写作句修炼.docx

1、写作句修炼引入写作背景首段第1句“现在”简单句句型为：Nowadays,学习开始啦！15句逻辑框架真经之第1句，引入写作背景。我们有无数种句型和方式来写首句，但是贪多嚼不烂，精练2种句型即可在考场上快速准确下笔，应对所有考题。首句写作的要点是简洁、无错。你喜欢看啰啰嗦嗦、花里胡哨的前沿背景介绍吗？首句第一种：“现在”简单句。句型为：Nowadays,现在，全球化趋势日渐明显。Nowadays, the trend of globalization is becoming increasingly prominent.Nowadays可以用currently 或是 recently 替换。is

2、becoming 可以用 has become 替换。become 的过去分词还是become。Prominent 可以用evident、obvious或是clear 替换。现在，老年人口越来越多。Nowadays, the population of elder people is growing larger and larger.Population 在这里比用number 好。注意large 侧重“数量、程度”；而 big 侧重“体积、块头”。最近，远程教学变得越来越流行。Recently, distance learning has become more and more popu

3、lar.讲解下划线可以用E-learning, online study替换。最近几年，文化艺术在我们的生活中起到越来越重要的作用。In recent years, culture and art have played an increasingly important role in our life.讲解culture 指“文化”总称时不可数；指“不同的文化”可数，如different cultures。主语是并列结构时，谓语动词通常用复数。our life中life指“生活”，通常不可数。指“生命，生活方式”时，可数。现在，一些发达国家花很多钱发展太空旅游。参考答案Currently,

4、 some advanced countries have spent a great deal of money in developing space tourism.讲解注意spend 的过去分词是spent。注意词组：spend time/money on sth./in doing sth.2.交代辩论 首段第2句-whether从句Whether从句精练2种whether从句即可在考场上快速下笔，应对所有考题。从句写作是考生最易犯错失分的地方，应格外小心仔细。切记口诀：you can you up, no can no bb.句型第一种：However, whetheris a h

5、ot issue.句型第二种：Discussion now centres on whether注意whether不要写成weather。但是，是否手机带来的坏处多于好处，导致了激烈的争议。参考答案However, whether mobile phones bring more disadvantages than advantages is a hot issue.讲解注意下划线部分为主语从句，whether后面主谓宾完整。但是，是否大学应该强调职场技能的培训，这是一个热点话题。参考答案However, whether universities should give top priori

6、ty to providing job-related skills is a hot issue.注意句中to是介词，不是不定时。但是，是否提升油价就能促进环保，导致了激烈的争议。参考答案However, whether raising the fuel price can promote environmental protection is a hot issue.讲解试试用Discussion now centres on whether来改写？ 但是，是否科技发展加速了贫富分化，这是一个热点话题。However, discussion now centres on whether t

7、he technology development accelerates the polarization between the rich and the poor.讲解注意whether 在这里引导介词on 后面的宾语从句。“加速贫富分化”也可以翻译成：widens the gap between the rich and the poor.但是，是否野生动物被过度保护，这是一个热点话题。参考答案However, discussion now centres on whether wild animals have been overprotected.讲解注意被动语态的使用。3.表达自

8、己全文立场首段第3句-表语从句 My view is that只需练熟一种表语从句：My view is that即可。当然你可以写成：From my point of view, I firmly believe that。句型没错，有凑字数的优势，但不精简。我的观点是，A比B更重要。My view is that A is more important than B.讲解下划线部分可以省略。我的观点是，A不能完全取代B。My view is that A cannot completely replace B.讲解注意cannot的连写，正式。注意副词completely的位置，放在句末也

9、可以。我的观点是，这两种方式都有价值。参考答案My view is that both ways have their own values.讲解注意value可数。Show positive life values 表达积极的人生观价值。我的观点是，这种方法可能在短期内是有效果的。参考答案My view is that this method may be effective in the short term. 讲解注意反义词：in the long term/run。我的观点是，这不仅仅是政府的责任。参考答案My view is that this cannot be the respo

10、nsibility of the government alone.讲解也可翻译为：My view is that this is not only the governments responsibility.主体段首句-中心句抽象、简洁、鲜明的，不宜过于复杂、具体中心句应该是抽象、简洁、鲜明的，不宜过于复杂、具体。所以我们可以直接用简单句写出主体段第1句，即该段中心句。当然也可以选择经典主语从句：firstly, it is clear that; 这个句型和直接写简单句相比，虽然冲击力不够，但贡献了全篇作文的语法复杂性和字数。多元文化社会有助于促进经济繁荣。参考答案The multicu

