六级标准阅读1120.docx

1、六级标准阅读1120第11篇(Unit3Passage3)Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetime;ifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguagesheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakeh

2、islanguagelikeotherpeople.Inthesameway,whenchildrenlearntodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaught-towalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicycle-comparethoseperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthisownmistakesforhimself,l

3、etalonecorrectthem.Wedoitallforhim.Weactasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohim,orcorrectitunlesshewasmadeto.Soonhebecomesdependentontheteacher.Lethimdoithimself.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whatansweristothatproblem,whetherthisis

4、agoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.Ifitisamatterofrightanswers,asitmaybeinmathematicsorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisownpapers.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchroutinework?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecantfindthewaytogettherightanswer.Letsendthisnonsenseofgrades,exams

5、,marks,Letusthrowthemallout,andletthechildrenlearnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustsomedaylearn,howtomeasuretheirownunderstanding,howtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.Letthemgetonwiththisjobinthewaythatseemssensibletothem.Withourhelpasschoolteachersiftheyaskforit.Theideathatthereisabodyofknowledgetobelearntats

6、choolandusedfortherestofoneslifeisnonsenseinaworldascomplicatedandrapidlychangingasours.Anxiousparentsandteacherssay,“Butsupposetheyfailtolearnsomethingessentialtheywillneedtogetintheworld?”Dontworry!Ifitisessential,theywillgooutintotheworldandlearnit.1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestwayforchildrent

7、olearnthings?A.bycopyingwhatotherpeopledo.B.bymakingmistakesandhavingthemcorrected.C.bylisteningtoexplanationsfromskilledpeople.D.byaskingagreatmanyquestions.2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkteachersdowhichtheyshouldnotdo?A.Theygivechildrencorrectanswers.B.Theypointoutchildrensmistakestothem.C.Theyallowchild

8、rentomarktheirownwork.D.Theyencouragechildrentomarktocopyfromoneanother.3.Thepassagesuggeststhatlearningtospeakandlearningtorideabicycleare_.A.notreallyimportantskills.B.moreimportantthanotherskills.C.basicallydifferentfromlearningadultskills.D.basicallythesameaslearningotherskills.4.Exams,grades,an

9、dmarksshouldbeabolishedbecausechildrensprogressshouldonlybeestimatedby_.A.educatedpersons.B.thechildrenthemselves.C.teachers.D.parents.5.Theauthorfearsthatchildrenwillgrowupintoadultswhilebeing_.A.tooindependentofothers.B.toocriticalofthemselves.C.incapabletothinkforthemselves.D.incapabletousebasics

10、kills.第11篇答案：ABDBC 第12篇(Unit3Passage4)Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute,Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowtht

11、o“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearso

12、fdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonsw

13、ouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurre

14、ntproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgro

15、wthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughout

16、theworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworldspopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000persons

17、annually.1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelongthinpowderfuseanalogy?A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberadd

18、edeachyear.D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause_.A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40.B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces.C.itwastood

19、angeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions.D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren.3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreas

20、eisabout80,000,000personseachyear.D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto_.A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture.B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650.C.findoutthecauseforrapidincrease

21、inpopulationinrecentyears.D.presentusaclearandcompletepictureofthedemographicgrowth.5.Theword“demographic”inthefirstparagraphmeans_.A.statisticsofhuman.B.surroundingsstudy.C.accumulationofhuman.D.developmentofhuman.第12篇答案：ABADA 第13篇(Unit4Passage1)Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaidthewords.W

22、ordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsif

23、welistenformorethanwords.Wedontalwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdontmeananythingexcept“Imlettingoffsomesteam.IdontreallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatImsaying.JustpayattentiontowhatImfeeling.”Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,“Th

24、isstephastobefixedbeforeIllbuy.”Theownersays,“Itsbeenlikethatforyears.”Actually,thestephasntbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idontwanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycantyou?”Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedofexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedcon

25、ditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavio

26、r.Afriendsunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays“No!”toaserialsofchargeslike“Youredumb,”“Yourelazy,”and“Youredisho

27、nest,”mayalsosay“No!”andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis“Andyouregoodlooking.”Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimpor