职称英语考试理工类a级补全短文.docx

1、职称英语考试理工类a级补全短文2014年职称英语考试理工类a级补全短文The French surprised even themselves when they banned tobacco ads three years ago, and created smoke-free zones in public spaces. Even then, _(1)_ seemed a little too American. Now some French lawmakers are preparing to end the act as reform that simply cant work i

2、n a country _(2)_.Law or no law, smokers and nonsmokers mingle _(3)_, whose owners generally ignore requirements to create separate no-smoking sections. French smokers _(4)_, in hospitals and directly under no -smoking signs. There are stiff fines for violating the smoke-free areas, but they are nev

3、er imposed. We have more important things to do, says a Paris official.The 1992 laws most controversial provision is the tobacco-ad ban. An exception has been made for motor sports, which are underwritten by tobacco firms. And fans shouted angrily when French TV blacked out a soccer game from abroad

4、 because of secondary tobacco and liquor ads at the local stadium. Still, those _(5)_ credit the ad ban for a 15 percent drop in smoking among French teens in the last three years.EXERCISE:A) without apparent friction in Paris caf and restaurantsB) light up in train stationsC) doing great harm to th

5、e smokers healthD) the attempt to legislate good healthE) who are against smokingF) that has always aided lifes petty vicesKEY:D F A B EWhen a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would

6、 rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would radiate light and change color with the push of a button. Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught by electrical impulse while we sleep. Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the ye

7、ar 2000? Actually, _ and the question was, what will life be like in 1978?The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked to predict accurately. By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politi

8、cians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: _, but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in airbuses, large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he

9、could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents almost unheard of. Does that sound familiar? If the expert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. His subject was The city of 1982.If the professionals sometimes sound l

10、ike high-school students, its probably because _. But economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, had been around for a long time. It should be accurate, and generally it is. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too. In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent

11、future for the stock market. In October of that year, _, ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers.One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant errors. In 1957, H.J. Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the y

12、ear 2000, Only one thing is certain, he answered. Children born today _. A. the stock market had its worst losses everB. will have reached the age of 43C. the article was written in 1958D. Cities of the future would not be crowdedE. the prediction of the future is generally accurateF. future study i

13、s still a new fieldKey:CDFABSupermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines, that ordinarily emphasizes price in either an offensive or defensive way. As a method, supermarket retailing features several related p

14、roduct lines, a high degree of self-service, largely centralized checkout, and competitive prices. The supermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise, _(1)_.The term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field. Most supermarkets emphasi

15、ze price. Some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers. Other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage. Since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins, they need high levels of inventory turnover

16、 to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital.Supermarkets originates in the early 1930s. They were established by independents _(2)_. Supermarkets were an immediate success, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. In recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines t

17、o provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins.Today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing. However, different names are used to distinguish these institutions _(3)_:A superstore is a larger version of the supe

18、rmarket. It offers more grocery and nonfood items _(4)_. Many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction.Combination stores are usually even larger than superstore. They, too, offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a la

19、rge drugstore. Some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as Kroger and Sav-on.For many years the supermarket has been under attack from numerous competitors. For example, a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also vario

20、us types of institutions (warehouse stores, gourmet shops, meat and fish markets, and convenience stores). Supermarkets have reacted to competitive pressures _(5)_: Some cut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services. Others expanded

21、their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores), groceries attuned to a particular market area (foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group, for example), and various service departments (including video rentals, restaurants, delicatessens, fi

22、nancial institutions, and pharmacies).A by size and assortmentB than a conventional supermarket doesC including building materials, office products, and, of course, groceriesD attracting more customers with their low pricesE primarily in either of two waysF to compete with grocery chainsKEYS: CFABEP

23、ublic relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image.Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, _(1)_. Since public relations involves communications with stockho

24、lders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations d

25、epartment or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences. _(2)_, this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix.Publicity may be in the form of news releases _(3)

26、_. Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department, as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising. Furthermore, _(4)_; some can result from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downrig

27、ht ill-advised.The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function, whether within the company or an outside firm, can take care of public image problems and opportunities. Many factors impact on the public image. Many of these have to do with

28、the way the firm does business, _ (5)_. Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events, and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.EXERCISE;A) that ha

29、ve favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations departmentB) not all publicity is initiated by the firmC) usually in the form of press releases or press conferencesD) such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, and the tenor of the advertisingE) wh

30、at it means to the company isF) Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public imageKEY: C F A B DAlbert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as Person of the Century by

31、 Time magazine on Sunday.A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent_(1)_the flowering of 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology.The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in hist

32、ory. The reason is not political or economic, but technological-technologies_(2)_, wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einsteins significance. Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein.Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in