中考初中英语被动语态讲解精心整理.docx

1、中考初中英语被动语态讲解精心整理中考初中英语被动语态讲解（精心整理）被动语态专题 定义语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 被动语态的时态：“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表： 时态被动结构一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词一般将来时will/shall be+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are being+过去分词现在完成时ha

2、ve/has been+过去分词含情态动词can/may/must. be+过去分词 主动语态变被动语态的方法第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”， 时态不变。第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。请对比下面的主动句和被动句：主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China

3、. 被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by themin the southeast of China. 随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句）1.Bruce writes a letter every week. 2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. 3.We grow trees every spring. 4.My mother cleans our room every morning. 补充： S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾

4、语前加上介词to或for 。 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring .用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook 1. Mary gave him some books.He was given some books by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary.2. Her father bought her a new bike.She was bought a new bike by her father

5、. A new bike was bought for her by her father.随堂演练：（1）He gave me a book._(间接宾语作主语)_ (直接宾语作主语)（2）My father bought me a new bike._(间接宾语作主语)_ (直接宾语作主语)S+ V+ O+ OC带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。1.We call him Gina. He is called Gina (by us).2.They made me happy. I was made happy (by

6、 them).3.He asked me to come here. I was asked to come here (by him)补充：在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，需将to补上。使役动词let除外。使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel）, 二听（hear，listen to）,三让（make, have, let）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）I saw him play football on the playground just now.He was seen to play footba

7、ll on the playground by me.随堂演练：1. We saw them _(play) football. They _ _ _ _ football.2. We often hear her _(sing) in English. She_ often _ _ _ in English.另：see, hear 后接doing作宾补时, 在变为被动语态时不加to。 I can hear him singing. He _ _ _ _. 被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句The photos were taken in Japan. (改为否定句) （改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否

8、定回答） 被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。My bike was stolen yesterday. (2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。The pen was used by my father. 【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，take place等，没有被动语态。 被动语态注意点 含“不及物动词+ 介词/副词”（短语动词）的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。She took good care of her grandmother.Her grandmother was taken good

9、 care of by her.随堂演练1.People often talk about that film. That film is often talked _.2.He looks after me very well.I _.3. The nurse took good care of the sick man. The sick man _. 4. We should speak to the old people politely. The old people should _politely. 主动形式表示被动意义. (强调动作自然发生，或事物本身性质)a)某些连系动词:

10、look, smell, taste, feel, sound。主动形式表示被动意义。The music _(听起来) interesting.b)说明主语特征、状态的词。这类词通常主动表被动。grow well , ,wash well , write well , sell well，read well, break easily ,hurt badly（疼得厉害）随堂演练1. We grow rice every year. And it grows well.2. The glass was broken by a boy. This kind of glass _ easily.(容

11、易碎)3. The pen is sold here. It well . (写起来好)4. That book is sold here. It _/_well. (卖得好) (读起来好)5. The shirt is washed every day. And it _well. (洗起来好)6. I like eating the food. And it _ well (吃起来好)7. He _by a car yesterday. Now, his head _(疼)badly.c)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通

12、常主动表被动。d)need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。need doing sth = need to be donewant doing sth = want to be done require doing sth = require to be donebe worth doing sth 值得被做某事 My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。我的旧自行车需要修一下。随堂演练My clothes need _ (wash). Th

13、e book is worth _ (read) twice.The house needs _(repair). 表示动作自然发生的动词，如：appear, come out, happen, take place, die, disappear, fall, break down, itch, rise, belong to随堂演练1. In summer, leaves _(落下) . 2. His car _(抛锚了)on the way here.3. An accident _(发生) and he _(死了). 4. Great changes _(发生) over the ye

14、ars.5. A big cloud _(出现) when the sun _(消失).6. Our teacher told us the sun _(升起) in the east.二、英语书面表达专项训练2假如你是李华，你们学校准备组织学生本周五去北京世园会参观。你打算邀请外教 Peter参加。请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他集合的时间和地点，在那里可以做什么，以及参观时需要准备什么。提示词语： school gate, nature, culture, food and drink提示问题： When and where are you going to meet?What are yo

15、u going to do there?What do you advise Peter to prepare for the visit?Dear Pete,How is it going?I am writing to invite you to visit Beijing International Horticulture Exposition in Yanqing._Im looking forward to your early reply.Yours, Li Hua【答案】Dear Peter，How is it going?I am writing to invite you

