国际经济学作业复习资料第九章.docx

1、国际经济学作业复习资料第九章1Chapter 9 The Political Economy of Trade Theory1Multiple Choice Questions1. The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs are dismantled and removed,(a) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will decreas

2、e.(b) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will increase.(c) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence increasing national economic welfare.(d) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence decreasing national

3、economic welfare.(e) None of the above.Answer: C2. The opportunity to exploit economies of scale is one of the gains to be made from removing tariffs and other trade distortions. These gains will be found by a decrease in(a) world prices of imports.(b) the consumption distortion loss triangle.(c) th

4、e production distortion loss triangle.(d) Both (b) and (c).(e) None of the above.Answer: E3. It is argued that special interest groups are likely to take over and promote protectionist policies, which may lead to an increase in national economic welfare. This argument leads to(a) a presumption that

5、in practice a free trade policy is likely to be better than alternatives.(b) a presumption that trade policy should be shifted to Non-Governmental Organizations, so as to limit taxpayer burden.(c) a presumption that free trade is generally a second-best policy, to be avoided if feasible alternatives

6、 are available.(d) a presumption that free trade is the likely equilibrium solution if the government allows special interest groups to dictate its trade policy.(e) None of the above.Answer: A4. The optimum tariff is(a) the best tariff a country can obtain via a WTO negotiated round of compromises.(

7、b) the tariff, which maximizes the terms of trade gains.(c) the tariff, which maximizes the difference between terms of trade gains and terms of trade loses.(d) not practical for a small country due to the likelihood of retaliation.(e) not practical for a large country due to the likelihood of retal

8、iation.Answer: E5. The optimum tariff is most likely to apply to(a) a small tariff imposed by a small country.(b) a small tariff imposed by a large country.(c) a large tariff imposed by a small country.(d) a large tariff imposed by a large country.(e) None of the above.Answer: B6. The prohibitive ta

9、riff is a tariff that(a) is so high that it eliminates imports.(b) is so high that it causes undue harm to trade-partner economies.(c) is so high that it causes undue harm to import competing sectors.(d) is so low that the government prohibits its use since it would lose an important revenue source.

10、(e) None of the above.Answer: A7. The existence of marginal social benefits which are not marginal benefits for the industry producing the import substitutes(a) is an argument supporting free trade and non-governmental involvement.(b) is an argument supporting the use of an optimum tariff.(c) is an

11、argument supporting the use of market failures as a trade-policy strategy.(d) is an argument rejecting free trade and supporting governmental involvement.(e) None of the above.Answer: D8. The domestic market failure argument is a particular case of the theory of(a) the optimum, or first-best.(b) the

12、 second best.(c) the third best.(d) the sufficing principle.(e) None of the above.Answer: B9. The difficulty of ascertaining the right second-best trade policy to follow(a) reinforces support for the third-best policy approach.(b) reinforces support for increasing research capabilities of government

13、 agencies.(c) reinforces support for abandoning trade policy as an option.(d) reinforces support for free-trade options.(e) None of the above.Answer: D10. The authors of the text believe that(a) second-best policy is worse than optimal policy.(b) special interest groups generally enhance national we

14、lfare.(c) national welfare is likely to be enhanced by the imposition of an optimal tariff.(d) market Failure arguments tend to support free-trade policy.(e) there is no such thing as national welfare.Answer: E11. The simple model of competition among political parties long used by political scienti

15、sts tends to lead to the practical solution of selecting the(a) optimal tariff.(b) prohibitive tariff.(c) zero (free-trade) tariff.(d) the tariff rate favored by the median voter.(e) None of the above.Answer: D12. The median voter model(a) works well in the area of trade policy.(b) is not intuitivel

16、y reasonable.(c) tends to result in biased tariff rates.(d) does not work well in the area of trade policy.(e) None of the above.Answer: D13. The fact that trade policy often imposes harm on large numbers of people, and benefits only a few may be explained by(a) the lack of political involvement of

17、the public.(b) the power of advertisement.(c) the problem of collective action.(d) the basic impossibility of the democratic system to reach a fair solution.(e) None of the above.Answer: C14. Protectionism tends to be concentrated in two sectors:(a) agriculture and clothing.(b) high tech and nationa

