商务英语名词解释.docx

1、商务英语名词解释1.Budget预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2.Return回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3.Portfolio证券投资组合the entire collect

2、ion of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling4.Royalty专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percent

3、age of the selling price of the product.5.Patent专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.6.Non-tariff barrier非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs,

4、 including prohibitions and quotas, etc.7.Franchise经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.8.Purchasing power购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.9.

5、PPP购买力平价purchasing power parity10.tariff关税tax levied by the customs11.barriers to trade贸易壁垒any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.12.primary commodities初级产品those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or ra

6、w materials13.drawback退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported14.specific duties从量税duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods15.ad valorem duties从价税duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods16.carriage运费the price or cost of transportati

7、on17.voluntary offer主动发盘an offer made on the initiative of the offerer18.contracting parties缔约方signatories of an agreement19.force majeure不可抗力 social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party20.firm offer持盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the o

8、ffer21.offeree受要约人the party to whom an offer is made22.hyperinflation极度通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control23.inflation通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc.24.protectionism贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home countries through duti

9、es and other means imposed on competitive imports25.bilateral双边的of two sides26.bundling捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together27.creditors债权人a person to whom one owns money28.debtor债务人a person who owes money29.default违约fail to carry out an obligation30.draft汇票an unconditional order

10、to someone to pay a sum of money31.remittance汇款the sending of money or the money sent32.drawer出票人the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter33.drawee受票人the person to whom a draft is drawn34.credit-worthiness资信being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment35.applicant of a

11、n L/C出口信用证the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C36.beneficiary受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export37.confirming bank保兑行the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C38.reimburse退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent39.clean cr

12、edit光票信用证a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment40.sight credit即期信用证a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft41.middleman中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer42.consignee收货人the party in the bill of lading to whom the

13、goods are shipped43.shipping marks唛头what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation44.insurance policy保险单a document used for covering possible risks45.title抬头right to the possession of a position or property46.insured被保险人a person covered by

14、an insurance policy47.premium保险费the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract48.potential loss潜在损失loss which is possible to incur49.claim索赔a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy50.margin利润amount above what is estimated as necessary51.underwriter保险公司a person who car

15、ries on insurance as a business52.invoice发票a document for the general description of the goods and the pricepensation赔偿金something given or received as an equivalent for loss54.pooling联营a combination of funds formed for common advantage55.multi-modal transportation多式联运transport that combines road, ra

16、il, sea and air56.redeem兑换to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock57.settlement结算the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc58.exchange rate汇率the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency59.money circulation货币流通money in the hands of the

17、public and being used to pay for goods and services60.devaluation货币贬值the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies61.reserve储备金money held aside to meet future demand62.investment投资the act of putting money to use in

18、 something offering profitable returns63.quota配额a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity64.VER自动出口限制an agreement by a countrys exporters or government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country65.intellectual property知识产权certain non-tan

19、gible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy-right66.tax holiday免税期a period of time during which tax is not levied67.joint venture合资企业a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms68.gilts金边债券

20、stocks issued by government69.cost-effective成本效益好producing optimum results for the expenditure70.anti-dumping反倾销one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured

21、71.mandate授权authority given to perform a duty72.contracting party缔约国a country or firm that signs a legal agreement73.Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transa

22、ction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)74.Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.75.FDI( foreign direct investments)is made of returns through controlling the ente

23、rprises or assets invested in a host country.76.Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.77.Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.78.Licensing许可经营: In

24、 licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.79.Franchising特许经营: a firm called the franchisee, is allowed

25、to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.80.Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.81.Franchisee被特许方:

26、A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.82.GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.83.GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within th

27、e geographic area of an economy.84.Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.85.Income distribution收入分布: The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.86.Free trade area自由贸易区: The members rem

28、ove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policy87.Customs union关税同盟: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy88.Common market共同市场: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and ad

29、opt the same external policy.89.Economic Union (EU)经济同盟: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.90.Parent MNC headquarter跨国公司母公司，

30、总部is the original investing multinational corporation . It is also the international headquarters of the MNE .91.Home county母国: The country where the headquarter of the investor is located.92.Host country东道国: The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates.93.Absolute advantage绝对利益

31、: It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)100.Comparative advantage比较利益: Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.

32、1.International trade国际贸易: The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.2.Import duties进口关税: Tariffs levied on goods entering an area3.Export duties出口关税: Taxes levied on goods leaving an area4.Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠国待遇: A tariff treatment under