小升初英语语法复习要点归纳PEP版.docx

1、小升初英语语法复习要点归纳PEP版（人教PEP版）小升初英语语法复习要点归纳一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下，直接力卩-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以 s、x、sh、ch 结尾，力卩-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“ f或fe ”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5 .不规贝U名词复数：

2、man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoma n-policewome n, mouse-mice child-childre n foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese四大时态时态结构时间特征词一般现在时动词用原形或第三人称单数（s/es ）every day/week,ofte n, usually,sometimes现在进行时be(am,is,are) + doingno w,look,liste n一

3、般将来时1.be going to + 动词原形2.will + 动词原形tomorrow ,n ext week, this mornin g/after noon一般过去时1.动词过去式（ed/不规则的）2.be 动词过去式 was / wereyesterday,last weeke nd before,2 days ago凡是在 must, mustn t, can, can t, let s, don t, may， will 后的一定要用动 词的原形口诀：1.时间是经常，动词要用 原形或第三人称单数。2.时间是现在，动词要用 现在进行时 be doing 形式。3.时间是将来，动词

4、要用 将来时 be going to do （动词原形）。4.时间是过去，动词要用 过去式（-ed ）或不规则形式。般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 （关键时间： often, every day, every week, usually, sometimes ）2.一般现在时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词 要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。3.在一般现在时中，句中有 be动词或情态动词时，否定句在 be动词和情态动词 后加not, 般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。4 在一般现在

5、时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定 句在动词前加does+not (doesn t)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原 形；主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用 do+not (don t)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，力卩-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes,watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如:study-studi

6、es三、 现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 (关键时间：now, look，listen )2. 现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be动词调到句首。动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2.以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing，如: make-making, taste-tasting3. 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母， 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，女口: run-running,

7、 stop-stopp ing四、 一般将来时1 定义：表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。(关键时间：tomorrow， n ext week，toni ght ，this after noon )2.肯定句：be going to + 动词原形，如：Jim is going to play football. 否定句：be not going to + 动词原形，如： Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句：把be动词调到句首，如：Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+goi ng

8、to+动词原形？如： What is Jim goi ng to do? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词 +be+go ing to+ 动词原形？如： Who is goi ng to play football?五、一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 (关键时间：lastnight ， last weekend ，yesterday )2. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am和is在一般过去时中变为 waso (was not=wasn t) are 在一般过去时中变为 were。(were n

9、ot=weren t) 带有 was 或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are 一样，即否定句在 was或were后 加not, 般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3. 句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didn t +动词原形，如如: Jim didn t go homeyesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如： Did Jim go homeyesterday? 特殊疑问句： 疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： Whatdid Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词 +动词过去式？如： Whcwe

10、 nt to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1.一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.结尾是 e 加 d,如：taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再力卩-ed，如：stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如:study-studied5. 不规贝U动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came,

11、have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat六、Have、Has和 There be 结构1.There be 结构包括 there is ， there are ，there was ， there were2.意思都是“有”。3.和 have、has、had 的区别：(1)

12、There be句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)(2) 在there be句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is ;主语是复数，be动词用 are ;如有几件物品，be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定。(3) there be 句型的否定句在be动词后加not , 般疑问句把be动词调到句 首。(4) there be 句型与have(has)的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人)； have(has)表示某人拥有某物。(5) some和 any 在there be 句型中的运用：some用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句（6） and和or在there be 句型中的运用：an

13、d用于肯定句，or用于否定句或 疑问句。（7） 针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Howmany+名词复数+ are there +介词短语？ How much +不可数名词+ is there + 介词短语？（8） 针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： What s +介词短语？（9） There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而 have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。七、形容词的比较级1形容词比较级：在英语中，两者进行比较，强调 一方比另一方，可使用 形容词比较级+ tha n结构2 语法归纳（形容词比较级）情况加法例词一般情况加ersmall-smaller以e结尾的词加rlarge

14、-larger以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i，再加ereasy-easier以一个辅音字母结尾的词将这辅音字母双与冉加erhot hotter thin-th inner3 不规则形容词比较级:good-better, beautiful- more beautiful八、数词基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。 区别：基数词前面没有“the ”；序数词前一定要有“the ”。1、 超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one2、 序数词一般加“ th ”，特殊的有：first, sec ond, third, fi

15、fth, eighth, nin th, twelfth ；3、 二十及二十以外的整十：twe ntieth, thirtieth, fortieth “第几十几”：前面整十不变，后面“几”改为序数词。如： 88 eighty-eighth巧记序数词：1,2,3,特殊记，加th从4起；8少t,9去e,逢5逢12 ve变f;2090,y要变ie;若是几十几，前基后序别倒位九、特殊疑问词的复习when （什么时候） whose （谁的） where （在哪里）（一） Wha：什么（问事情、事物；问爱好；问职业；问外貌）1.What is this/that? 这/那是什么？ It is a/an

16、+ 名词单数。2.What are these/those? 这些/那些是什么？ They are +名词复数。3.What is it? 它是什么？ It is a/an + 名词单数。4.What are they? 他们/她们/它们是什么？ They are +名词复数。5.What is_your sister like? 你姐姐长得怎么样？She is tall and young.6.What does your sister like? 你姐姐喜欢什么？ She likes divi ng.7.What do you usually do on the weeke nd? （般现

17、在时）I ofte n visit my gran dpare nts.8.What are you doing now? （现在进行时）I am reading a book.9.What are you going to do tomorrow? （一般将来时）I am going to watch TV tomorrow./I will watch TV tomorrow.10.What did you do last weeke nd? （般过去时）I played football.与What有关的疑问词短语：1.What colour :什么颜色（问颜色）2.What time :

18、几点钟（问时间/问几点钟）What time is it now? It is 7:30.3.What day :星期几（问星期）What day is it today? It is Mon day.4.What date :什么日期（问日期）stWhat date is it today? It is Ju ne 1 .5.What s the weather like today :（问天气）天气怎么样？ It is sunny.What was the weather like yesterday? It was cloudy.6.What s the matter with you?

