高考英语试题专项解析5动词的时态和语态.docx

1、高考英语试题专项解析5动词的时态和语态2013-2018年高考英语试题专项解析5【动词的时态和语态】2018年高考题1.【2018北京】1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在

2、这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等。2.【2018北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A

3、. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked【答案】B点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。3.【2018北京】7. Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000

4、公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。点睛：现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的。常见的时间状语有：since + 时间点/从句，for two months，so far，recently，in the past/last few days等。4.【2018北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for

5、two days.A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped【答案】D点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。5.【2018天津】13. My washing machine _this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repaired B. is repairedC. is being repaired

6、 D. has been repaired【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。点睛：本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道，4个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A是过去时；选项B是一般现在时的被动；选项C是现在进行时；选项D是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析，最终判断出最佳答案。6.【2018江苏】31. Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-mailingeachother,

7、forwe _ more convenient electronic communicationtoolsbythen.A. have developed B. haddevelopedC. willhavedeveloped D. developed【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的

8、时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语in 2025和by then，从而得出答案。 7.【2018江苏】30. Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan_ inthepast two years.A. hadbeencarriedout B. would be carried outC. isbeingcarriedout D. has been carried out【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何

9、执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语last month和in the past two years，从而得出答案。2017年高考题【2017天津卷】8. I _down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.A. was dr

10、iving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove【答案】A考点：考查动词时态。【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did . 这时一个常用固定句型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was / were about to do + when did ; had done + when + did 。 在这三个句型中，when引导的并列句，意为：就在这时（那时）突然.。【2017江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once lo

11、oking back to see if he _.A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。考点：时态和语态【2017江苏卷】31.Hes been informed that he _ for the scholarship because of

12、 his academic background.A. hasnt qualified B. hadnt qualified C. doesnt qualify D. wasnt qualifying 【答案】C考点：考查动词的时态【2017北京卷】33. People_ better access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result.A. will have B. have C. had D. had had【答案】B试题分析：句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对

13、比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。考点：考查时态。【2017北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ yet. A. havent invented B. havent been invented C. hadnt invented D. hadnt been invented【答案】D试题分析：句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还

14、根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。考点：考查时态语态。【2017北京卷】24. _ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes. They are happy with it.A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling【答案】A试题分析：句意：-你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？-打了，他

15、们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。考点：考查时态。2016年高考题1.【2016北京】21. Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred.A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work【答案】C考点：考查时态【名师点睛】一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing) 二、过去进行时的用法：1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。例如：At this moment yes

16、terday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正

17、下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。例如：One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源。2.【2016北京】23. Excuse me, whic

18、h movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We _ here for more than two hours.A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting【答案】D【解析】试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？星球大战，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下

19、：1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。-Hi, Tracy, you look tired. -I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。I have been waiting you for about one hour.。(说话时等的动作刚结束)She has been working

20、all night long.3. 表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停） Weve been discussing the matter several times this year. I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.3.【2016北京】25. I _ half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read【答案】B考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成时基本

21、用法：1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long.例如：It has been five year

22、s since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。3、现在完成时需注意的问题：1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误） He has been in the army

23、 for five years.(正确)注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别： have/has been to 去过某地，现在已经回来； have/has

24、gone to 去了某地，在去的路上或已经在那里。4比较一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用。I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up s

25、o early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）现在完成时考点分析：现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成时Thi

26、s(That / It)is the only + that + 完成时This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.4.

27、【2016北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded【答案】D考点：考查时态和语态【名师点睛】一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or w

28、ater.表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别： A shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。B be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine,

29、we are going to go fishing.(错误)C be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.D be about to do sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事”，通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用，构成常考句型：sb was about to do when sb did sth。 Autumn harvest is about to start.被动语态的构成一般式进行式完成式现在时am/is/are+

30、p.pam/is/are+being+ p.phave/has+been + p.p过去时was/were+ p.pwas/were+being+ p.phad +been + p.p将来时shall/will+be+p.pshall/will+have been+ p.p注意：含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态：由“情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式构成。含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态：其构成为“be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式”。5.【2016江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, _in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made【答案】B考点：考查时态语态6.【2016江苏】29.Dashan, who_crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, w