中考英语语法考点纵览 8被动语态.docx

1、中考英语语法考点纵览 8被动语态中考英语语法考点纵览 8被动语态一、语态概述1、语态的定义： 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的，用来说明主语和谓语之间的主动或者被动关系。2、语态的种类： 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二、被动语态考点纵览考点一：主动语态和被动语态的比较主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Many people speak English. 很多人说英语。（主语many people是动词speak的执行者）English is spoken by many peop

2、le. 英语被很多人说。（主语English是动词speak的承受者）He opened the door. 他开了门。（主语he是动词open的执行者）The door was opened. 门被开了。（主语the door是动词open的承受者）考点二：被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。主动句： 执行者（主语）+ 谓语动词 + 承受者（宾语）被动句： 承受者（主语）+ be + 过去分词 + by + 执行者注意： （1）有时by+执行者可以省略。 （2）主动句的时态是由谓语动词来体现的，而被动句的 时态是由be

3、动词来体现的。被动语态的否定式: 在第一个助动词后加not构成。被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。典型例句：主动句： The workers built the bridge.被动句： The bridge was built by the workers. 考点三：被动语态的使用场合1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some computers were stolen last night. 昨天晚上几台电脑被偷了。This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。2. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。Th

4、e window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。考点四：被动语态的各种形式一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态：am/ is/ are + done典型例题 1People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.典型例题 2The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.W

5、e are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态：was / were + done典型例题 1They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.典型例题 2The students didnt forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not ea

6、sily forgotten.现在进行时的被动语态典型例题 1The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.典型例题 2We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.过去进行时的被动语态典型例题 1The workers were mending the road.The road was being mended.典型例题 2This time last year we were planti

7、ng trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.现在完成时的被动语态典型例题 1Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.典型例题 2He has brought his book here.His book has been brought here.过去完成时的被动语态典型例题 1When I got to the theatre, I

8、found they had already sold out the tickets.When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 典型例题 2People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been considered to be a great leader一般将来时的被动语态典型例题 1They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.典型例题

9、 2They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 过去将来时的被动语态典型例题 1The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.典型例题 2The workers told me they would mend t

10、he car as soon as possible.The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.含有情态动词的被动语态 典型例题 1You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.典型例题 2He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters can be writt

11、en with the computer by him.考点五：主动语态变被动语态考点1：主动语态如何变为被动语态？第一步：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。第二步：把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。第三步：把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。典型例题All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by

12、them in the factory.考点2：含有双宾语的主动句变被动句含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语比较多。典型例题1My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.典型例题2The book was showed to the class.My bike was lent to her.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to m

13、e yesterday.注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。典型例句A new skirt was made for me.The meat was cooked for us.

14、Some country music was played for us. 考点3：由“动词+ 介词或副词”构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。典型例句The patient is being operated on. 病人正在做手术。The problem is solved. 问题解决了。It neednt be talked about. 这不需要讨论了。His request was turned down. 他的要求被拒绝了。The sports meet will be put off because of the bad wea

15、ther. 因为天气不好，运动会将取消了。考点4：带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。典型例题1We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.典型例题2She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to follow her instructions.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to。We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.考点六：不用被动语态的情况考点1：有些动词既是及