英语写作句子汇总.pptx

1、英语句子概论1英语句子概论 基本成分基本成分 附属成分附属成分 独立成分独立成分 省略成分省略成分 连接成分连接成分 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句并列复合句并列复合句语法术语语法术语2主语 Subject 谓语谓语 Predicate verbPredicate verb宾语宾语Object Object 状语状语Adverbial modifierAdverbial modifier3表语表语Predicative Predicative 定语定语 Attributive Attributive 补语补语Complement Complement 系动词系动词Copula or

2、linking verbCopula or linking verb4动词动词Verb Verb 及物动词及物动词Transitive verb(v.t.)Transitive verb(v.t.)不及物动词 不及物动词 Intransitive verb Intransitive verb(v.i.)(v.i.)名词名词Noun(n.)Noun(n.)动名词动名词Gerund Gerund 5副词副词Adverb(ad.)Adverb(ad.)形容词形容词Adjective(adj.)Adjective(adj.)介词介词Preposition(prep.)Preposition(prep.

3、)连词连词 Conjunction Conjunction 6并列连词并列连词Coordinating conjunctionCoordinating conjunction从属连词从属连词 Subordinating conjunctionSubordinating conjunction副词连词副词连词Adverbial conjunctionAdverbial conjunction短语短语Phrase Phrase 7名词名词(动词动词/形容词形容词/副词副词/现在分现在分词词/过去分词过去分词/不定式不定式)短语短语Noun(v./adj./adv./present Noun(v./

4、adj./adv./present participle/past participle participle/past participle/infinitive)phrase/infinitive)phrase从句从句 Clause Clause 主语从句主语从句Subjective clauseSubjective clause8定语从句定语从句Attributive/adjective clauseAttributive/adjective clause宾语从句宾语从句 Objective clause Objective clause 状语从句 状语从句(原因原因,时间时间,地点地点

5、,目目的的,结果结果,条件条件,让步让步)Adverbial clause(reason,time,Adverbial clause(reason,time,place,purpose,result,condition,place,purpose,result,condition,concession)concession)9简单句简单句Simple sentencesSimple sentences并列句并列句Compound sentencesCompound sentences复合句复合句Complex sentencesComplex sentences并列复合句并列复合句Compou

6、nd-complex sentencesCompound-complex sentences合并句合并句Combined sentencesCombined sentences10 LieLie 虚度虚度,使空闲使空闲 Lie idleLie idle 被搁置不用被搁置不用Go Go=becomebecome 变为变为,变得 变得 They go madThey go mad他们疯了他们疯了.hair that had gone gray.hair that had gone gray.变灰白的头发变灰白的头发11 主语 不及物动词 （主语 不及物动词 （S+Vi）主语 及物动词 宾语 主语

7、及物动词 宾语(S+Vt+O)主语 系动词 表 主语 系动词 表(S+V+predicative)主语双宾动词主语双宾动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 (S+Vt.+O+O.complement)There+be/stand/lie/live.简单句的五种基本句型主、（不及物、及物、系语动词动词动词双宾动词动词、宾补动词)、及可以宾语补语称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含 2基本成分，至多个4基本成个分。12nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主主语语谓谓语

8、语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语宾语宾语(间)宾语宾语(直直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英语句子基本成分示意图be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/lie become/get/grow/turn go/come/remain/keeptaste/smell etc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.13主语 不及物动词主语 不及物动词She came

9、 /My head aches.主语 及物动词 宾语主语 及物动词 宾语She likes English.主语 系动词 主语补语主语 系动词 主语补语She is happy 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语She gave John a book She bought a book for me.主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.There+beThere lies a book on the

10、desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例14附属成分附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：基本成分的修饰语。可以是：定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。短语或从句。定 语(attribute)Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby She likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illust

11、rations Have you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.15John often came to chat with me John likes oranges very much Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.As he was ill,he didnt come to class yeste

12、rday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.状 语 状 语(adverbial modifier)16Examples:Oh！What is that！（惊叹词）！（惊叹词）He has，alas，failed again Come here，John（呼语）（呼语）Roll on，Ocean，roll on句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种

13、成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。独立成分 独立成分(substantive)17（You）Come here（I wish you）Good luck！Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggs He runs as fast as,if (he does)not(run)faster,than you.(I)Hope you like it.John should clean the room today and Peter(should clean it)tomorrow.句中被省略的成

14、分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：一定的意思：省略成分 省略成分(Omissive Component)18连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词并列连词。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词从属连词。从。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。属连词主要用于引导各种从句。一个完整的

15、句子（主句或从句）必须包含一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含 2 个到个到 4 个基本个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。他的句子成分。连接成分 连接成分(Conjunctive Component)19简单句简单句简单句(simple sentence)只有一个限定动词只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的一种。位。主要起下列四种作用中的一种。作一种陈述作一种陈述 提出一个问题提出一个问题 发出一种命令或请求发出一种命令或请

16、求 表示一种感叹表示一种感叹Examples:The boy hit the dog./The dog bit the boy.The girl read the books./The books pleased the girl.Stephen apologized at once.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a slow train this is!20简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语主语动词部分动词部分宾语宾语 状语状语（谓语）（谓语）方式方式 地点地点 时间时间Iboughta hat yesterday.

