名 词 篇.docx

1、名 词 篇名 词 篇纵观高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：名词的复数形式；不可数名词的辨认；抽象名词转换成普通名词的名词一体词；名词作定语；双重所有格；名词前多个形容词排列。一、 名词可数与不可数及修饰词： 常考的抽象名词有：advice, chalk, furniture, patience, paper, clothing, fun, power, work, oil, jewelery, homework, sugar, information, salt, knowledge, luck, weather, progress, news (word), money 注意：another

2、不能修饰不可数名词，可说another book，不可说another news。二、 复合名词的复数形式因词而异： 1. a man driver (men drivers) a woman doctor ( women doctors) 2. a film-goer (film-goers) 电影爱好者 3. a looker-on (lookers-on) 旁观者 passers-by 4. a grown-up (grown-ups) 成年人三、 部分名词的复数形式表示特殊意义：goods, looks（表情、外貌）, times, interests, works, glasses,

3、 hairs（头发）, drinks（饮料）, manners, papers, greens（青菜、蔬菜）, irons（熨斗）, forces（军队）, sands（沙滩）, arms, airs（做作的样子、架子） put on airse.g. 1. His mother wants to buy some greens in the market. She is dressed in green.2. Her grandfather can not read without glasses. In fact her necklace was made of glass.3. Wood

4、 can be made into paper. Its polite for the students to help the teacher collect or hand out papers.4. It takes a lot of work to build a house. A new chemical works will be set up here.5. The city is in great need of our goods. How good of you to come and help us!6. Put down your arms, or well fire.

5、 She carried a box under her arm.7. What does this French word mean? Only by this means can we learn English well.8. Dont put on airs before us. He likes going out for fresh air.9. She takes no interest in politics. We should not live only for our own interests.四、 几个容易误用的名词的单复数：1 单复数相同：sheep, deer,

6、fish, Chinese, Japanese, means, works2 只有复数：cattle, people3 常以复数形式出现：trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes, remains（遗物）, contents, goods, congratulations, means, sports, preparations（准备）, tears, repairs, regards, games（运动会）4 以s结尾的学科或专有名词常作单数：politics, maths, physics, the United States, The United Natio

7、ns五、 几组易错名词的用法：1 many a + 单数名词 = many + 复数名词2 集合名词：family, team, audience, enemy, public, group, class, government, company, police, party作主语时，若看作一个整体时，谓语动词用单数；若表示组成分子，则用复数。e.g. The police are on duty at the street corner. My family is / are going to have a long journey.3 population:1） 作为“人口”的总称或“居民

8、”的总数是不可数名词，谓语用单数。2） 问“多少人口”时，不说how many或how much，而用what。3） 在谈到“人口比多”时，常用large，great；“人口少”时，常用small，而不用much，many或little。4） 当谈及“有人口”时， 习惯上用have a population of。5） 当“百分数/分数+ of the population”作主语时，谓语用复数。6） 表示某个地区人口时，其前应有定冠词。7） population不能与people连用。e.g. The population in China is very large, and 80% of

9、 the population are farmers. The city has a population of the million.六、 表示“许多”的词组：1 代替many，修饰可数名词的有：a great number of, a large number of, a good number of, a great many, many a2 代替much，修饰不可数名词的有：a great deal of3 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large / great / good quantity of, l

10、arge quantities ofe.g. The teacher gave us a large number of examples.七、 用定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示其全家人或夫妇两人： the Smiths八、 名词的双重所有格的用法：1 只能用于指人的名词 a friend of my sisters2 前一名词必须泛指或有this，that，those，another，some，every，several，such，any，which，what修饰或限制，或前面有数词。九、 名词前多个形容词的排列顺序： 描绘性+大小/新旧/年龄/温度/形式+颜色/形状+起源/出处+材料/目的

11、分类e.g. a pretty little American girl an old stone bridge a small round pine table the dirty old green coat一十、 名词用来作定语，修饰名词：有生命的多用s或s的所有格，无生命的多用of短语。一个名词直接做定语修饰另一个名词，往往属于固定的搭配。telephone number, school education, air pollution, research work,bus driver, coffee cup, sports meet, village people一十一、 表示具有

