1、新初二八年级讲义第7次课 学生英语学科教师辅导教案7 年 级: 新八 辅导科目:英语 课程主题:语法复习和综合训练学习目标复习语法,综合能力提高教学内容内容回顾1.上次课作业讲解; 2. 错题回顾知识精讲名词详解 考点归纳1可数名词的复数变化1) 规则变化(1) 大多数都直接在名词后加-s。(2) 以-s , -x , -ch , -sh结尾的名词加-es。(3) 以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s,如boys,days;但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加-es,如babies,flies,libraries; 以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名词直接加-s,如Marys,Henrys等。(4)
2、 以-o结尾的名词,大多数在词尾加-s,如bamboos,radios,photos,kilos,但也有少数加-es,如potatoes,tomatoes,heroes; 而zero两种形式均可。(5) -f,-fe结尾的名词,大部分将-f,-fe改成v,再加-es,如knives,halves,thieves, shelves,leaves,wives,wolves;但也有少数直接加-s,如roofs,beliefs,safes;而handkerchief和scarf两种均可。背记小口诀:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌; 躲在架(shelf
3、)下保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮面包(loaf)。2) 不规则变化(1) 单复数同形sheep,fish,deer,Chinese,Japanese。(2) 变内部元音man men,tooth teeth,mouse mice,foot feet,goose geese。(3) 其他形式。childchildren ox oxen grown-up grown-ups passer-by passers-by brother-in-law brothers-in-lawman与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时,两者都要改为复数,如:two women
4、 doctors,many men leaders。3) 特殊的复数形式(1) 只有复数,没有单数形式。如:trousers裤子,clothes衣服,shorts短裤,goods商品,glasses眼镜,shoes鞋子等。(2) 集合名词不能用具体的数字修饰,只能在其前加the表示全体,如:the police,the English,the people,动词也用复数形式,但family,class,team,group等集合名词,若指整体,看作单数形式,若指其中的成员,则看作复数形式,动词也应该有相应变化。注意:可数名词的量可以用many,few,a few,a(large/great)
5、number of,a great/ good many等来修饰,而some,several,any,enough,most,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a largesmall quantity of等既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。2不可数名词(1)不可数名词一般只有单数形式,前面不能直接加冠词,但在一些固定短语中有些不可数名词也可转化为可数名词,如have a good time,a heavy rain,a strong wind等。(2)不可数名词可以用much,little,a little,a great deal of,a large/sma
6、ll amount等来修饰,当这些做主语时,主要看量的单位形式决定其谓语动词的单复数。 3常以复数形式出现的名词People(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(裤子),police(警察),glasses(眼镜),这些名词做主语时,同学们应特别注意它们的谓语要用复数。4. 复数形式的单数名词有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆。 如:news(消息),maths(数学),physics(物理),No news is good news5. 名词的所有格(1) 名词所有格一般都是在结尾加 s,如Kates,但以-s结尾的复数,只加“ ”,如Te
7、achers Day; of+名词用来表示无生命东西的所有关系,如the problem of the Americans。 但表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词,所有格也有s的形式,如two days trip。(2) 当某物为两人共有时,名词所有格为A+ Bs。而当某物为各人所有时为As+Bs。(3) 双重属格则指:of 属格+名词所有格名词性物主代词,如a cousin of my fathers,a friend of mine。考题精讲【例1】In her letter, Aunt Huang told us many _ about her visit to Egypt.A.
8、 news B. stories C. information D. truth【解析】many只能修饰可数名词的复数,而A、C和D均为不可数名词,因此正确答案为B。【例 2】They bought some _ at the supermarket yesterday. (potato) (2008中考)【解析】potato是可数名词,some既可修饰可数名词的复数,又可修饰不可数名词,而potato是以o结尾的特殊类型加-es,所以应填potatoes【例3】Shanghai is one of the biggest _ in the world. (city) 【解析】以元音字母+y结
9、尾的名词加-s,如boys, days但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加-es,如babies, flies, libraries;而city属于后者,因此正确答案为cities。【例4】Its over _ from Shanghai to Nanjing. A. three hours drive B. three hours driveC. three hours drives D. three hours drive【解析】三小时开车的路程,表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词,所有格也有s的形式,因此选A.考点精练. Choose the best answer1. W
10、e can get more _ about the international affairs on the Internet than before. A. information B. book C. report D. progress2. If you have any problems, you can ask your parents to give you _. A. a piece advice B. an advice C. some advice D. some advices3. Bret, an old friend of _ , has decided to giv
11、e up drinking because he is a driver now. A. my father B. my fathers C. my fathers D. my fathers4. Could you tell me when _ is? Yes, its on the third Sunday in June.A. Mothers Day B. Fathers DayC. Tree Planting Day D. Thanksgiving Day5. _ tourists will come to visit Shanghais during World Expo 2010.
12、 A. Much B. Quite a lotC. A great deal of D. A great number of6. All the _ teachers and _ students are having an important meeting now.A. women; girl B. woman; girl C. women; girls D. woman; girls7. The wind, together with the rain and fog, _ making sailing difficult.A. have been B. was C. / D. are8
13、. The singer and dancer _ our party this evening.A. was going to be in B. are going to be inC. were going to be in D. is going to be in9. _ fun it is to surf on a windy day! A. How a B. What a C. What D. How10. Ill give you _ to finish the work.A. two-weeks time B. two weeks timeC. two week time D.
14、two weeks timeReading ComprehensionA. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文) Have you ever offered a helping hand to those who are in trouble? One day, two _ (1) were walking along the road to school when they saw an old woman carrying a large basket of pears. The
15、y thought the woman looked very _ (2). They went up to her and said, “Are you going to town? If you are, we will help carry your basket.” “Thank you,” _ (3) the woman, “you are very kind. You see Im weak and ill.” Then she told them that she was now going to market to _ (4) the pears which grew on the only tree in her little garden. “We are all going to the _ (5).” said the boys. “Let us have t
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