小学英语语法总结.docx

1、小学英语语法总结四种时态总结一、一般现在时标志词：always(总是) usually(通常) often(经常) sometimes(有时) never(从不) every(每一)行为动词词型变化形式一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化，其他人称（第一人称：I, we；第二人称：you；第三人称复数：they、my friends）动词均用原形当主语是第三人称单数时，一般动词在一般现在时句子中的变化规律：1、一般在动词后加s playplayslikelikes ,2、以s，x，sh，ch，结尾的动词加es washwashes catchcatches 3、以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i再加

2、es flyfliesstudystudies一般现在时基本用法功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。 如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。4.表示主语所具备的性格和能力。 如：He can speak English well. 构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词。 如：We stud

3、y English.我们学习英语。3.情态动词：主语+情态动词+行为动词。 如：I can swim.句型肯定句：A.be动词：主语+ be + 其它成分 He is a worker. B.行为动词：主语+动词(注意人称变化) +其它成分 We like the little cat. He likes the little cat .C. 情态动词：主语+情态动词+行为动词+其它 They can dance.否定句：A.be动词：主语+ be + not +其它成分 He is not a worker.B.行为动词：主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分(当主

4、语是第三人称单数时，变否定句时在主语后加doesnt，动词单数变原形；当主语非第三人称单数时，变否定句时只需在主语后加dont。)He doesnt like the little cat . We dont like the little cat. C. 情态动词：主语+情态动词+not+行为动词+其它They can not dance. 一般疑问句：A.be动词： Am / Is /Are +主语 + 其它成分 Is he a worker? I am a student.-Are you a student ? We are teachers.-Are you teachers?B.行

5、为动词：助动词(Do/Does)+主语+动词原形 + 其它成分Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No. I dont . Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. / No, he ( she )doesnt.C.情态动词：情态动词+主语+动词原形 + 其它成分Can they dance? Yes, they can. No, they cant.特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句A.be动词： How many students are there in your school? B.行为动词：What do you usua

6、lly do on Sunday?C.情态动词：What can you see in the picture?二现在进行时：标志词：now, look, listen，Its+时间.现在进行时: 表示正在进行的、发生的动作基本结构：主语+be(is、am、are)+ 现在分词肯定句：主语 + be动词(am, are, is)+ 现在分词（ing）+ 其他 I am watching TV.否定句：主语 + be动词+ not + 现在分词（ing）+ 其他 I am not watching TV.一般疑问句：Be动词(Am, Are, Is) + 主语 + 现在分词（ing）+ 其他 A

7、re you watching TV? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句 What are you doing？动词的-ing形式的变化规律：1.直接加-ing watchwatching cleancleaning2.以-y结尾的动词，直接加-ing studystudyingplayplaying3.以不发音的-e结尾的动词，先去-e再加-ing makemaking comecoming4.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写末尾字母，再加-ing cutcutting三、一般将来时的用法：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状

8、态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。标志词：tomorrow（明天），the day after tomorrow（后天），next （下一个），from now on（从现在开始），in the future（将来），soon（不久）等 结构：( 1 ) be（am,is ,are） +going to+动词原形 ( 2 ) will+动词原形“be going to+动词原形（打算）”=”will+动词原形（将，会）”Im going to study tomorrow. I will study tomorrow.（be going to着重于事先考虑好 will 未事先考虑好）-一

9、般不用考虑肯定句：主语 + be (am, are, is) going to + 动词原形. I am going to watch TV. 主语 + will + 动词原形 They will go swimming. 否定句：主语 + be (am, are, is) not going to + 动词原形. I am not going to watch TV. 主语 + wont + 动词原形. They wont go swimming. 一般疑问句：Be (Am, Are, Is) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? Are you going to watch TV

10、? Will + 主语 + 动词原形? Will you go swimming?特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句？ When are you going to school? What will you do tomorrow?注意：will 常简略为 ll，并与主语连写在一起，如：Ill，hell，itll，well，youll，theyll。 四、一般过去时标志词：yesterday(昨天), last (上一个), this morning（今天早上），ago(以前), before (在之前), in 2002(在2002年) 等用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示

11、过去的时间状语连用。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed 如：watch-watched, cook-cooked2以不发音e结尾加d 如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave句型：1、Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is 变为was。 否

12、定（was not=wasnt）I was at home yesterday . are 变为were。 否定（were not=werent）They were at school the day before yesterday. 否定句：在 was或were后加notI was not at home yesterday . They were not at school the day before yesterday.一般疑问句：把was或were调到句首。(注意人称的变化)Were you at home yesterday? Were they at school the da

13、y before yesterday?2、行为动词在一般过去时中的变化否定句：didnt + 动词原形 如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加Did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形 如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：（1）疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ 如: What did Jim do yesterday?（2）疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？ 如：Who went t home yesterday?附录：小学常用不规则动词过去式一、不规则动词的过去式的构成1把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如： beginb

14、egan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam 2把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如： drivedrove，riderode，writewrote 3改动词原形中的aw ow为ew，变成过去式。如： drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词show除外，showshowed） 4动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如： getgot，forgetforgot 5动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如： feedfed，meetmet 6动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如

15、： keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept 7动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如： breakbroke，speakspoke 8动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如： sellsold，telltold 9动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如： standstood，understandunderstood 10以ought和aught结尾，且读音是 :t的过去式。如： bringbrought，buy bought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught 11以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如： ca

