现在完成时及其不规则动词.docx

1、现在完成时及其不规则动词语法一点通宇文皓月现在完成时态语法点拨：现在完成时态基本用法用法（一）：谈论个人经历构成：have/has(助动词）+done(过去分词）例如：I have heard of the person. 我听说过这个人说明：经常与副词ever, never连用。 I have ever heard of the person.否定：主语 + have/has + not + done.疑问：Have/Has+主语+done.？注意：have/has been to 与have /has gone to用法（二）：暗示“某动作从过去一直持续到现在”。 （持续的时间用for 或

2、since 短语表达）构成：have/has + done + for + 时间段； have/has + done + since + 时间点此时与现在完成进行时态的用法相同。如：He has watched TV for half an hour. = He has been watching TV for half an hour.说明：如果句中动词为非延续性动词，不克不及直接与for和since的短语连用。如：He has got to Chengdu for 2 days. (错）如果把句中got to 变成可持续性动词（be), 就可以与for和since的短语连用。He has

3、been in Chengdu for 2 days. (对）他到达成都已经2天了。用法（三）：暗示“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响”。 构成：与用法（一）相同。 经常与just, already, yet等副词连用。例子：I have already eaten supper. 我已经吃了晚餐了。（含义：我现在不吃了）Have you eaten supper yet? 你已经吃过晚餐了吗？（含义：你现在想吃晚餐吗？）说明：副词already经常使用于肯定句。而yet 则用于否定和疑问句。在否定句中经常翻译为“还”。I havent eaten supper yet. 我还没吃晚餐。（含义：

4、我现在想吃晚餐）动词过去分词变更规则与不规则变更（一）变更规则：与过去式规则相同。1. 一般直接在词尾加上ed。look-looked-looked2. 以e结尾的动词，直接加d。move-moved-moved3. 以y结尾，y前面是辅音字母的动词，变y 为i，再加ed。carry-carried-carried4. 部分动词需双写尾字母，加ed。stop-stopped-stopped（二）不规则变更： 不规则动词的变更因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将部分不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。以便准确记忆。

5、AAB型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文beatbeatbeatenbeatingbeats打败ABC 型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文bewas / werebeenbeingis / am是，在beginbeganbegunbeginningbegins开始blowblewblownblowing blows吹breakbrokebrokenbreakingbreaks破裂、折断choosechosechosenchoosingchooses选择dodiddonedoingdoes做、干drawdrewdrawndrawingdraws画画drivedrovedrivendr

6、ivingdrives驾驶drinkdrankdrunkdrinkingdrinks喝eatateeateneatingeats吃fallfellfallenfallingfalls落下flyflewflownflyingflies飞forgetforgotforgottenforgettingforgets忘记getgotgottengettinggets到达、得到givegavegivengivinggives给gowentgonegoinggoes去growgrewgrowngrowinggrows成长hidehidhiddenhidinghides隐藏knowknewknownknow

7、ingknows知道了解mistakemistookmistakenmistakingmistakes犯错rideroderiddenridingrides骑ringrangrungringingrings响铃riseroserisenrisingrises升起seesawseenseeingsees看到shakeshookshakenshakingshakes摇动singsangsungsingingsings唱speakspokespokenspeakingspeaks讲stealstolestolenstealingsteals偷swimswamswumswimmingswims游泳ta

8、ketooktakentakingtakes拿、带throwthrewthrownthrowingthrows扔wakewokewokenwakingwakes唤醒wearworewornwearingwears穿戴writewrotewrittenwritingwrites写AAA型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文costcostcostcostingcosts花费cutcutcutcuttingcuts砍、切、割hithithithittinghits打、撞hurthurthurthurtinghurts伤害letletletlettinglets让putputputputtingp

9、uts放置readreadreadreadingreads读setsetsetsettingsets设置、搭建shutshutshutshuttingshuts关闭ABA型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文becomebecamebecomebecomingbecomes成为comecamecomecomingcomes来overcomeovercameovercomeovercomingovercomes克服runranrunrunningruns跑ABB型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文understandunderstoodunderstoodunderstandingunde

10、rstands理解、明白bringbroughtbroughtbringingbrings带来buildbuiltbuiltbuildingbuilds建造burnburned/burntburned/burntburningburns燃烧buyboughtboughtbuyingbuys买catchcaughtcaughtcatchingcatches抓住、赶上dealdealtdealtdealingdeals处理digdugdugdiggingdigs挖feedfedfedfeedingfeeds喂养feelfeltfeltfeelingfeels感觉fightfoughtfoughtf

