1、初中英语中考10大词类详解初中英语10大词类详解+用法+考点英语语法最最基础的就是词性了,因为后续的各种时态变化、从句很多的考点都是结合词性才产生的!要想学好语法,那就一定要打牢词性这个基础!词性的分类词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十大类。1.名词noun n. student 学生2.代词pronoun pron. you 你3.形容词adjective adj. happy 高兴的前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。4.副词adverb adv. quickly 迅速地5.动词verb v. cut 砍、割6.数词numeral num. three 三7.冠词article
2、 art. a 一个8.介词preposition prep. at 在.9.连词conjunction conj. and 和10.感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦一、名词1名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。作主语,宾语,宾补,定语。2、名词分类:专有名词和普通名词(1)专有名词表示特定的人或事物的名称。如:Mr. Green格林先生 the Spring Festival春节 the Great Wall长城 Britain英国提示:关于单词首字母大写1)、句首的第一个单词的首字母要大写,Today is Thursday.2)、人名:姓和名两个单词第一个字
3、母都大写,Mr. Ye, Mrs. Zhang3)、称呼、头衔的第一个字母要大写,Doctor Wang, Chairman Mao4)、国家、地名等专有名词第一个字母要大写,Australia, Wuhan, Zhejiang, Wenzhou5)、月份、星期几、节假日每个单词的第一个字母都要大写.March, Tuesday, National Day, Labour Day 6)、语言名称要大写.Chinese, Japanese7)、文章标题的每个实词的第一个字母应大写,但不包括of, in, and这样的介词、连词,My Mother School in Beijing.8)、特殊简
4、称如FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation美国联邦调查局)WTO(World Trade Organization世界贸易组织)等字母都大写.(2)普通名词是不属于特定的人或事物名称的词。普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词,如:radio(广播),watch(手表);集体名词,如:class(班级),people(人民);物质名词,如:milk(牛奶)water(水);抽象名词,如:work(工作),health(健康)。普通名词又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词表示的事物是可以用数字一个一个数出来的,有单数和复数两种形式。如:
5、an apple不可数名词表示的事物是不可以用数字一个一个数出来的,不分单、复数;抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般都是不可数名词。如:milk牛奶,ice冰,water水,rice大米,juice橘汁提示:有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但中文意思就不同了。如:fish(可数鱼类;不可数鱼肉),chicken(可数小鸡;不可数鸡肉),people(可数民族,不可数人)3、可数名词变复数规则变化:分类变法例词1,一般情况加-sgirl-girls book -books2,以s/sh/x/ch 结尾的词加-esbus-buses watch-watches3,以“辅音字母+ y结尾的
6、词y 为 i再加esfamily-familiesstrawberry-strawberries4,以 f或 fe结尾的词变f 或fe 为 v再加eshalf-halves wife-wives knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thievesloaf-loaves5,以o结尾的词1)辅音字母+o结+es,(有五个单词)2)以元音字母+o结尾+s1) tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoes potato-potatoesheroes-heroes negro-negroes2)p
7、hoto-photospiano-pianosradio-radios zoo-zoos 6,各国人的复数1)以-an结尾的表示各国人的名词,复数+s 2)以-nese结尾的表示各国人的名词,复数不变1)American-AmericanRussian-RussiansGerman-Germans2)Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese不规则变化,必须死记,如:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice,child-children,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fi
8、sh-fish4、如何表示不可数名词的数量?不可数名词没有单、复数的区别,前面不能有数字,后面不能有复数,用量词表示它的数量,如: a glass of water 一杯水 two bottles of milk 两瓶牛奶 five bags of rice 五袋大米提示:这种形式也可以用于可数名词,但可数名词必须用复数形式。“a/数词 + 量词 + of + 可数名词”的格式也对,如:a basket of apples一篮子苹果five baskets of tomatoes 五篮子西红柿5、名词所有格:名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格,意为“的”,1) Of:-的,表示无生命的所有
9、格,(倒着说)如:a map of China 一张中国地图the title of the passage 那篇文章的标题 A story of the hero 那个英雄的故事2)一般在名词后加是s,表示有生命的所有格。如Grandmas house 奶奶的房子(1)如果名词代表的事物是有生命的,那么其所有格有以下几种形式:分类构成方式举例普通单数名词在名词末尾加 sNancys motherthe boys tabletodays newspaper以s或es结尾的复数名词在名词末尾加 the teachers booksfive minutes walkten hours drive不
10、以s或 es结尾的名词在名词末尾加 sChildrens DayWomens Day表示两者或多者共同拥有的一个人或一个东西在最后一个名词的末尾加 sJim and Kates mother(吉姆和凯特的妈妈)表示两者或多者各自拥有的在每个名词的词尾都加 sJims and Kates mothers(吉姆的妈妈和凯特的妈妈)2,动词:动词是表示动作或状态的一类词。只能作谓语,与主语的人称和数一致。分为:助动词系动词情态动词实义动词1、助动词:是语法功能词,本身没有词义,不可单独使用。助动词+动词原形作谓语。最常用的助动词有:do, will(would), shall(should), ca
11、n(could), may(might), must, need, 2,系动词:即连系动词,不能单独做谓语,后面必须跟表语。系动词和表语一起构成谓语。系动词后+名词/形容词/介词短语 如:He looked angry/sad/happy.3,情态动词:本身有词义,无人称和数的变化,后+动词原形。can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)4,实义动词:即行为动词,表示动作的动词,能独立作谓语,分为及物动词和不及物动词及物动词不能单独使用,后面必须跟宾语,并且
12、是直接跟宾语;不及物动词1)可以单独使用,后面不跟词,也可以跟副词来修饰它,。He is listening carefully. 他正在认真听。2)如果要跟宾语,就必须加介词。He is listening to the teacher carefully. 他正在认真听老师讲课1. -Could you give me some advice on learning English?-Sure. I think interest is important. For example, you start by watching English movies.A. should B. can
13、C. need D. must2, Why do you listen to Spanish songs all the time? This is just my to learn Spanish.A. choice B. road C. way D. reason3. The number of giant pandas is getting _ because their living areas are becoming farmlands.A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and
14、 fewer4,We sell _ in our shop. A. woman and childs clothes B. women and children T shirts C. womens and childrens jackets D. womans and childs coats5. We had a good time during our _ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two-weeks D. two weeks6. _ room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy a
15、nd Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys7,I like that son of _.A. Johns sister B. John sisters C. Johns sisters D. Johns sisters 8, Toms car is more beautiful than_.A. his brothers and sister B. his brother and sister C. his brothers and sisters D. his brothers and sisters9. Ill go and call at _ right
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