11、ltural society contributes to promoting the economic prosperity.讲解Contribute to 后面加名词或动名词。Make contributions to 后一样加名词形式。还可以翻译成：helps (to) prosper the economy,注意prosper 做动词，指“使繁荣：。政府可以大力发展低碳经济。参考答案Governments can make great efforts to develop low-carbon economy.讲解注意low-carbon一词在环保类作文中的使用。Low-carbon

12、lifestyle, low-carbon technology, low-carbon society.激烈的现代职场竞争是一个诱因（contributing factor）.参考答案The fierce competition in the modern job market is a contributing factor.讲解The fierce competition 可以用 the keen competition 替换。首先，很显然，博物馆起到收藏保存文物的功能。参考答案Firstly, it is clear that museums play a role in collec

13、ting an preserving historic relics.讲解学习relic 一词。下划线部分可省略；直接变成简单句。首先，很显然，远程教学更加便利和灵活。参考答案Firstly, it is obvious that distance learning is more convenient and flexible.讲解下划线部分是该句真正的主语，因为太长，为避免头重脚轻，所以放在了后面。前面增加了形式主语it。5.主体段论证句-原因论证This is because中心句之后，需要具体、详实的展开，或用复杂的逻辑关系来解释、说明、支持中心。这时候就是各种从句大显身手的时机。我总

14、结了13种论证功能句型，希望大家能逐一学习掌握，不仅雅思写作无忧，将来留学论文也会受益无穷。句型：this is because这是因为建筑风格反映了一个名族的文化特点和历史习俗。参考答案This is because architectural style can reflect the cultural characteristics and historic customs of a nation.讲解注意下划线部分不能用because 代替。这是因为低碳经济是一种对环境友好的、可持续发展的模式。This is because low-carbon economy is an eco-f

15、riendly and sustainable development model.讲解economy不可数；economics指“经济学”。这是因为外企不仅能带来资金，还能带来先进技术和管理经验。参考答案This is because foreign companies can bring not only funds but also advanced technologies and management experiences.讲解注意not onlybut also后面的语法成分一致。这是因为获得医疗保障是每个公民和纳税人的基本权利。参考答案This is because recei

16、ving health care is the basic right of every citizen and taxpayer.讲解注意every 后面的名词可加可数名词单数。这是因为孩子有很强烈的好奇心和模仿能力，而且不能区分对错。参考答案This is because children have strong curiosity and imitation ability and they cannot distinguish right from wrong.讲解注意细微差别：distinguish A from B, 指 A 是所选的，B 是摒弃掉的。而distinguish be

17、tween A and B,指A和B都是要区分识别的，平级。6.主体段论证句-结果论证主体段展开-结果论证This means that 中心句表达意思之后，承接推导下来会导致什么样的结果？和原因论证的思维方向相反，我们可以构思写出结果论证，或推导论证。句型：this means that这意味着人们之间的感情纽带会越来越弱。参考答案This means that the emotional bonds among people will become weaker and weaker.讲解学习family bonds,亲情。这意味着父母可能会经常加班，陪孩子一起玩耍的时间减少。参考答案Th

18、is means that parents may often work overtime and have less time to play with their children.讲解注意并列结构的准确性。这意味着科技会促进生产力提高，进而创造更多的社会财富。参考答案This means that the technology can promote the productivity and then create more social wealth.“进而”也可以用非限制性定语从句which 来表达递进。这意味着改变不是一个个人的选择，而是一个无法逃避的生活现实。参考答案This m

19、eans that changes is not a personal option, but an inescapable fact of life. 讲解：来自剑6168页，官方范文。这意味着幸福没有一个客观的判断指标，而只是一个人的主观感受。参考答案This means that there are no objective criteria of happiness, but only a persons subjective feelings.讲解注意criteria 是复数名词，因此用there are7.主体段论证句-反向论证主体段展开-反向论证If (not) , 中心句之后，

20、如果原因、结果都很难有思路，我们可以试试反向论证。拓展思维的方式是：如果你不同意我的中心观点，那么会导致什么样的不好后果？句型：if ( not ) , 如果警察不被容许配枪，他们就没有足够的能力阻止一些暴力犯罪。参考答案If the police are not allowed to be equipped with guns, they will not have enough capabilities to prevent some violent crimes.讲解: the police 是集合名词，复数。如果人们只依赖于网络去联系彼此，那么我们会变得越来越冷漠和孤独。参考答案If

