名词性从句.docx

1、名词性从句名词性从句概述：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，这类从句乂可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。2.名词性从句连接词1连词（只起连接作用，不做成分）that没有实在意义，whether翻译为“是否”，可以引导各类需词性从句，可以和Or,or not连用if翻译为“是否”，多引导宾语从句。注意if跟whether的区別。注：if “如果”还可以引导条件状语从句。as if /though翻译为“好像”，在名词性从句中只能引导表语从句。注：as if/though “好像”还可以引导方式状语从句。because翻译为“因为”，在名词性从句

2、中只能引导表语从句。注：because 因为还可以引导原因状语从句。2连接代词（既起连接作用，而且充当句子成分都有各自的含义）who“谁”在从句中作主语，表语。可引导各类名词性从句whom“谁”在从句中作宾语。可引导各类词性从句which“（特定范圉内的）哪一个/些”在从句中充当主语，宾语，世语。不引导 同位语从句。what“什么,什么样的”有疑问含义。在从句中充当主语，表语，宾语，立语。 可以引导各类需词性从句“所.的”或“的事物/东西/人/样子/地方等”。无疑问含义， 在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。一般不引导同位语从句“多少”提问“价格，人口等”whose“谁的”在从句中作定语。多引导宾语从

3、句。whoever“无论谁”无疑问含义。在从句中作主语，表语。引导爼词性从句时在含 义上相当于anyone who注：还可以引导让步状语从句。此时可与nomatterwho互换whomever“无论谁”无疑问含义。在从句中作宾语。引导拿词性从句时在含义上相 当于 anyone whowhichever“（特定范例内的）无论哪一个/一些”无疑问含义。在从句中作宾语，左whatever“无论什么”无疑问含义。在从句中作主语，表语，宾语，定语。引导名 词性从句时在含以上相当于anything that注：还可以引导让步状语从句。此时nPj no matter what互换3连接副词（既起连接作用，而

4、且充当句子成分都有各自的含义）when“什么时候”有疑问含义。在从句中作时间状语。可引导各类名词性从句。“.的时候”无疑问含义。在从句中作时间状语Where“哪儿有疑问含义。在从句中作地点状语。可引导各类名词性从句。“的地方”无疑问含义。在从句中作地点状语。why“为什么”有疑问含义。在从句中作原因状语。可引导各类名词性从句。“.的原因”无疑问含义。在从句中作原因状语。how“多么”后接形容词，副词。“怎么样，如何”修饰动词，说明动作实行的方式。how many“多少”后接可数名词how much“多少”后接不可数洛词how longt多长”指时间，回答叮用“for+-段时间”how soon

5、“多快”指时间，回答叮用“in+段时间”how far“多远”指路程或距离how fast“多快”指速度whenever“无论何时”无疑问含义注：还可以引导让步状语从句。此时可与nomatterwhen互换wherever“无论哪儿”无疑问含义注：还可以引导让步状语从句。此时可与no matter where互换however“无论什么”无疑问含义注：还可以引导让步状语从句。此时nPj no matter how互换三-在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。4.if, whether的区别1.引导主语从句时，如果主语从句放在句首，只能用whether不能用if引导，但 是

6、如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.2.引导宾语从句时常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder之后，讦和whether均可。 少数动词，如：leave, put, discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether, o3在介词后面的宾语从句中，在表语从句、同位语从句中，表是否”，只能用 whether：和if都可以和or not连用，但是whether之后可以直接跟or not,而if不可以。I dont know whether or not I will stay.（只能用 whether）5.在不定式前只能用whether.如：lea

7、n t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。5.与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气 的构成是should +动词原形或省去should,直接用动词原形。A.名词性从句以考查引导词为主，同时考査时态，语序，与其它从句的区别以及混同虚拟语气的考査。-主语从句i主语从句定义：在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句。That he will succeed is certain.Whether wild lif can be well protected is of great importance.Who will go makes no

8、different.Which kind of food is the best is still not certain.What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.Whoever comes is welcome.How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.Where he hid the monev is to be found out.

9、Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.2主语从句引导词按照在句中是否做成分主要分为三类：连词that、whether, if连接代词、连接副词。(2)山连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义，在句中不做成分,引导主语从句的连词that的省略：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略；若在句首使用了形式主语it, that引导的主语从句置后，则that可以省略。That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。That you are so indifferent

10、 bothers me你如此冷淡使我很烦恼。That she survived the accident is a miracle.她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。That you didnt go to the talk was a pity.很遗憾你没去听报告。（that 不可省）It was a pity （that） you didnt go to the talk.很遗憾你没去听报告。（that 可省）(2)山连词whether引导的主语从句：whether有含义是否，在句中不做成分，不可以省。whether可以和ornot连用。Whether it will do us harm r

11、emains to be seen.是否对我们有害还要看一看。Whether they would support us was a problem.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.她来不来都无关紧要。(3)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.（对）It was doubtful if Mary really heard hi

12、m.（对）If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.（错）（4）连接代词引导的主语从句：连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever; whichever, whatever在句子起名词性作用，担当一定成分。 不能省略。Who killed the scientist remains a question.Whom she borrowed money from still puzzled him.Which side will win is not clear.What you need

13、 is more practice.你所需要的是更多的训练。What I want to know is this.我想知道的就是这事。Whatever he did is right.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.（主语从句）=Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.（定语从句）比较：Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.（让步状语从句）=No matter who breaks the lawr he should be punished.（

14、止步状语从句）（4）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句（其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。）Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasnt been made pubic他们什么时候来还不知道。How it was done was a mystery.这是怎样做的是一个谜。3主语从句注意事项（1）为了避免主语冗长，句子头重脚轻,经常用it做形式主语而将主语从句置后（尤其是当谓语较短时）。That light travels in straight lines is known to

15、 all光沿直线传播这是众所周知的爭。=lt is known to all that light travels in straight linws众所周知光沿直线传播。 Whether they would sup port us was a p roblem.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。=lt was a problem whether they would support us.When the plane is to take off has not been announced. IS机何时起飞还没有宣布。=It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.还没有宣布飞机何时起飞。（2）如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构Has it been settled who will be sent to carry out the task谁将被