17、The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away in a police car.21简单句的扩展成份简单句的扩展成份简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与

18、其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。用进行扩展。I bought a rain coat with a warm lining(内层内层,内衬内衬).The dog jumped through the window.He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday

19、.The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.22两个简单句的主语可以连词两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also 等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。和谓语动词的一致性。The boss is flying to Paris.His secretary is flying to Paris.The boss and his secretary are flying to

20、Paris.Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome.His secretary is not flying to Rome.The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.The boss may be flying to Berlin.His secretary may be flying to Berlin.Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The bo

21、ss is not flying to York.His secretary isnt flying to York.Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.主语、谓语、宾语的合并主语、谓语、宾语的合并23两个简单句的宾语可由两个简单句的宾语可由 and、bothand 等连词连接组等连词连接组成一个简单句。成一个简单句。I met Jane.I met her husband.I met Jane and her husband.I met both Jane and her husband.It was cold.It wa

22、s wet.It was cold and wet.I didnt meet Jane.I didnt meet her husband.I didnt meet either Jane or her husband.I met neither Jane nor her husband.两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。We sang all night.We danced all night.We sang and danced all night.主语、谓语、宾语的合并主语、谓语、宾语的合并24并列句并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用

23、分号或把两需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来，这种结连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句构即构成一个并列句(compound sentence)。用分号：用分号：We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：用分号，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如用并列连词（如 and、but、so、yet 等）等）We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a

24、thing.25并列句并列句常用并列连词常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions 平行并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词:选择并列连词选择并列连词:and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor,and thenbut,while,yetfor,soor,eitheror,neither nor26并列句并列句并列句的词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句并列句的词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。的词序。主语主语 谓语 宾语 连词 主语 动 谓语 宾语 连词 主语 动词 表语词 表语Jimmy fell

25、off his bike but (he)wasnt hurt.五种简单句型可用并列连词连接起来组成并列句。五种简单句型可用并列连词连接起来组成并列句。主 谓 状（方式）连 主 谓 主 谓 状（方式）连 主 谓 表 表Frank worked hard and (he)became an architect.主 谓 宾 连 主 谓 主 谓 宾 连 主 谓 地点 地点Ive got a cold,so I m going to bed.主 谓 宾 宾补 连 主 主 谓 宾 宾补 连 主 谓 宾 谓 宾They made him chairman,but(they)didnt increase h

26、is salary.27Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired,so he went to bed.1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt.He was afraid of the dog.3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise,but He didnt keep it.The child hid behind his mother

27、s skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.28由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句复合句(complex sentence)可以通过把两个可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子各组成部

28、份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。另一句子（主句）。复合句 复合句=主句 主句+从句从句复合句复合句29复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：句：1.主语从句 主语从句 2.宾语从句宾语从句3.表语从句 表语从句 4.定语从句定语从句5.状语从句 状语从句

29、6.同位语从句 同位语从句 英文写作中最常使用的从句英文写作中最常使用的从句1.1.宾语从句宾语从句2.2.状语从句 状语从句 3.3.定语从句定语从句30复合句 复合句=简单句 简单句+从属连词从属连词/关系代词 关系代词+简单句简单句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语宾语how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my

30、car and that I couldhave the money without delay.when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.宾语从句宾语从句31复合句 复合句=简单句 简单句+从属连词从属连词/关系代词 关系代词+简单句简单句I dont know him.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.宾语从句宾语从句He is leaving fo

31、r Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.32复合句 复合句=简单句 简单句+从属连词从属连词/关系代词 关系代词+简单句简单句the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主语主语That he didnt know t

32、he answerin the room.定语定语who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.33复合句 复合句=简单句 简单句+从属连词从属连词/关系代词 关系代词+简单句简单句That is the fact.表 语表 语what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.34复合句与简单句：复合句 复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句

33、 简单句+从属连词 从属连词+简简单句单句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.35复合句与简单句：复合句 复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句 简单句+从属连词 从属连词+简简单句单句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地点状语地点状语where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.