新初二八年级讲义第7次课 学生.docx

1、新初二八年级讲义第7次课 学生英语学科教师辅导教案7 年 级： 新八 辅导科目：英语 课程主题：语法复习和综合训练学习目标复习语法，综合能力提高教学内容内容回顾1.上次课作业讲解； 2. 错题回顾知识精讲名词详解 考点归纳1可数名词的复数变化1) 规则变化(1) 大多数都直接在名词后加-s。(2) 以-s , -x , -ch , -sh结尾的名词加-es。(3) 以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s，如boys，days；但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es，如babies，flies，libraries; 以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名词直接加-s，如Marys，Henrys等。(4)

2、 以-o结尾的名词，大多数在词尾加-s，如bamboos，radios，photos，kilos，但也有少数加-es，如potatoes，tomatoes，heroes; 而zero两种形式均可。(5) -f，-fe结尾的名词，大部分将-f，-fe改成v，再加-es，如knives，halves，thieves, shelves，leaves，wives，wolves；但也有少数直接加-s，如roofs，beliefs，safes；而handkerchief和scarf两种均可。背记小口诀：妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌； 躲在架(shelf

3、)下保己（self）命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮面包（loaf）。2) 不规则变化(1) 单复数同形sheep，fish，deer，Chinese，Japanese。(2) 变内部元音man men，tooth teeth，mouse mice，foot feet，goose geese。(3) 其他形式。childchildren ox oxen grown-up grown-ups passer-by passers-by brother-in-law brothers-in-lawman与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时，两者都要改为复数，如：two women

4、 doctors，many men leaders。3) 特殊的复数形式(1) 只有复数，没有单数形式。如：trousers裤子，clothes衣服，shorts短裤，goods商品，glasses眼镜，shoes鞋子等。(2) 集合名词不能用具体的数字修饰，只能在其前加the表示全体，如：the police，the English，the people，动词也用复数形式，但family，class，team，group等集合名词，若指整体，看作单数形式，若指其中的成员，则看作复数形式，动词也应该有相应变化。注意：可数名词的量可以用many，few，a few，a(large/great)

5、number of，a great/ good many等来修饰，而some，several，any，enough，most，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a largesmall quantity of等既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。2不可数名词(1)不可数名词一般只有单数形式，前面不能直接加冠词，但在一些固定短语中有些不可数名词也可转化为可数名词，如have a good time，a heavy rain，a strong wind等。(2)不可数名词可以用much，little，a little，a great deal of，a large/sma

6、ll amount等来修饰，当这些做主语时，主要看量的单位形式决定其谓语动词的单复数。 3常以复数形式出现的名词People(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子)，police(警察)，glasses(眼镜)，这些名词做主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语要用复数。4. 复数形式的单数名词有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。 如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)，No news is good news5. 名词的所有格(1) 名词所有格一般都是在结尾加 s，如Kates，但以-s结尾的复数，只加“ ”，如Te

7、achers Day; of+名词用来表示无生命东西的所有关系，如the problem of the Americans。 但表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词，所有格也有s的形式，如two days trip。(2) 当某物为两人共有时，名词所有格为A+ Bs。而当某物为各人所有时为As+Bs。(3) 双重属格则指：of 属格+名词所有格名词性物主代词，如a cousin of my fathers，a friend of mine。考题精讲【例1】In her letter, Aunt Huang told us many _ about her visit to Egypt.A.

8、 news B. stories C. information D. truth【解析】many只能修饰可数名词的复数，而A、C和D均为不可数名词，因此正确答案为B。【例 2】They bought some _ at the supermarket yesterday. (potato) (2008中考）【解析】potato是可数名词，some既可修饰可数名词的复数，又可修饰不可数名词，而potato是以o结尾的特殊类型加-es，所以应填potatoes【例3】Shanghai is one of the biggest _ in the world. (city) 【解析】以元音字母+y结

9、尾的名词加-s，如boys, days但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es，如babies, flies, libraries；而city属于后者，因此正确答案为cities。【例4】Its over _ from Shanghai to Nanjing. A. three hours drive B. three hours driveC. three hours drives D. three hours drive【解析】三小时开车的路程，表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词，所有格也有s的形式，因此选A.考点精练. Choose the best answer1. W

10、e can get more _ about the international affairs on the Internet than before. A. information B. book C. report D. progress2. If you have any problems, you can ask your parents to give you _. A. a piece advice B. an advice C. some advice D. some advices3. Bret, an old friend of _ , has decided to giv

11、e up drinking because he is a driver now. A. my father B. my fathers C. my fathers D. my fathers4. Could you tell me when _ is? Yes, its on the third Sunday in June.A. Mothers Day B. Fathers DayC. Tree Planting Day D. Thanksgiving Day5. _ tourists will come to visit Shanghais during World Expo 2010.

12、 A. Much B. Quite a lotC. A great deal of D. A great number of6. All the _ teachers and _ students are having an important meeting now.A. women; girl B. woman; girl C. women; girls D. woman; girls7. The wind, together with the rain and fog, _ making sailing difficult.A. have been B. was C. / D. are8

13、. The singer and dancer _ our party this evening.A. was going to be in B. are going to be inC. were going to be in D. is going to be in9. _ fun it is to surf on a windy day! A. How a B. What a C. What D. How10. Ill give you _ to finish the work.A. two-weeks time B. two weeks timeC. two week time D.

14、two weeks timeReading ComprehensionA. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文) Have you ever offered a helping hand to those who are in trouble? One day, two _ (1) were walking along the road to school when they saw an old woman carrying a large basket of pears. The

15、y thought the woman looked very _ (2). They went up to her and said, “Are you going to town? If you are, we will help carry your basket.” “Thank you,” _ (3) the woman, “you are very kind. You see Im weak and ill.” Then she told them that she was now going to market to _ (4) the pears which grew on the only tree in her little garden. “We are all going to the _ (5).” said the boys. “Let us have t