孔玮全能语法课笔记.docx

1、孔玮全能语法课笔记全能语法班（一）建立英文思维中英思维差异1中：含蓄好戏在后头 英：直接开门见山中英思维差异2中：主体性思维 英：客体性思维When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had beenspotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. 译文：当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single

2、 man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.译文：人们公认这样一个事实，一个有钱的单身男子一定想要娶个妻子。 中英思维差异3中：形象表达法 英：抽象表达法家里已有五个孩子，全家人常年在贫困中挣扎。 As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty. (Lesson 45: The Power of the Press) 简单句的五大句型1. 主谓：You jump; I jump. In youth, w

3、e learn. In old age, we understand.2. 主谓宾：I love three things, the sun, the moon and you. The sun for the day, the moon for the night, and you ,forever.3. 主谓双宾- Please do me a favor.- Love gives us a fairy tale. 直接宾语指的是与谓语动词发生直接联系的名词 通常是物间接宾语指的是动作所指向的方向 通常是人 give sb sth(sb.是间宾 sth.是直宾)=give sth to s

4、b cook sb sth(sb.是间宾 sth.是直宾)=cook sth for sb4. 主+谓+ 宾+宾补 - I found the book easy.-Love makes man grow up or sink down.5. 主+系+表 系动词：linking verb（连接主语和后面的成分）-You are my sunshine（二）英文思维黄金法则 1. 谓语单一原则 一个简单句只能有一个谓语。 如果要表达多个动作概念，有三种方式： a. 连词 b. 非谓语动词 C. 从句2. 句子分类：简单句，并列句，复杂句Life is fragile, and evil is r

5、eal, but courage triumphs. Bush We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars . Oscar Wilde 复合句复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词引导。 3. 如何在主从复合句中找到主句？ 第一步：划出所有引导词。第二步：引导词之后的第一个动词为从句谓语动词。第三步：所有从句谓语动词找到之后，最后剩下的即为主语谓 语动词。

6、4. 引导词省略的情况： 宾语从句的引导词that 经常省略定语从句的先行词如果在从句里做宾语时，引导词常省略。（三）名词性从句 把完整的句子当名词使用在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语 时，就被称为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句或同位语从句。1. 名词性从句的引导词that: 无词义，在从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用。whether if : 是否 有词义，不做成分，连接作用。 who/whom: 谁；what: ； which: 哪一个 whose: 谁的 when: 什么时候 where: 什么地方 why: 为什么 有词义，充当从句中的成分2. 主语从句What is worth do

7、ing is worth doing well. 凡事只要值得做，就值得做好。主语从句的变体：It is +形容词+that 从句 It is clear that 显然 It is natural that 很自然 It is fortunate that 幸运的是 It is likely that 很可能 It is a pity that可惜的是 It is no wonder that难怪 It is a shame that遗憾的是 It is a common knowledge that 是常识主语从句的写作应用： 利弊作文结尾句 Whether is blessing or

8、cursing is a difficult question to answer, yet the comfort or convenience that it brings will not be eliminated.宾语从句：当你身处困境的时候，就会知道谁是你真正的朋友。When you are in trouble, you will find who your real friend is. 注意1：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。（主谓）注意2: 形式宾语的阅读难点 主谓it宾补宾语从句 He made it clear that he opposed this project. 表语从

9、句：The question is whether the God really exists.That was because he was ashamed of himself.注意：whether 可引导表语从句，但if不可以。because 可以引导表语从句。同位语从句：一般修饰抽象名词，例如:truth, idea, news, information, hope注意：逆向思维帮助化解阅读难度。形式通常为：抽象n+that陈述句特殊引导词：whether, where, who, whenThe idea that he told me was true.The idea that

10、the number 13 will bring bad luck is true. 同从和定从的区别：1. 同位语从句是名词后的完整句， 定语从句是名词后不完整的句子。2. 同位语从句和其修饰的名词内容相等， 定语从句内容不相等。同位语从句的写作应用：1. The change in A largely results from the fact that BA: 可替换为society，ideology（意识形态）B：完整的陈述句。 result from 还可替换为：due to, derive from, because of 2. It reveals the unquestiona

11、ble fact that 它揭示了一个毋庸置疑的事实，那就是（四）语法综合应用及定语从句一、语法综合应用前三节课的语法重点：1. 简单句的五大句型。2. 简单句的重要结构：A of B 3. 名词性从句 （尤其是宾语从句）4. 两个名词是句子的天然隔断。 应用一：应用文投诉信的万能句型1. I am writing to express my concern (dissatisfaction/ disappointment) about the service of your restaurant.2. We would like to draw the attention of the a

12、uthorities concerned to something they obviously failed to notice3. I sincerely hope that the authorities concerned will consider my suggestion and improve the situation as best as they can. 4. We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of

13、this problem. 应用二：图画作文开头段：1. It is vividly described in the picture that a lamp is listening in the darkness/ a spark is smiling in the darkness. The caption reads, “ love is like a lamp which is brighter in darker places.” 2. The picture vividly depict that a boy is making the final spurt along the

14、 race track. We are informed that “ the finishing line is also the starting point.”3. The drawings vividly illustrate the noise and uproar in the big city and the peace and tranquility of the country life. 补充：图画作文必备四组词1. 图 =photo, （照片）=sketch, （素描）=drawing, （画）=cartoon, （漫画）=chart (图表)2. 示 =show, =r

15、eflect,=convey,= indicate, reveal,= illustrate, =demonstrate3.象征=represent, =symbolize, =epitomize, （成为缩影）=be naturally associated with 自然联系到4. 意义=implication 暗示=symbolic meaning 象征意义=subtle connotation 微妙的含义二、定语从句1. 概述- 在英语中，我们通常用一个形容词作定语修饰名词或代词。若要表达更 复杂的意思，需借助一个句子来修饰名词。 - 这个被修饰的名词代词因为总在定语从句前面，所以被称为先行词。 - 引导定语从句的词，被称为关系词。2. 定语从句的三个重要概念先行词-被定语从句所修饰或限制的对象。引导词-连接主句和从句，在定语从句中