16、ncould，shallshould，willwould 12把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如： comecame，becomebecame 13在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如： hear h(r)heard h:d， sayseisaidsed，meanmi:nmeantment 14动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如： letlet，mustmust，putput，readreadred 二不规则动词表原形 过去式 中文释义am was 是（表示存在、状态等）are were 是（表示存在、状态等）become became 成为；变成begin began 开始bre

17、ak broke 打破bring brought 拿来；取来；带来build built 构筑；建造；建筑buy bought 购买；买can could 可以；能；可能；会catch caught 赶上（车船等）；捕获come came 来；来到cut cut 切；割；削；剪do/does did 做；干；行动draw drew 画drink drank 喝；饮drive drove 开车；驾驶eat ate 吃feel felt 感到；觉得find found 寻找；查找fly flew 飞行forget forgot 忘记；忘却get got 变得give gave 给；授予go wen

18、t 去have/has had 得（病）；患（病）；有；吃；饮hear heard 听见；听说hide hid 隐藏is was 是（表示存在、状态等）keep kept 保持；使保持某种状态know knew 知道；了解leave left 离去；出发let let 允许；让lose lost 失去；丧失make made 使；促使；迫使；做；制作may might 可能；可以mean meant 表示的意思；作的解释meet met 遇见；相逢put put 放；摆；装read read /e/ 读；阅读ride rode 骑ring rang （铃）响rise rose 上升run ra

19、n 跑；奔跑say said 说；讲see saw 看见send sent 发送；寄；派；遣set set 放, 置shut shut 关上（门、盖、窗户等）sing sang 唱；唱歌sit sat 坐sleep slept 睡；睡觉speak spoke 说；说话swim swam 游泳take took 搭乘；花费（时间）；拿走；带到teach taught 教；讲授tell told 告诉；讲述think thought 想；思考will would 将要win won 赢；获胜write wrote 书写小学英语语法（词性）总结一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法：当两种物体之间相

20、互比较时，我们要用形容词或副词的比较级；当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时，用形容词或副词的最高级。比较级 二者比较，标志词：than最高级 三者以上比较，标志词：the 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律：1)一般情况加er、est. taller/tallest2)以e结尾的加r、 st. larger、largest3)以辅音字母y结尾的，变y为i再加er、est. busier 、busiest4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只用一个辅音，双写这个辅音字母再加er、est. hotter、hottest5)多音节和部分双音节词在前面加more、most. More/the most ca

21、reful6)不规则变化： good/wellbetterbest bad/illworseworst Many/muchmoremost oldolder/elderoldest/eldest littlelessleast farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest tiredmore tiredthe most tired形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法：比较级：1、形容词：物体A + am / is / are + 形容词比较级 + than + 物体BI am taller than you. This picture is more beautiful

22、than that one.2、副词：物体A + 行为动词 + 副词比较级 + than + 物体B.He studies better than me.最高级： 1、形容词：物体A + am / are / is + the + 形容词最高级 + 比较范围（of + 人/物，in + 地方）.I am the tallest in the class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.2、副词：物体A + 行为动词 + 副词最高级 + 比较范围（of + 人/物，in + 地方）.Cheetahs run fastest in t

23、he world. He studies best of us.表示两者对比相同：主语+谓语+as+形容词/副词原形+as+从句This box is as big as mine. This coat is not so/as cheap as that one. I study English as hard as my brother.英语比较级和最高级 练习（一）1.A pig is _ than a dog. wS_4 C|Y_ A. much heavy B. more heavierC much heavier D. more heavy _5S_wtDfj 2.Which is

24、 _ season in Beijing? JMD$_/Q) I think its spring. |!G_nH9 P A. good B. well C. best D. the best :Kh_EOpOK 3. The city is becoming _. ?_Fq1R6_ A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful I_7)=#a2 C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler _Z$N,#S 4.Which does Alice l

25、ike _ , Chinese or Art? _9#yu_| _ CGG!J3FNz9 A. well B. best C. better D. much d_ _4.c3 A. the longest river B. longest rivers THzE_%_W C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers n_$.bVU 6.LiMing speaks Chinese _ better than me. _zS_V_o(a( A. very B. more C. a lot of D. much .#Sy!/=Zw 7.There are_boys i

26、n ClassTwothan in Class Four. #Dat_j_| J A. more B. many C. most D. best L- scB#m 8.Who has _ oranges now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? C1_$5S)r A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most QU),R+_zB 9.Mother is _ in my family. _-QHOBmJ,E A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more B0IB$jGU_ 10.No one is _ Lucy in t

27、he class. 4=_? k_b_ A. so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. as tall as A_R4W$_ （二） 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ brightly_ -_ bably _ _ far_ _ quickly _ _ happy_ -_ unhappy_ (三)用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). 2. Gold(黄

28、金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 5. The _ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones. 6. The short one is by far _ expensive of the five. 7. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as

29、his brother. 8. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class. 9. She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house. 10. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive) 参考答案：（一）C D C C C D A D C D .bCl6V_7l. （二）longer longest wider widestfatter fattest heavier heaviestslower slowest fewer fewestmore brightly, most brightly worse, worstfurther,furthest more quickly, most quicklyhappier happiest unhappier unhappiest（三）clever lessOlder young