哈工大考博英语真题讲解学习.docx

1、哈工大考博英语真题讲解学习General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D. program(Harbin Institute of Technology) 第一套Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Passage 1Questions 1-5 are bashed on the following passage. The planets last intact expanses of forest are under siege. Eight thousand years ago,

2、 forests covered more than 23 million square miles, or about 40 percent of Earths land surface. Today, almost half of those forests have fallen to the ax, the chain saw, the matchstick, or the bulldozer. A map unveiled in March by the Washington-based World Resources Institute not only shows the loc

3、ations of former forests, but also assesses the condition of todays forests worldwide. Institute researchers developed the map with the help of the World Conservation Monitoring Center, the World Wildlife Fund, and 90 forest experts at a variety of universities, government organizations, and environ

4、mental groups. Only one-fifth of the remaining forests are still “frontier forests,” defined as relatively undisturbed natural forests large enough to support all of their native species. Frontier forests offer a number of benefits: They generate and maintain biodiversity, protect watersheds, preven

5、t flooding and soil erosion, and stabilize climate. Many large areas that have traditionally been classified as forest land dont qualify as “frontier” because of human influences such as fire suppression and a patchwork of logging. “Theres surprisingly little intact forest left,” says research assoc

6、iate Dirk Bryant, the principal author of the report that accompanies the new map. In the report, Bryant, Daniel Nielsen, and Laura Tangley divide the world into four groups:76 countries that have lost all of their frontier forest; 11 nations that are “on the edge”; 28 countries with “not much time”

7、; and only eight-including Canada, Russia, and Brazil-that still have a “great opportunity” to keep most of their original forest. The United States is among the nations said to be running out of time: In the lower 48 states, says Bryant, “great opportunity” to keep most of their original forest. Th

8、e United States is among the nations said to be running out of time: In the lower48 states, says Bryant, “only 1 percent of the forest that was once there as frontier forest qualifies today.”Logging poses the biggest single threat to remaining frontier forests. “Our results suggest that 70 percent o

9、f frontier forests under threat are threatened by logging,” says Bryant. The practice of cutting timber also creates roads that cause erosion and open the forest to hunting, mining, firewood gathering, and land clearing for farms.What can protect frontier forests? The researchers recommend combining

10、 preservation with sustainable land use practices such as tourism and selective timber extraction. “Its possible to restore frontiers,” says Bryant, “but the cost and time required to do so would suggest that the smart approach is to husband the remaining frontier forest before its gone.”1. What is

11、the main idea of the passage?A. The present situation of frontier forest on Earth.B. The history of ecology.C. The forest map in the past.D. Beautiful forests in different parts of the world.2. The word “unveiled” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.A. evaluated B. decoratedC. designed D. made

12、 public3. Frontier forests have which of the following benefits?A. They keep climate stable.B. They enhance timber industry.C. They provide people with unique scenery.D. They are of various types.4. The phrase “on the edge” in Paragraph 5 probably means_.A surrounded by frontier forest B near fronti

13、er forestC about to lose their frontier forest D under pressure5. According to the passage, roads created by timber-cutting make it possible for people to_. A travel to other places through the short cutB exploit more forest land C find directions easily D protect former forestsPassage 2Questions 6-

14、10 are based on the following passage.（2005年9月PETS3真题）To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived the cellophane wrapper has to be torn off, the lip opened and removed; the lid opened and the paper remo

15、ved; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries: it is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper.The package itself is of no interest to the

16、 shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. Useless wrapping accounts for much of the refuse put our by the average London household each week. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging is using up s