小升初英语语法形容词副词.docx

1、小升初英语语法形容词副词六、形容词、副词：1、形容词：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。1) 形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。例如：You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.（定语）Your coat is too small.（表语）The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.（宾语补足语）【注意】：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone（独自的）, afraid（害怕的）, asleep（睡着的）, awake（醒着的）,

2、alive（活的）ill等。例如：例如：She is alone.她一个人。 I am afraid of dogs. 我害怕狗。Dont wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.2) 形容词在句子中的位置：(1) 形容词作定语时通常放在名词的前面，如：a big apple(2) 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或形物代 2）数词 3）性质 4）大小 5）形状6）表示老少，新旧 7）颜色 8）事务、人的国籍、质地、用途。例如：冠词/形物代年龄/大小/形状/温度色彩来源（国籍）质地/材料目的/用途被修

3、饰的名词(中心词)athemyhisold, young,red,yellow,blue,Chinese,English, American,wooden,woolen,glass,silk,papermeeting,tennis,sports,reading,swimming,box,shoes,room,pig,long, short,round, squarebig, large,small, littlehot, cold, warm, cool【注】：冠词数量大小长短新旧国籍材料如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.

4、他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。(3) 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：Youd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room.Something serious has happened to him.(4) 表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的表示数量的

5、词组的用法。如：Hes 1.8 metres tall. (他身高1.8米。) The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.有一天，一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。I live in a building about fifty meters high. 我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。(5) 形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：They are the stud

6、ents easy to teach. 他们是很容易教的学生。We live in a house much larger than yours. 我们住的房子比你们的大得多。(6) 作表语时放在系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)(7) 作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.3) 有关形容词的用法辨析：(1) whole与all：记住两个词序： the whole + 名词； all (of) the + 名词。如：He was bus

7、y the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词)(2) tall与high, short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。如：Hes very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木) / A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)(3)

8、real与true：real一般指东西的真假, 译为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性, 译为“真实的”。如：This is a real diamond(钻石) and its very expensive. (这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵) / -Is that true? -Yes. I heard it with my own ears. (那真实吗？是的,我亲耳所听)(4) interested与interesting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语,而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。如：The man is ve

9、ry interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(这本书很有趣,你会真正获得享受) / I am interested in science.(我对自然科学感兴趣)(5) such用法：such + a(n) + 名词(单数)(+that从句)。如：I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩) / He had such a te

10、rrible accident that he could never forget it.(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故,他永远也不会忘记)(6) good与well：表示“好”时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well；表示“(身体)好”时用well.如：Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好学习,天天向上) / -How are you?I am very well.(你好吗？我很好。)(7) nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的, 可以指东西、人物

11、外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。如：Lets go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl.(他是个漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天气！) /Hes fine recently(最近).(近来他身体不错)(8) too much与much too：too much表示“太多的”, 修饰事物数量；much too表示“太过,过分”, 修饰形容词或副词。如：I am full because I have had too much rice.(我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭) /

12、 That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太贵了)(9) quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义, quick往往指反应速度快, fast往往指运动速度快, 而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃过早饭,他朝学校赶去,却把书包忘记在家) / A train is much faster than a bus.(火车比公共汽车快得多) / His father will be back to Chin

13、a very soon.(他父亲很快就要返回中国)(10) lonely与alone：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词, 意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”, 作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的, 单独的”, 指无人陪伴, 仅作表语, (作为副词的alone可作状语)。如：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.(他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独)/ He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.(他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易)(11) other与else的区别：

14、两个词都可以作形容词, 但是用法不同, other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置, 另外, or else表示“否则”, 是连词。如：The other students are on the playground.(其他学生在操场上) / Who else can work out this maths problem?(还有谁能解出着道数学题？) / This is nobody elses money. Its mine.(这不是别的什么人的钱,是我的。) / Do you have anything else to say for yoursel

15、f?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗？(12) sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语。如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.(他病了很久,现在非常虚弱) / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets owners like them.(兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物,很受宠物主人们的喜爱)(13) the poor(穷人们) / the rich(富人们) ; good / bad ; young /

16、 old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)等用法：“the+形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人, 复数含义。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我们应该尽力帮助穷人们)The rich never know how the poor are living.(有钱人哪知穷人怎么过日子)The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。The rich never help the poor in this count

17、ry. 在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。2、副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1) 副词的分类：(见下表)时间副词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,howtoo, also, yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,wherenor, so, then, early, late,always,anywhere, rather, quite,alone,whenas,

18、on,off,once, soon, just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,whyeither,tonight, long,often,in, inside, out, much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already, yet, before,sometimesback, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,howevernot, neitherago, later, ever sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly结尾的副词关系副词may

19、be,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as,where,perhaps,first, someday,ever,wherevereven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everywhere,a little, a bitwhen,2) 副词在句子中的位置以及作用：(1) 作状语： 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾, 注意, early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾, already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wal

20、l tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路) 频度副词（行前、be助情态后）：但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾, usually可放在句首, once可放在句尾, twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch

21、 at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) / Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次) 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后, suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光) 地点、方位副词：一般放在句尾, 但here、there还可放在句首。如：There

22、 you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回) 程度副词：修饰动词时, 放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时, 放在形容词或副词之前。但注意, enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活, 总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly f

23、orgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车) 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问, 位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)/ Why did

24、 little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！) 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句, 在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事) 关系副词：用

25、来引导定语从句, 在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法) 其它副词：too“也”, 用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”, 放在句尾；nor“也不”, 放在句首；so“如此, 这样”, 放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhap

26、s放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) / -Tom doesnt have a computer. Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。) (2) 作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语, 放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：Im very sorry he isnt in at the moment.(很抱歉,

27、他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)(3) 作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语, 放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20

28、年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)(4) 作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)【注意】：“动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词, 则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word. (他写下了那个词。)He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)3) 有关副词的重要注释：(1)

29、asas常构成一些词组：as soon as(一旦就), as well as(同样), as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)【注释】： “as long / much as +名词”可以表示“长达/多达”的含义。如：The house costs as much as five hundred t

30、housand yuan. (那幢房子花费高达50万元。)/They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks. (他们呆在山洞里长达两周。) (2) later、after、ago、before的用法： “一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于过去时态。 “after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”,此时两个词是介词。 ago与before：ago只能用于过去时, before用于完成时。如：He had an accident a week ago. (一周前出了一个事故)Some year

31、s later, the boy became a very famous singer. (数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)Have you been there before? (你从前到过那儿吗？)After a few years he gave up smoking. (过了几年他戒了烟。)(3) above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below, 在高低处用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高挂在空中) A plane flew over quickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)【注意】：当above、below、over、under是介词性质时, 意义相似。(4) too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾, 且用逗号隔开；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾, 也用逗号隔开；nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首；如：