1、中南大学系统仿真实验报告实验一 MATLAB中矩阵与多项式的根本运算实验任务1了解MATLAB命令窗口和程序文件的调用。2熟悉如下MATLAB的根本运算: 矩阵的产生、数据的输入、相关元素的显示; 矩阵的加法、乘法、左除、右除; 特殊矩阵:单位矩阵、“1矩阵、“0矩阵、对角阵、随机矩阵的产生和运算; 多项式的运算:多项式求根、多项式之间的乘除。根本命令训练1、 eye(2)ans = 1 0 0 1 eye(4)ans = 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 12、 ones(2)ans = 1 1 1 1 ones(4)ans = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2、1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ones(2,2)ans = 1 1 1 1 ones(2,3)ans = 1 1 1 1 1 1 ones(4,3)ans = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13、 zeros(2)ans = 0 0 0 0 zeros(4)ans = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 zeros(2,2)ans = 0 0 0 0 zeros(2,3)ans = 0 0 0 0 0 0 zeros(3,2)ans = 0 0 0 0104、随机阵 rand(2,3)ans = 0.2785 0.9575 0.15760.5469 0.
3、9649 0.9706 rand(2,3)ans =0.9572 0.8003 0.4218 0.4854 0.1419 0.91575、 diag(5)ans = 5 diag(5,5)ans = 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 diag(2,3)ans = 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 06、invA为求A的逆矩阵 B=5 3 1;2 3 8;1 1 1,inv(B)B = 5 3 1 2 3 8 1 1 1ans = 0.6250 0.2500 -
4、2.6250 -0.7500 -0.5000 4.7500 0.1250 0.2500 -1.1250 A=2 3;4 4,B=5 3;3 8,inv(A),inv(B);AB,A/B,inv(A)*B,B*inv(A)A = 2 3 4 4B = 5 3 3 8ans = -1.0000 0.7500 1.0000 -0.5000ans = -2.7500 3.0000 3.5000 -1.0000ans = 0.2258 0.2903 0.6452 0.2581ans = -2.7500 3.0000 3.5000 -1.0000ans = -2.0000 2.25005.0000 -1.
5、75007、 p =1,-6,-72,-27, roots(p)p = 1 -6 -72 -27ans = 12.1229 -5.7345 -0.3884 p=2,3,6,roots(p)p = 2 3 6ans = -0.7500 + 1.5612i -0.7500 - 1.5612i8、A为n*n的方阵 A=0 1 0;-4 4 0;-2 1 2,poly(A),B=sym(A),poly(B)A = 0 1 0 -4 4 0 -2 1 2ans = 1 -6 12 -8 B = 0, 1, 0 -4, 4, 0 -2, 1, 2 ans = x3-6*x2+12*x-89,、conv是多
6、项式相乘,deconv是多项式相除 u=1 2 4 6 ,v=5 0 0 -6 7,conv(u,v)u = 1 2 4 6v = 5 0 0 -6 7ans = 5 10 20 24 -5 -10 -8 42 v=1 2 4 6 ,u=5 0 0 -6 7,deconv(u,v)v = 1 2 4 6u = 5 0 0 -6 7ans = 5 -1010、点乘是数组的运算,没有点的乘是矩阵运算 a = 2 5;3 4, b =3 1;4 7,a.*b,a*ba = 2 5 3 4b = 3 1 4 7ans = 6 5 12 28ans = 26 3725 31 a = 2 3; b = 4
7、 7;a.*b = 8 21;a*b %错误a*b = 29;11、who 可以看到你用过的一些变量,whos是把该变量及所存储的大小等信息都显示出来了 whoYour variables are:A B a ans b p u v whos Name Size Bytes Class Attributes A 2x2 32 double B 2x2 32 double a 1x2 16 double ans 1x2 16 double b 1x2 16 double p 1x3 24 double u 1x5 40 double v 1x4 32 double 12、 A=2 5 3;6 5
8、 4,disp(A),size(A),length(A)A = 2 5 3 6 5 4 2 5 3 6 5 4ans = 2 3ans = 3实验二 MATLAB绘图命令实验任务 熟悉MATLAB根本绘图命令,掌握如下绘图方法: 1坐标系的选择、图形的绘制; 2图形注解题目、标号、说明、分格线的参加; 3图形线型、符号、颜色的选取。根本命令训练1、t=0:pi/360:2*pi;x=cos(t)+ cos(t*4);y=sin(t)+ sin(t*4);xlabel(x轴);ylabel(y轴);plot(y,x),grid; 2、t=0:0.1:100;x=3*t;y=4*t;z=sin(2
9、*t);plot3(x,y,z,g:)3、x = linspace(-2*pi,2*pi,40);y=sin(x);stairs(x,y) 4、t=0:pi/360:2*pi;x=cos(t)+ cos(t*4) + sin(t*4);y=sin(t)+ sin(t*4);plot(y,x,r:);xlabel(x轴);ylabel(y轴); 5、th=0:pi/1000:2*pi;r=cos(2*th);polar(th,r);title(四叶草图)6、th=0:pi/20:2*pi;x=exp(j*th);plot(real(x),imag(x),r-.) ;grid; text(0,0,
10、中心) ; 7、x=-2:0.01:2;8、y=-2:0.01:2;9、X,Y = meshgrid(x,y);Z = Y.*exp(-X.2-Y.2);C,h = contour(X,Y,Z);set(h,ShowText,on,TextStep,get(h,LevelStep)*2)8、x = 0:0.2:10;y = 2*x+3;subplot(411);plot(x,y); grid;title(y的原函数);subplot(412) ;semilogy(x,y); grid;title(对y取对数);subplot(413) ;semilogx(x,y); grid;title(对x
11、取对数);subplot(414) ;loglog(x,y);grid;title(对xy均取对数); 9、x = -3:0.3:3;bar(x,exp(-x.*x),g) 实验三 MATLAB程序设计实验任务 1熟悉MATLAB程序设计的方法和思路; 2掌握循环、分支语句的编写,学会使用look for、help命令。程序举例1、f=1,1;i=1;while f(i)+f(i+1)m=3;n=4;for i=1:m for j=1:n a(i,j)=1/(i+j-1); endendformat rataa = 1 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/3 1/4 1
12、/5 1/6 (分数格式形式。用有理数逼近显示数据)m=5;n=4;for i=1:m for j=1:n a(i,j)=1/(i+j-1); endend format rataa = 1 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/6 1/4 1/5 1/6 1/7 1/5 1/6 1/7 1/8 3、程序中没有format rat命令时,如果上次运行结果没有去除,输出的结果就是上次运行的结果!但是运用clear命令清楚之前的运行结果之后就会正常运行。4、x=input(请输入x的值:); if x=10 y=cos(x+1)+sqrt(x*x+1)
13、; else y=x*sqrt(x+sqrt(x); end y请输入x的值:2y = 2391/647x=input(请输入x的值:); if x=10 y=fprintf(不在定义域内,请重新输入:);return else y=1/(x-10); end y请输入x的值:2y = -1/85、p=0 0 0 1 3 0 2 0 0 9;for i=1:length(p),if p(1)=0,p=p(2:length(p); end;end;pp = Columns 1 through 5 1 3 0 2 0 Columns 6 through 7 0 9 p=0 0 0 1 3 0 2 0 0 9;p(p=0)=;pp =
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