16、to visit Beijing International Horticulture Exposition. We will meet at the school gate at 7:00 a.m. this Friday. Then we will go to Beijing International Horticulture Exposition together. We can do a lot of things there. We can not only enjoy the special and beautiful plants but also learn differen

17、t cultures in various indoor or outdoor shows. We plan to stay there for a whole day. Youd better wear a pair of comfortable sports shoes and take some food and drinks with you.Im looking forward to your early reply.Yours, Li Hua【解析】【详解】1. 题干解读：这是一篇给材料作文，属于应用文写作。本文已经给出了主要写作要点，动笔前要先认真阅读要点，写作中，应注意描述的全

18、面性，尽量将提示的内容利用上；提示的问题就是写作的基本方向，然后围绕要点适当发挥即可。2. 例文点评：文章采取邮件格式，时态以一般将来时态为主。语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，语言准确，语意连贯，表达清楚，具有逻辑性。3. 高分亮点：短语：school gate；invite sb. to do；a lot of；plan to do。句型：not onlybut also；Youd better ；Im looking forward to。3你是一位九年级的学生李明，你用英语写一封邮件给你的笔友Amy，感谢她对你关心，并告诉她目前你在全力以赴为中考而学习，并与她交流一下目前的学习和生活情况。

19、要点如下： (1). 虽然你大部分功课你都学得比较好，但是你对自己不满意。你认为自己学习上还要多花工夫。 (2). 你的父母对你严格要求，但是也很关心你。（举例说明，适当发挥23句） (3). 老师很乐意帮助你们。他们希望你们实现自己的理想。他们说（适当发挥23句）注意： (1). 要求语句通顺，意思连贯。 (2). 第2要点和第3要点要用23句话作适当发挥。 (3). 词数90个左右，邮件开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Hello!Dear Amy, thank you for caring.Now I am working hard for the senior high school

20、entrance examination. _How about you? I am looking forward to hearing from you. Yours Li Ming【答案】例文Hello!Dear Amy, thank you for caring.Now I am working hard for the senior high school entrance examination. I have got good results in most of my subjects, but I am not happy with myself. I think I mus

21、t spend more time on my studies.My parents are really strict with me. However, they care for me as well. Once upon a time, I failed in my physics exam and felt stressed and sad. They had a close communication with me and helped me solve my problems and cheer up again.My teachers are also ready to he

22、lp us. They hope that we can realize our dreams. They tell us to try our best and not to give up. Life is always full of ups and downs. Its important not to be afraid of any kind of difficulty. How about you? I am looking forward to hearing from you. Yours Li Ming【解析】【详解】本文属于材料作文，告诉艾米目前你在全力以赴为中考而学习，

23、并与她交流一下目前的学习和生活情况。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如get good results, spend+时间+on sth, be strict with, however, care for, as well, once upon a time, help sb do, cheer up, be ready to, tell sb to do, try ones best to do, be full of以

24、及it is adj to do sth等，增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。【点睛】写作时可以从以下几个方面做起：认真审题。审好题是写好书面表达的关键。审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。构思提纲。有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关的写作材料。通常书面表达给出的话题是开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心突出、明确的关键。初写短文。一切都准备就绪，就可以动笔写作了，在写作的过程中我们要注意句子的准确性、连贯性以及简洁性。使用的词语、短语及句型尽量用自己有把握的词。同时还要注意使用恰当的连词，使句子衔接自然。修改

25、润色。修改润色是获取高分的必要步骤。这一步我们除了检查短文的各种错误外，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，格式是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。4假如你是王梅，有一个弟弟/妹妹一直是你的梦想，去年你家里添了一个弟弟/妹妺，你非常开心，请根据内容要点，写一封电子邮件给你的笔友李蕾，和她分享你的快乐，告诉她你的变化。（ brother， sister任选其一）内容要点: （1）我一直想有个弟弟、妹妹；（2）去年我的梦想实现了，有了弟弟/妺妹；（3）他/她非常可爱，给我们带来了欢乐，伴我成长，不再孤单；（4）我学会了分享和照顾家人；（5）请补充几点弟弟、妹妹到来后你的变化。参考词汇：joy； grow up with sb.伴某人成长;on ones initiative主动地；help do the housework；study hard； set an example 树立榜样。写作要求：（1）不得使用真实姓名和校名（2）包含以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；（3）字迹工整，语言精练，表达准确，条理清楚；（4）词数80左右。（书信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。）Dear Li Lei,I have been dreaming to have a brother/sister. Last year,_