12、某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，表示变化了的词义，这一类抽象名词已完全名词化变为可数名词：1 in surprise / a surprise2 with pleasure / a pleasure3 have pity on sb. / Its a pity. ( What a pity.)4 a man with experience / an experience5 light（光） / a light（灯）6 have difficulty in doing sth. / meet with many difficulties7 failure ( success )8 da

13、nger（危险） / a danger（危险物）十二、常用名词辨异：1 accident / incident:accident常指不幸的，预料不到的，突发性的意外事件，如灾祸、灾难等；还常与by连用，by accident 偶然 类似: come across, happen to do, chance to do, by chancee.g. He had met with an accident on the way. This is why he was late for the meeting. incident指不重要的小事或引起公众注意的事件；也指事变、战争等。e.g. My f

14、ather told me of an incident that took place on his first day at school.2 affair / business / matteraffair的单数形式作“事情、事件”解，复数形式作“事务、业务”解，用指国内、国际的事务。 business作“生意”“行业”，没有复数形式。 matter作“事情、东西、问题”解，通常指必须考虑和处理的事情。 另外：1）the matter麻烦事 2）v. 主要用于否定句、疑问句，表示“要紧，有重大关系” 3）no matter , as a matter of fact 4）matter 物

15、质3 clothes / cloth / clothing / dressclothes统指衣服，不能与数词连用，但可以说many（a few，those，my）clothes，说“一套衣服”可以表达为“a suit of clothes”，其后的谓语动词用复数形式。 cloth指做衣服的衣料，是不可数名词，但用于特殊用途的布，如“台布”“抹布”等是可数名词，复数形式为clothes。 clothing指衣服、服装的总称，是集合名词，没有复数形式。 一件衣服a piece of clothing / an article of clothing，不能说a suit of clothing dr

16、ess指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合的衣服，可数名词。4 fun / jokefun和joke都有“开玩笑”的意思，fun是不可数名词，而joke可用做动词，表示“开玩笑”，而fun不能用作动词。同某人开玩笑：make fun of, play a joke / jokes on sb. make a joke / jokes about sb. / sth.5 in a moment / after a moment / at the moment / for a moment / the moment (that) / for the momentin a moment“一会儿后”，指从

17、现在往后的一段时间，也可指“很短的一段时间内”。after a moment“一会儿后”，用于过去或将来的某时起往后一段时间。for a moment作一段时间解时，指“很短暂的一整段时间”。at the moment“当时”“目前”（= at this moment, then）the moment that表示“一就” for the moment暂时、目前6 pay / wage / salarypay是不可数名词，是个常用词，可替代其他两个词。salary是可数名词、不可数名词，按月、季或年发给的工资，一般指脑力劳动者的工资。wage（常用复数），一般指体力劳动者的工资，按日或星期来计

18、算的。7 strength / force / energy / powerstrength常指固有的潜在力量，指人时，着重力气。force主要指自然界的力量，如暴力、势力、军事力量等。energy主要指“人的精力、自然界的能量”power主要指做一件事情所依靠的能力。十三、Repeat:1 If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with less money and fewer people.2 Shortly after the accident, two dozen police were sent

19、there to keep order.3 We have worked out the plan and now put it into practice.4 He is going camping with two other little boys.5 Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi.6 He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.7 If by any chance someone comes to se

20、e me, ask them to leave a message.8 Youll find this map of great value in helping you to get round London.代 词 篇一、 it的用法：1 代替指示代词this或that2 用作人称代词3 表示时间、天气、距离等4 引导词，在句中充当形式主语或形式宾语1) It seems that Sb. seems to do / to be doing / to have done2) It appears that Sb. appears to do / to be doing / to have

21、done3) It happens that Sb. happens to do / to be doing / to have done4) It is no use / useless / no good doing sth.5) It is said / reported / believed that 6) It has been proved that 事实证明7) It is + adj. + for sb. / of sb. to do sth.8) It is a pity that 9) It is certain that 10) It is time ( that ) （

22、虚拟语气）11) It is necessary that （虚拟语气）12) Sb. + v. + it + n. / adj. + to do sth. / doing sth. / thatfeel it an honour to do make it clear to sb. to do find it no use doing13) It is / was + 被强调的部分 + that / who 14) It was ( not ) / will ( not ) long ( hours ) before 15) It is not until that Not until 16