18、l security sensitive industries.(c) capital and skill intensive industries.(d) industries concentrated in the South and in the Midwest of the country.(e) None of the above.Answer: A15. Judging by the changes in the height of tariff rates in major trading countries, the world has been experiencing a

19、great(a) trade liberalization.(b) surge of protectionism.(c) lack of progress in the trade-policy area.(d) move towards regional integration.(e) None of the above.Answer: A16. The World Trade Organization (WTO) was organized as a successor to the(a) IMF.(b) UN.(c) UNCTAD.(d) GATT.(e) The World Bank.

20、Answer: D17. The WTO was established by the _of multilateral trade negotiations.(a) Kennedy Round(b) Tokyo Round(c) Uruguay Round(d) Dillon Round(e) None of the above.Answer: C18. The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 has generally been associated with(a) falling tariffs.(b) free trade.(c) intensifyin

21、g the worldwide depression.(d) recovery from the worldwide depression.(e) Non-tariff barriers.Answer: C19. A trade policy designed to alleviate some domestic economic problem by exporting it to foreign countries is know as a(n)(a) international dumping policy.(b) countervailing tariff policy.(c) beg

22、gar thy neighbor policy.(d) trade adjustment assistance policy.(e) None of the above.Answer: C20. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization have resulted in(a) termination of export subsidies applied to manufactured goods.(b) termination of import tariffs applied to

23、 manufactures.(c) termination of import tariffs applied to agricultural commodities.(d) termination of international theft of copyrights.(e) None of the above.Answer: E21. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization have resulted in(a) the establishment of universal t

24、rade adjustment assistance policies.(b) the establishment of the European Union.(c) the reciprocal trade clause.(d) reductions in trade barriers via multilateral negotiations.(e) None of the above.Answer: D22. Trade theory suggests that Japan would gain from a subsidy the United States provides its

25、grain farmers if the gains to Japanese consumers of wheat products more than offsets the losses to Japanese wheat farmers. This would occur as long as Japan(a) is a net importer in bilateral trade flows with the United States.(b) is a net importer of wheat.(c) has a comparative advantage in wheat.(d

26、) has an absolute advantage in producing wheat.(e) None of the above.Answer: B23. Countervailing duties are intended to neutralize any unfair advantage that foreign exporters might gain because of foreign(a) tariffs.(b) subsidies.(c) quotas.(d) Local-Content legislation.(e) None of the above.Answer:

27、 B24. Throughout the post-World War II era, the importance of tariffs as a trade barrier has(a) increased.(b) decreased.(c) remained the same.(d) fluctuated wildly.(e) demonstrated a classic random walk with a mean-reversion tendency.Answer: B25. In 1980 the United States announced an embargo on gra

28、in exports to the Soviet Union in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This embargo was mainly resisted by(a) U.S. grain consumers of bread.(b) U.S. grain producers.(c) foreign grain producers.(d) U.S. communists.(e) None of the above.Answer: B26. Export embargoes cause greater losses to

29、consumer surplus in the target country(a) the lesser its initial dependence on foreign produced goods.(b) the more elastic is the target countrys demand schedule.(c) the more elastic is the target countrys domestic supply.(d) the more inelastic the target countrys supply.(e) None of the above.Answer

30、: D27. The strongest political pressure for a trade policy that results in higher protectionism comes from(a) domestic workers lobbying for import restrictions.(b) domestic workers lobbying for export restrictions.(c) domestic workers lobbying for free trade.(d) domestic consumers lobbying for expor

31、t restrictions.(e) domestic consumers lobbying for import restrictions.Answer: A28. The average tariff rate to data on dutiable imports in the United States is approximately(a) 5 % of the value of imports.(b) 15% of the value of imports.(c) 20 % of the value of imports.(d) 25% of the value of imports.(e) more than 25% of the value of imports.Answer: A29. In 1990 the United States imposed trade embargoes on Iraqs international trade. This would induce smaller losses in Iraqs consumer surplus the(a) less elastic Iraqs demand schedule.(b) more elastic Iraqs deman