名词性从句专项主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句.docx

1、名词性从句专项主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句名词性从句专项一、知识梳理/提炼要点一：句子的分类根据句子的结构可分为： 简单句一主一谓。并列句由等立连词and, but, so, for把两个（以上）的简单句连在一起构成。复合句一个主句+从句（一个或以上）构成。根据从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。要点二：名词性从句总述1. 主语从句在句中作主语，可用it作形式主语，把真正的从句放在句尾。如：It is still a mystery how the prisoner escaped.犯人是如何逃跑的是个谜。主语

2、从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数。What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定。如：What he needs is that bookWhat he needs are some book主语从句常用的结构有：It is well known/reported/thought/said/ thatIt is natural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear thatIt is a pity/a shame/an honor/no surprise/no wonder thatIt doesntt matter whetherIt seemsappears

3、that It happens that2. 表语从句位于系动词之后充当复合句的表语，引导词that 一般可以省略，还可用as if/as though/because/why引导。如：The question is who can complete the difficult task. 问题是是能完成这项艰巨的任务。同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。名词主要有：fact, news（word）, promise, idea, truth, thought, suggestion, hope, proposal, doubt等。 一般用that引导，不省略。如：The ne

4、ws that our team has won the match is true. 我们队赢得了比赛的消息是真的。4宾语从句在句中作动词、介词或者形容词的宾语。由that, if/whether/what,when, how, wich等引导。如：I doubt whetherif he will keep his word. 我怀疑他是否会信守诺言。Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate.能否成功有赖于我们怎么合作。I am afraid (that) I have made a foolish mistake.我恐

5、怕是犯了个愚蠢错误。要点三：名词性从句的引导词1.从属连词有that, whether, if。它们只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分。2.连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等。它们在从句中起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补、表语或定语。3连接副词有when, where, why, how 等，它们既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语。how many(much, far, long, often, soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句要点四：名词性从句的语序 名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序1.

6、that 和whether/if引导的从句 She sensed something.A tall man in a dark coat was staring at herShe sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.She wondered.Would the buses still be runningShe wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.2. 疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。他是怎么

7、成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. (F)How he was successful is still a puzzle. (T)你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗Could you tell me where he lives (T) Could you tell me where does he live (F)要点五：名词性从句的时态1在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态。当主句四一般过去时，从句应使用相应的过去时。对比如下： Mary is very diligent. Mary was very

8、diligent. Mary is reading English. Tom said Mary was reading English.Tom says Mary will give us a talk. Mary would give us a talk. Mary has been caught in the rain. Mary had been caught in the rain. 但是，宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等，无论主句是什么时态从句的时态仍用一般现在时。如：She said that her father is 30 years older than her. 她说她父亲

9、比她大三十岁。Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光的传播速度比声音快多了。2在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致，关键要注意动作发生的先后。Who will win the first prize in the contest is not known to us.Have you any idea why he was so rude要点六：名词性从句的语气只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句，都要用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形，should

10、可以省略。 如：He made the suggestion that the political prisoners (should) be set free. 他提议释放政治犯The court ordered that the case (should )be heard at the end of August. 法庭下令在8月末开庭审理此案。The police demanded that he give them the names.警察要他说出那些人的姓名。 要点七：宾语从句否定词的转移 主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, cons

11、ider, espect, fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.。如I dont think he will come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会.（而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.）I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.。We find that he never l

12、istens to the teacher carefully,does he 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是 要点八：引导词that和what用法辨析that不充当任何成分，what可以在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、表语。that在宾语从句中可以省略。但在表语从句，主语从句和同位语从句中一般不省略。如：下面几种情况不可以省略：1. it作形式宾语，that 引导的真正宾语从句。They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.2. 两个或多个并列的that引导的宾语

13、从句，只有第一个that可省。Mr. smith told the workers (that) John had worked very hard and that he wanted him stay.要点九：复合形式的引导词的用法1 Whoever=anyone who, whichever, whatever=anything that = 名词/代词+（相关的）连接代词He gave whoever came to the door a smile. = He gave any person who came to the door a smile.比较：He asked me wh

14、o broke the glass.（正确）他问我是谁打的玻璃。He asked me whoever broke the glass.（错误）Whoever goes against law shall be punished=Anybody who goes against law should be punished.（正确） 违法的人将受罚。Who goes against law shall be punished.（错误）2wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别wh-ever可引导名词性从句，让步状语从句；no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句Whatever

15、 I said, he wouldnt listen to me.让步状语从句=No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.He would believe whatever I said.宾语从句要点十：同位语从句的that和定语从句的that的区别1. The news that our team had won made us very happy.同位语从句，由that引导，对news的具体内容进行说明，that在从句中不充当成分，不可省略。2. The news (that) he brought us made us very happy.定语从句，由that引导，对news进行限定和补充，that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语可省。二、课堂精讲例题及方法归纳1.【2011北京卷 22】_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom【答案】B【考点】考察名词性从句中的主语从句。【解析】由句中