23、) It takes sb. some time to do sth.二、 反身代词： come to oneself（苏醒）/ be not oneself（身体不舒服） congratulate oneself on（暗自庆幸） enjoy oneselfexpress oneself（表达） devote oneself to（致力于） dress oneself（穿衣） find oneself（发觉自己在） help oneself to（随便吃） hide oneself（躲藏） keep sth. to oneself（保守秘密） make oneself at home（不要拘

24、束，就像在自己家里一样） make oneself + p.p.seat oneself三、 替代词so的用法：1 So do I. 后者与前者相同，两个不同的主语。2 So I do. 重复前面的内容，同一个主语。3 I do so. 指代前面的内容。4 So it is with 如果前面是两个或两个以上的句子，而且里面包含不同的人称、数或时态等时，so可以替代从句中的that宾语从句下面的动词，多用此种替代方法。5 常用结构： Im afraid so. Im afraid not. I think so. I dont think so. I believe so. I believe

25、 not. I hope so. I hope not. I suppose / fear / imagine so. I suppose / fear / imagine not. I have been told so.四、 such与so的不同用法：1 such置于冠词之前，但常用在some / any / every / many / all / no之后。such an interesting book so interesting a bookno such thing / one such animal2 such + adj. +不可数名词/名词的复数形式3 so many /

26、 few / much / little +可数/不可数名词so many people / so little money / such a little girl4 such用于特殊结构 Such is our study plan.5 so that（目的/结果） in case（没有such that）such as 五、 常用代词辨异：1 one, ones, that, those, it one与ones可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指单数，ones指复数。 one与ones既可指人也可指物，ones不可单独使用，也不可用those，these直接修饰，但可用the修饰

27、，或these + adj. + ones。 one可代替可数名词为中心的整个名词词组，而ones不能。 one不能加不定冠词，除非中间有形容词。 one可单独使用，作“任何人”解。 that与those，that代替前面提到过的不可数名词，those代替前面提到过的复数名词。That，those后面跟定语从句时，关系代词不能用that。 one和it都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词。one代替这类东西的任何一个，it代替前面所指的特定的东西。2 no one, none1 no one = nobody，只指人，不指物，谓语动词用单数。2 no one没有固定范围，故其后不接of短语。no

28、ne可接of短语。No one，nobody用于简略回答时，不能用来对“How many”或“How much”做否定回答。e.g. Is there anyone who can do the experiment? No one.3 none表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中“没有一个”或“任何一个都不”。表示不可数名词时，谓语用单数；表示可数名词时，单复数均可。4 none常用来对“How many”或“How much”做否定回答，也可对 any + of 短语构成的一般疑问句做否定回答。而no one用来回答“Who”引导的特殊疑问句。3 both, either, neither bo

29、th两者都， 作主语时谓语动词用复数。作形容词时，可直接修饰名词，如有定冠词the，物主代词或指示代词修饰名词，需置both之后。both指两个人或物，不可与单数名词或不可数不清名词搭配，只与复数名词搭配。 either两者中的任何一个，跟谓语动词的单数。作形容词用，只能和单数可数名词连用，作案不定代词时，可单独使用，也可跟of短语。 neither两者中无任何一个，用法同either。六、 Repeat:1. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of theirs.2. There are so many kinds of bo

30、oks on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.3. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didnt help.4. I was disappointed with the film. I had expressed it to be much better.5. They were all very tired, but none of them would stop to take a rest.6. I hope there are eno

31、ugh glasses for each guest to have one.7. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.冠 词 篇一、a与one的对比1 尽管a和one这两个在意义上有些相似，但它们几乎不能互换使用。2 在连续记数时，习惯上，用one而不用a。3 在名词前使用one往往表示数量上的对比。4 用在某些固定词组中。e.g. all of a sudden（突然），as a matter of fact（事实上），in a hurry，in a word，do sb. a favour，pay a visit to，a hand of（少量的），a length of（一根、一段），a variety of（种种），a depth of（深度为），an article of（一件），a total of（总共），an ave