高考英语专题复习时态.docx

1、高考英语专题复习时态英语动词时态(Tenses)英语各种时态构成表：以play为例：一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时dobe doinghave donehave been doing现在playplaysam is playingare has playedhavehas been playinghave过去playedwas playingwerehad playedhad been playing将来shall playwillshall be playingwill shall have playedwill shall have been playingwill过去将来should

2、 playwouldshould be playingwouldshould have playedwould should have been playingwould一、一般现在时：动词原形1构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。（1）直接加 “s”-works, takes, makes, needs（2）以辅音“y”结尾，把“y”改为“i”，再加“es”-carry carries ; try tries（3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es” -goes dresses watches brushes 2功能：（1）表现在的事实、状态或动作：eg: . Bi

3、rds fly. . She loves music. . Marys parents get up very early. （2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与seldom, occasionally, frequently, sometimes, usually, often, always, every week等时间副词连用。eg: . I always take a walk after supper. . She writes to me very often. . Tom and his girlfriend go out to take a picnic occasionally.

4、（3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实：. The earth moves around the sun. . The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. . Two and two makes four. （4）表将来： 在由when, after, before, as, as soon as, although, because, if, even if, in case, till, until, unless, so long as(只要), where, whatever, wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作

5、。“主将从现”例如： . Ill tell her when she comes tomorrow. . Even if it rains this afternoon, Ill meet you. Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. . Ill be right here waiting for you wherever you go. 小测1. The Browns _ a nice car and Browns brother _ a nice jeep. A. have / have B. has / has C. have /

6、 has D. has / have 2. If their house _ not like ours, what _ it look like? A. is / is B. is / does C. does / does D. does / is 3. - _ you think he will come? - If it _ tomorrow, he will not come. A. Do / rains B. Are / rains C. Do / will rain D. Are / will rain 4. The little child _ not even know th

7、at the moon _ around the earth. A. do / move B. do / moves C. does / moves D. did / moved 5. Many a student _ fond of films, but a good student seldom _ to the cinema A. are / goes B. is / goes C. are / go D. is / go 6. The girl even wont have her lunch before she _ her homework. A. will finish B. i

8、s finishing C. had finished D. finishes 二、现在进行时：is / am / are + 现在分词1表示现在正在进行的动作。如. The kettle is boiling. Shall I make tea? . Dont you think you eat too much? Youre putting on weight. . The workers are building a new bridge across the river. 2表现阶段正进行的动作。. He is taking physics this semester. We are

9、preparing for our final examination this week. 3go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc. 用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。 . Look! The bus is coming.看！车来了！. The old man is seriously ill, and he is dying. . Alice is leaving for Beijing with her mother.4与 always, forever, continually, const

10、antly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。. He is always thinking of others.（他总是想着别人。）. The boy is continually making noises.（这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。）. The teacher is constantly (always) criticizing her for being late.（老师一直在批评她迟到。）小测1. How can you _ if you are not _ ? A. listening / hearing B. hear / listening C. be liste

11、ning / heard D. be hearing / listening to 2. Those who have applied for the post（职位）_ in the office. A. are being interviewed B. are interviewing C. interviewing D. to be interviewing 3. If he _, dont wake him up. A. still sleeps B. is still sleeping C. still has been sleeping D. will be sleeping st

12、ill 三一般过去时：动词过去式1表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。. We visited the school last spring. I went to school by bike when I was in middle school. . China was founded in 1949. 2一般现在时和一般过去时的几组差异： Her brother is a chemist.（尚健在） Her brother was a chemist.（已去世） Thats all I have to say.（言之未尽） Thats all I had to say.（话

13、已说完） It is so nice to see you.（见面时用） It was so nice to see you.（离别时用） Jane has done a lot of work this morning.（仍是上午）本句现在完成时 Jane did a lot of work this morning.（已是当天下午或晚上） 小测1 （用所给动词的正确时态填空）。1. Yesterday I _ (think) that you were not in Beijing. 2. Alice usually _ (sit) in the front of the classroo

14、m, but she _ (sit) at the back this morning. 3. He _ (tell) the news to us three days ago. 4. He_ (begin) to teach Chinese in 1990. 5. She would not telephone me if she _ (have) no time. 小测21. They _ the trip until the rain stopped. A. continued B. didnt continue C. hadnt continued D. would continue

15、 2. It was not until then that I came to know that the earth _ around the sun. A. moved B. has moved C. will move D. moves 3. When all those present（到场者）_ he began his lecture. A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seated 四过去进行时：were / was + 现在分词。1表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。. I was playing chess at 8 yesterday ev

16、ening. . When I arrived, they were watching TV. . They were doing housework this time last week. 2用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。. She told me to wake him up if she was sleeping. . I asked my friend to warn me about it as long as I was driving too fast. 小测1. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himsel

17、f.A. fell / was riding B. fell / were riding C. had fallen / rode D. had fallen / was riding 2. He _ his legs as he _ in a football match. A. broke / played B. was breaking / was playing C. broke / was playing D. was breaking / played 3. My father will be here tomorrow.I thought that he _ today. A.