19、 （问病症）你怎么了？ I have a cold.7.What s your favourtite food/colour/animal/sport/class/season?My favourite food/colour/a ni mal/sport/class/seas on is 8.Who is your favourite teacher? 谁是你最喜爱的老师？Mr Chen/Miss Li is my favourite teacher.（二） Where在哪里（问地点、位置、方位） where配动词go1.Where do you usually go every weeke

20、 nd? （般现在时）I usually go to a park.2.Where are you goi ng now? （现在进行时）你现在去哪里？I am going to U.S.A. now. 我去美国。3.Where are you going to go tomorrow?（一般将来时）你明天打算去哪里？ I amgoingto the bookstore tomorrow./ I will go to the bookstore. 我准备明天去书店。4.Where did you go last weeke nd? （般过去时）你上个周末去了哪里？I went to Beiji

21、 ng last weeke nd. 我上个周末去了北京。（三） Who谁（问人）I.Who am I? You are Mike. 2.Who are you? I am Amy.3.Who is he/she? He is Mike./ She is Amy.4.Who are they? They are Mike and Amy.5.Who is the（this） boy / girl? He is Mike./ She is Amy.6.Who is that man/woma n? He is my father./ She is my mother.（四） Which :哪一个

22、（问具体事物）1.Which floor? It is on the 5 th,Room 5A.2.Which bus can I take? You can take the No.3 bus.3.Which bus can you take? I can take the No.5 bus.4.Which bag is Mike s?The yellow bag is Mike s bag./The bigger one is Mike s bag.5.Which seas on do you like best? I like summer best.（五）When什么时候（问时间）1.

23、When is your birthday? （in+ 月份,on + 月 + 日）（1） My birthday is in October./ It s in October.（2） My birthday is on October 5 th ./It is on October 52.When is Teachers Day/National Day/Children s Day/Women s Day?It is September 10 th./October 1 st./June 1 st./March 8 th.（六） Why为什么（问原因；用 because答）1.Why d

24、o you like summer? Because I can swim in the sea.2.Why does Mike like fall? Because he can fly kites.3.Why do you like grapes? Because they are sweet.4.Why does Joh n like apples? Because they are sweet.（七） How怎样（问交通方式；问身体状况；问心情，问感觉）1.How are you?:你好吗？（问身体状况）I am fine,thanks.2.How do you feel?:你感觉怎样

25、？ I feel sick.3.How does Mike feel? （问心情）He feels hap py./He is happy.与How有关的疑问词短语:How much多少前（问价钱）How old :多少岁（问年龄）How big :多大（问尺码、大小）How large :多少平方（问面积）How many多少（问数量）How tall :多高（问身高）How heavy:多重（问体重）How long :多长（问长度）1.How many days are there in a week? There are 7.2.How many mon ths are there i

26、n a year? There are 12.3.How many seas ons are there in a year? There are 4.4.How many people are there in your family? There are 4.5.How many brigdes are there in the picture? There is one.6.How many birds can you see? I can see 2 birds.7.How much is your pen? It is 2 yua n.8.How much are the books

27、? They are 20 yua n.9.How tall are you?10.How tall is your father?11.How old are you?12.How old is Mike?13.How heavy are you?14.How heavy is Amy?15.How big are your feet? I wear size 37.16.How big are your brother s feet? He wears size 40.17.How long is the dog s tail? It is 10 cm long.18.They are 9

28、0 cm long.你的房间有多大？(平方米)How long are your legs?19.How large is your room?It is 25 square meters.(8)Whose谁的(问属于谁的东西)1.Whose pen is it? It is Mike s pen.2.Whose bike is it? It is John s bike.九、代词1、 人称代词表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词, 叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher.

29、 You are stude nt. He is a stude nt, too.We/You/They are stude nts.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me. Let s go (let s =let us)2、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代 词和名词性物主代词二种。形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+ 名词而名词性物主代词则相单于形容词性物主代词 +名词,故其后不必加名词。如：Is this your book? No, ，it isn t， it

30、s hers(her book)This pen is mine.表格记忆:主格宾格形容词性 物主代词名词性 物主代词反身代词第一 人称单数I（我）memy（我的）mi nemyself（我自己）复数we（我 们）usour（我们的）oursourselves（我们自己）第二 人称单数you（你）youyour（你的）yoursyourself（你自己）复数you（你 们）youyour（你们的）yoursyourselves（你们自己）第三 人称单数he（他）himhis（他的）hishimself（他自己）she（她）herher（她的）hersherself（她自己）it（它）itits（它的）itsitself（它自己）复数they（他们 /她们/ 它们）themtheir（他们的/她 们的/它们的）theirsthemselves（他们/她们/它们自己）