英语语法总结.docx

1、英语语法总结英语常用语法讲与练第一节 动词时态的典型用法（Tenses）英语中动词时态常见的有16种,参见下表:体时间一般体进行体完成体完成进行体现在1) 一般现在时 do/does5)现在进行时am/is/are doing9)现在完成时have/has done13)现在完成进行时have/has been doing过去2)一般过去时did6)过去进行时was/were doing10)过去完成时had done 14)过去完成进行时had been doing将来3)一般将来时shall/will do7)将来进行时will be doing11)将来完成时will have done

2、15)将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来4)过去将来时should/would do 8)过去将来进行时would be doing12)过去将来完成时would have done16)过去将来完成进行时would have been doing就其用法各举一例如下：1） Water boils at 100.2） He went to Beijing ten times in 2000.3） I will go before he comes.4） She would not leave until I returned.5） I will think it o

3、ver while you are collecting materials.6） She told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.7） I will be sitting in front of the TV set this time tomorrow.8） He promised that he would be looking after my dog when I left here. 9） We havent heard from each other for three years.10) Jane had learned Chines

4、e before she came to China.11) By the end of this term, I will have taught at his college for 10 years.12) Yesterday Mr. Li said he would have been in this college for 10 years by the end of the term.13) He has been writing letters since his morning.14) After driving for a long time, she suddenly re

5、alized that she had been driving in the wrong direction all the afternoon.15) By the time the sun sets, they will have been working on the farm for 6 hours. 16) Yesterday Mr. Li said he would have been teaching in this college for 10 years by the end of the term.1一般现在时 (the simple present tense)1) 经

6、常发生或反复发生的动作:He smokes a lot.How often do you go swimming?2) 现时的情况与状态:I know you are busy.How do you like this city?3) 永恒的真理:Summer follows spring.The sun rises in the east. 还常常用于静态动词(表示一种状态的动词),代替使用进行时态: 如mean, seem, hate, surprise, guess, feel, hope, sound, need, know, understand, wish等. 表示现在时刻发生的动

7、作: 运动解说,演示说明,动作描述,剧情介绍,舞台动作说明,用来指引道路,图片说明. 表示将来情况: 表示规定,时间表,计划或安排要发生的事情,这时有一个表示未来时间的状语,只限于少数动词,如 arrive, be, begin, close, come, depart, dine, end, finish, go, leave, open, return, sail, start, stop. 另外在由if, unless, even if, when, after, before, as soon as, as long as, as等引导的时间或条件从句中,一般只能用一般现在时表示将来的

8、动作.Turn off the lights before you leave.If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 表示过去动作的用法,只限于少量动词,如hear, say, tell等.Yes, you answer quite well.Oh, I forget where she lives.此外,故事性读物中戏剧性的描绘,报纸标题中,小说章节的题目中,引用书面材料时. 常常和一般现在时一道用的副词和状语.如 now, today, often, usually, normally, generally, weekly, seldom, never, e

9、ver, at the moment, once a month, now and then等.2. 现在进行时 (the present continuous tense)1) 表示现在正在进行的动作:They are talking; they arent working.My head is aching.2)表示现在这个阶段正在发生的事(但说话的一刻不一定在进行):Are you staying at the hotel?Whats your daughter doing these days?在进行时用于表示将来动作的用法:如果主语是表示事物的名词作主语,动词都以一般现在时表示将来动

10、作,如果以人为主语,表示是安排要进行的动作,一般用现在进行时.另外,还有be going to 这个结构经常用来表示未来的情况,一是表示准备,打算干什么,二是表示即将发生的情况.Im going to buy some cassette tapes.Oh dear! Its ten to nine. Im going to be late. 有在时间或条件从句中,有时会用现在进行时表示未来动作.While you are traveling there, you must visit these places. 表示经常性动作的用法,这时都表现某类情绪.这类句子常带有 always, cons

11、tantly, forever, continually, perpetually这类副词.She is forever complaining about her job.You are always leaving your clothes on the floor! 至有一些静态动词也用于现在进行时.Im hoping you will come. 除了以上这些,还可用于戏剧式的描绘,解说词,暂时的情况,新闻标题等. 3. 现在完成时(the present perfect tense)现在完成时是一个把过去和现在联系起来的时态.谈的都是已经发生的事,但和现在都有某种关系,就是指从过去某

12、时到现时,某事已完成或已经发生.如:Ive lost my passport.Has he found her car key?这个时态经常和just, already, yet, ever, always, before, so far, for, since, how long等词连用.Ive already posted your letters.有时表示从过去到现在这一段时间内发生的事.Ive been there twice this year.有时表示持续到现在的状态.Ive waited a week for your answer. have gone to/have been

13、 to 和time连用的情况 have got to=have to 4. 现在完成进行时(the present perfect continuous tense)现在完成进行时表示一个由过去某时起一直持续的动作,这动作可能刚刚停止,也可能正在进行.如:The ground is wet. It has been raining.Youre out of breath. Have you been running?用这个时态经常有一个表示现在之前这一段时间的状语,如all day, for some years, since, recently, how long, long, all等.有

14、时表示在持续的一段时间中动作的多次重复(而动作不一定在持续):Jim has been phoning Jerry every night for the past week.第二节 动词语态的典型用法 (Voices)英语语态有两种：主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。一般来说，被动语态的主语是动词的承受者，即动作的对象。被动语态的形式是：be +过去分词。常用的被动语态构成形式如下：一般时态进行时态完成时态现在1）am/is/are done5）am/is/are being done7）have/has been done过去2）was/were

15、 done6）was/were being done8）had been done将来3）shall/will be done_9) shall/will have been done过去将来4）should/would be done _10）should/would have been done举例：1) A car is powered by gasoline.2) All eyes were turned upon him.3) Other processes will be discussed briefly.4) The manager said that the matter would be discussed at the next meeting.5) Who is being operated on?6) At that time, I didnt know who was being ope