21、people only rely on the internet to keep contact with each other, then we will become more and more indifferent and lonely.讲解rely on 可以用depend on 替换。Keep contact with 可以用connect 替换。学习indifferent 一词。注意lonely a是形容词。如果学生没有掌握分析和解决复杂问题的能力，他们将在职场上缺乏竞争力。参考答案If students do not acquire the ability of analyzi

22、ng and solving complex problems, they will lack competitiveness in the workplace.讲解lack也可做名词，通常为lack of, 如：The lack of competitiveness in the workplace is the main reason.如果政府不重视文化艺术领域的投资，人民的精神生活品质将不会 提升。参考答案If governments do not pay attention to the investment in culture and arts, the quality of pe

23、oples spiritual life will not be improved.讲解注意介词固定搭配invest in。如果大量女性被鼓励加入了军队，那么同样数量的男性会接替他们的工作去照料家庭。参考答案If a lot of females are encouraged to join the army, then the same number of males will take their places to look after the family.讲解可以考虑虚拟语气使用。学习短语使用take ones place取代某人的职务，工作。8.主体段论证句-具体论证主体段展开-具

24、体论证When/if/once , 中心句之后，可以用大家都比较熟悉的when引导状语从句，来具体展开论证。句型：When/if/once , 当我们穿着时尚时，我们会感觉更加的自信和快乐。参考答案When we dress ourselves in fashion, we may feel more confident and happier.讲解: 注意形容词比较级的准确使用。当油价上涨时，人们会自发地少开车，多乘公交地铁。参考答案When fuel prices go up, people will voluntarily drive less and take the bus and

25、subway more.讲解注意亮点词汇voluntarily。When 可以换成if 。当孩子进入学校，他们就开始学习如何与不同社会背景的人相处。参考答案When children go to school, they begin to learn how to get along with people from different social backgrounds.讲解注意常用词组的运用。当我们参观一个新地方时，我们会体验和学习不同的文化、生活和思维方式。参考答案When we visit a new place, we can experience and learn variou

26、s cultures, lifestyles and ways of thinking.讲解: experience做动词是亮点。一旦许多大公司搬迁到郊区，市区的人口和交通压力就能得到缓解。参考答案Once many large companies move to the suburb, the population and traffic pressure of the downtown will be alleviated.讲解alleviated可以用released替换。release pressure 释放缓解压力。companies可以用firms替换。9.主体段论证句-举例论证主

27、体段展开-举例论证For example,中心句之后常见的论证方式之一：我举个例子。要注意例子要恰当、有共性，识读者熟知的。句型：For example,例如，在多元文化的城市里，人们可以看美国大片，吃日本寿司，和法国红酒，穿意大利时装。参考答案For example, in multicultural cities, people can watch American blockbusters, eat Japanese sushi, drink French wine and wear Italian clothes.讲解注意并列举例，增加说服力。例如，从太空探索事业发展出来的气象卫星和卫

28、星定位技术，已经让每一位普通人收益。参考答案For example, meteorological satellites and GPS developed from space exploration have benefited every ordinary person.讲解过去分词developed是that are developed 的简化。例如，我们可以大力开发绿色能源，比如太阳能、风能和潮汐能源。参考答案For example, we can make great efforts to exploit green energy such as solar, wind and t

29、idal energy.讲解energy 可以用power替换。例如，肯德基的广告只强调食品的美味，从不提及垃圾食品的潜在危害。参考答案For example, the advertisements of KFC only emphasize how delicious their products are, but never mention the potential harm of junk food.讲解注意下划线从句的正常语序。例如，很多迪士尼的经典动画传递和培养了孩子们诚实、勇敢的美德。参考答案For example, many classic Disney animations

30、have conveyed and cultivated childrens virtues, such as honesty and courage.讲解animations 可以用 cartoons 替换 。10.主体段论证句-对比论证主体段展开-对比论证 While/Although, 中心句之后，可以选择对比论证或让步论证，来凸显中心句表达思想之重要。句型：While/Although, 当传统家庭观念强调关爱、分享和服从，现代人似乎更提倡自由、自我和独立。参考答案While traditional families give top priority to care, sharing

31、 and obedience, modern citizens mainly enjoy freedom, ego and independence.讲解：学习句子中的抽象名词。当成年人在追求和平消除战争的时候，我们的孩子在兴致勃勃的在电脑上玩着战争游戏和谈论各种里面的武器。参考答案While adults pursuing peace and eliminating wars, our children are enjoying in playing the war game on computers and talking about various arms in it.讲解注意enjoy in doing sth.虽然远程教育让学生能随时随地学习，但是它不能完全取代传统学校的地位。参考答案While the distant learning enables stu