11、ightingfights打架findfoundfoundfindingfinds发现、找到hanghunghunghanginghangs悬挂hearheardheardhearinghears听holdheldheldholdingholds举办keepkeptkeptkeepingkeeps坚持learnlearned/learntlearned/learntlearninglearns学习leaveleftleftleavingleaves离开lendlentlentlendinglends借lightlighted/litlightedlightinglights点燃loselost

12、lostlosingloses丢失makemademademakingmakes制造meanmeantmeantmeaningmeans意味meetmetmetmeetingmeets遇见paypaidpaidpayingpays付给saysaidsaidsayingsays说sellsoldsoldsellingsells卖sendsentsentsendingsends送shineshoneshoneshiningshines照耀showshowedshowed/shownshowingshows展示sitsatsatsittingsits座sleepsleptsleptsleepings

13、leeps睡觉spendspentspentspendingspends花费、度过standstoodstoodstandingstands站、忍受sweepsweptsweptsweepingsweeps清扫teachtaughttaughtteachingteaches教telltoldtoldtellingtells告诉thinkthoughtthoughtthinkingthinks思考winwonwonwinningwins赢得【拓展】一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词暗示能够延续的动作，这种

14、动作可以延续下去或发生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，暗示不克不及延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。 二、延续性动词的用法特征1. 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与暗示“段时间”的状语连用。暗

15、示“段时间”的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2. 延续性动词不克不及与暗示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如：It rained at eight yesterday morning. (误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight暗示“点时间”，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词暗示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来暗示。上句可改为：It

16、 began to rain at eight yesterday morning. (正)又如：-When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then youve known each other for more than two years.-Thats right. 三、终止性动词的用法特征1. 终止性动词可用来暗示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The train has arrived. 火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？2. 终止性动词暗示的动作极其

17、短暂，不克不及持续。因此，不成与暗示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式). 如：(1) 他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2) 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days.

18、正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. 分 析(1)(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不克不及与暗示“段时间”的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采取下面的四种方法： (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move to

19、live in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。(2)将句中暗示“段时间”的状语改为暗示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。 (3)用句型“It is + 段时间 + since.”表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。(4)用句型“时间 +has passed + since.”表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。3. 终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，

20、成为可以延续的状态，因而可与暗示一段时间的状语连用。如：He hasnt left here since 1986. I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 4. 终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成“not+终止性动词+until/till.”的句型，意为“直到才”。如：You cant leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才干离开这里。 I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今晚直到画完画，我才上床睡觉。 5

21、. 终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不成以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when暗示的时间是“点时间”(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是“段时间”(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while暗示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach为终止性动词) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)6终止性动词完成时不成与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。

22、如：误：How long have you come here?正：How long have you been here?正：When did you come here?注意：have been (to) 与 have gone (to)have been 与 have gone 都暗示现在完成时态，标明动作已经发生了，但它们之间的含义分歧。 1）“have been in + 地点名词”或者“have been + 表位置的副词” 含义是 “在某地呆过多久”。例如：Mr. Zhang has been in this school for ten years He knows every

23、one here. 张先生在这所学校呆了十年。 I have been here since I began to work Its just like my home. 我工作以来一直呆在这里。 2）“have been to + 地点名词” 暗示“曾到某地去过（多少次）”。例如：Miss Brown has been to China twice 布朗小姐来过中国两次。Have you ever been here before? 你以前到过这儿吗？ 3）“have gone to + 地点名词”或“have gone + 表位置的副词”其含义是“到某地去了”（人已不在此地），注意：这种结

24、构不必于第一人称，也不必于第二人称，它仅用于第三人称。请看一段对话： A: Wheres Tom? B: Hes gone to the shop. A: Has Mary gone there with him? B: No, she hasnt. 通过下列句子的对比，可以分清它们各自分歧的涵义： （1）They have been in Chicago （2）They have been to Chicago （3）They have gone to Chicago（1）句的意思是“他们曾去过芝加哥”，此语强调过去的经历，但没有说明现在是否已回来。言外之 意，他们到过芝加哥，他们知道芝加哥在何处，该城市有多大，人口有多少等等。（2）句的意思是“他们曾到过芝加哥，现在已回来了”。此语强调的是往返的经历。（3）句的意思是“他们已到芝加哥去了”，此语的言外之意是“也许他们已经到达，也许现在还在途 中”，它强调“去”的动作已经完成，所以人已不在说话的地点。