高中英语语法归纳总结.docx

1、高中英语语法归纳总结高中英语语法权威解析第一章 名词性从句一 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interes

2、t me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is n

3、atural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that

4、 President Jiang will visit our school next week. （3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：Is it likely that it

5、 will rain in the evening? 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined t

6、he army. 我听说他参军了。 (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well w

7、e can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, sat

8、isfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, t

9、ake, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如： 正确表达：I admire their winning the match. 6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： 正确表达：He impressed the manager as an honest man. 7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为thi

10、nk, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is be

11、cause 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的

12、名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that t

13、he sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句

14、，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）高一英语名词性从句专项练习1_he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come

15、about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the Shenzhou V Spa

16、ceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all_. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease.A. that B. which C. of which D. of that 8. The or

17、der came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the me

18、eting_ we had enough money for our research.A. that B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _he said really true?A. that B. what C. why D. whether12._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnt matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. while

19、B. if C. that D. for 14. _more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 15._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. _you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. That C. Who D.

20、 How17._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 18. _appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 2

21、0. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. WhereKeys: 15 ABABC 610 AABAC 1115 BBCAB 1620 BCBAA第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解一、It用作实词表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象 二、It用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式

22、、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式主语的常见句型： 1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为 (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obviou

23、s, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous 例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever

24、, wise, crazy. 例 Its kind of you to help me with the problem. (3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 Its no good/use doing Its (well)worth doing Its (well)worth ones while doing/to do Its (well)worth while doing/ to do 例 Its no use crying over spilt milk. 2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型 (1) It is + noun +从句 例 It is no secret that

25、the president wants to have a second term at office. (2) It is adj. +clause Its surprising that (should)竟然 Its a pity/shame that(should)竟然 例 Its important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=Its of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.) (3) It verb sb.

26、+ clause= It is v-ing + clause It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that 例It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.) (4) It verb (to sb.) that= sb/sth verb to do (verb = appear, seem, come ab

27、out, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out) It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) (5) It is v-ed that=sb/sth is to do (verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand

28、, know） 例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.) (6) It is v-ed that (should) (verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. 三、It作主语的句型 1. It takes sb. to do(

29、=sb takesto do)某人用多长时间做某事 例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.) 2. Its (just)(un)like sb. to do（不）像某人做某事的风格 例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us. 3. Its (about/high) time that should /v-ed是该做某事的时候了 例 Its(about/high) time that we should take ac

30、tion. 4. Its the x-th time (that) have v-ed第几次做某事了 例 Its the third time that he has failed the driving test. 5. It is/has been since continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了 例 Its 10 years that he lived here 6. It was(not) before过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了 例 It was not long before they arrived. 四、It 作形式宾语 用来替代作宾语的从

31、句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式宾语的常见句型： 1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep) 例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that youll do the task on your own. 2.verb+it+adj./noun(ones)doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one