18、was corning B. is coming C. will come D. comes 4. Jack was going out of the shop when he collided with an old woman who _ in. A. come B. was coming C. had been coming D. had come 5. Lucy couldnt come to the telephone when Mr. Smith called her because she _ in the lab. A. had been working B. has been

19、 working C. was working D. worked 五现在完成时：have / has + 过去分词1表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet, just, before, recently, lately（最近）, ever, never等表时间的副词搭配使用。 He hasnt seen her lately. I havent finished the book yet. 2表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：so far（迄今为止），up till now（直到现在），since, for a

20、long time（很长时间），up to present（直到现在），in the past / in the last few years（在过去的几年里），these days（目前） . He has worked here for 15 years. . I have studied English since I came here. The foreigner has been away from China for a long time. . So far, I havent received a single letter from my brother. 3某些非延续性动

21、词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。要点：I常见的非延续动词：die, arrive（到达）, join（加入）, leave（离开）, go, refuse（拒 绝）, fail（失败）, finish, buy, marry, divorce（离婚）, awake（醒）, buy, borrow, lend.II这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。III但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 She has gone away for a month.（误） She has been aw

22、ay for a month （正） The man has died for two years.（误） The man has been dead for two years.（正） How long have you bought the book?（误） How long have you got the book.（正）4注意 since的用法：. They havent had any trouble since they came here. It has been ten years since we met last time. . He has been here sinc

23、e 1980. . He has been here since ten years ago.5几组对比：He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。 He has been to Shanghai. 他去过上海。She has gone. 她已走了。 She is gone. 她缺席了。（or她死了。）The door has been closed. 门关上了。（动作）The door is closed. 门是关着的。（状态）小测1. The prices _ going up all the time in the past few years. A. keep B

24、. kept C. have kept D. are keeping 2. For the whole period of two months, there _ no rain in this area. A. is B. will be C. has been D. have been 3. Today is Janes wedding day. She _ John. A. have just married with B. was just married to C. has just been married to D. just has been married to 4. No

25、wonder the flower have withered, they _ any water for ages.A. hadnt B. havent C. havent had D. hadnt had 5. Nowadays computer _ a wide application with the development of production and science. A. found B. has found C. finds D. had found 六现在完成进行时：have / has + been + 现在分词 1表示从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在且可能延续下去

26、的动作。. Ive been waiting for an hour but she hasnt come. . He has been running after her for 8 years.（run after: 追求）2表某种感情色彩。. Ive been wanting to see you for so many years. . Whos been telling you such nonsense? 释惑要点：现在完成时与现在完成进行时的对比：现在完成时强调“结果”，而完成进行时强调“动作的延续”。. I have thought of it.（我已想到了这一点。）. I h

27、ave been thinking of it.（我一直在想这一点。）. Jim has painted the door.（杰姆已将门油漆过了。）. Jim has been painting the door.（杰姆一直在油漆门。）小测1. They _ us since five oclock this morning. A. are helping B. have been helping C. have been helped D. have helped 2. I _ the book the whole day, yet I havent finished it. A. have

28、 been reading B. have read C. am reading D. had been reading 3. Please come in. We _ about your paper. A. talk B. had been talking C. have been talking D. would have talked 4. Such natural resources as coal and petroleum _. A. gradually are exhausted B. are being gradually exhausted C. have graduall

29、y exhausting D. have been exhausting gradually 5. It _ almost every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rained C. rains D. has been raining 用所给动词正确时态填空。1. You should go to bed. You _ (watch) TV for 5 hours. 2. I _ (write) letters since breakfast. 3. I _ (write) 3 letters since breakfast. 4. Sorry, but Mr. Smith _ (leave) for Beijing.5. I _ (look) for him everywhere, where can he be? 七过去完成时：had + 过去分词1表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作。“过去的过去”。 They had got everything ready before I came. The play had begun before I got to the theater with my boyfriend. 2过去完成时常用于 hardly / scarcely .