1、高考英语全国通用版优编增分二轮全国通用版试题专题2 阅读理解 第2节 九九、词句猜测代词指代题(2017全国,B)IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.WhenthestudiodidntwantmeforthefilmitwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaulhestoodupforme.Idontknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywoul
2、dhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺) andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtop
3、lay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachotherbutalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心) ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyourefortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingbackhewithhisNewman
4、sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidntseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.Hedbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothkne
5、wwhatthedealwas,andwedidnttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidntneedalotofwords.24Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?APaulNewmanwantedit.BThestudiopowersdidntlikehisagent.CHewasntfamousenough.DThedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.答案C解+析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whenthestudiodidntwantmeforth
6、efilmitwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaulhestoodupforme.”可知,电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人,由此可以判断,作者不够出名,故选C项。25WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?ATheywereofthesameage.BTheyworkedinthesametheater.CTheywerebothgoodactors.DTheyhadsimilarcharacteristics.答案D解+析推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知,作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心,并互开对方的玩笑,
7、即他们两人有相似的性格,故选D项。26Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?ATheirbelief.BTheircareforchildren.CTheirsuccess.DTheirsupportforeachother.答案A解+析代词指代题。根据第三段第一句“Wesharedthebeliefthat.”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知,画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起,故选A项。27Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthetext?AToshowhisloveoffilm
8、s.BTorememberafriend.CTointroduceanewmovie.DTosharehisactingexperience.答案B解+析写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的,从作者与保罗的最初相见,到友谊慢慢加深,以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗,由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友,故选B项。一、题型解读代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多,动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有:(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which.”referto?(
9、2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which.”inParagraph.refersto“”二、解题技巧“就近原则”判指代第一步:明确代词所指代内容的位置代词永远出现在原词之后,故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中,或者前几句中。第二步:熟悉代词的含义(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词,非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。第三步:替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词,核实句意是否合理,
10、前后内容是否一致。(2)比较所代部分与选项,确定意思最接近的选项。例如:【真题感悟】中第26题,sharingthat与前面的sharedthebelief呼应,由此可推知,拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友;thebelief替换that后,经核实意义正确,故选A项。A(2018河南新乡二模)Throughoutthepastfewyears,Ihavetriedtogivemyselftoothers.IhavebouncedaroundtofindwhereItrulyfitin.IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala,anorphanage(孤儿院),wit
11、hthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives,Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasntessential:7makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品)Ilivedliketheydid.Itwasthemostrelaxingfeelingintheworld.WhenatNuestrosPequenosHermanos,weweregiventhetaskofcreatingap
12、ig8pen.Atfirst,Ithoughtitshouldbeeasy.Afterarrivingattheareawherethepigpenshouldbe,wesawahill.Weweretoldto1uproottheweedsaswellasleveltheentirearea.Lookingatit,wefeltitwouldbeimpossible.Onmyownfaithjourney,Ihavefeltthistypeofdoubtbefore.The“hole”,aswereferredto,isasymbolofmyfaithjourney.Itappearedto
13、bean2obstacleIcouldnotovercome,butintheendIcompleteditwithefforts.Ifeelthispigpenwasnteasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.Ivealwaysstruggledtobeonajourneyoffaith,butIvenevercompletelysteppedfootontothepathuntilGuatemala.Ivealwaystriedtoopenmyhearttoeveryonearoundmeandgivethemmylove.IfeelasthoughIcut
14、openmyheartandshareeverybitofloveIhadwiththeseorphans.ThereisoneorphannamedCetowhowillalwaysremainveryclosetomyheart.InGuatemala,Isponsorwiththirtydollarsamonth,butitdoesntseemenough.Illreturntherenextsummerandgivemoreofmyloveforawholemonth.Whenitwastimetoleave,Ilookedoutofthewindowandsawnotjustordi
15、narychildren.Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间,改变了自己的生活,从而改变了自己的人生。1Whatresultedintheauthorsdecisiontoliveanewlife?ADesiretohelpothers.BDecreaseinhisincome.CAknowledgeoftheorphanslife.DAwarenesso
16、fthedifficultyinhislife.答案C解+析细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句可知,作者了解到孤儿的生活之后,决定改变自己的生活。故选C。2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?ARemovingthedoubt.BUprootingtheweed.CStartingthefaithjourney.DCreatingthepigpen.答案D解+析代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“Ifeelthispigpenwasnteasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.”可以猜测出,it代指建造猪圈这件
17、事。故选D。3WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhisexperienceinGuatemala?AItwasregretful.BItwasmeaningful.CItwasinteresting.DItwasfrightening.答案B解+析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出,作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。故选B。4Whatmaybethebest
18、titleforthetext?AAStepintoaNewWorldBAnAwfulFaithJourneyCAGreatSuccessinLifeDAReturnofConfidence答案A解+析标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出,在危地马拉期间,作者改变了自己的生活,从而改变了人生。故用AStepintoaNewWorld作为本文的标题最佳。故选A。B(2018内
19、蒙古包头一模)Vinegarisgreat.Itmakessalad,friesanddumplingstastebetter,andyoucanevencleanyourwindowswithit.Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplanetspopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience (CSRS) inJapanprovedthat.Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarma
20、kesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture,worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworldssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,itp
21、roducedachemicalcalledacetate(醋酸盐)themain3componentofvinegar.Afterdiscoveringthis,thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantsha
22、ddriedupanddied.Itshopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment,wetargetedthe4staplefoodsoftheworldrice,wheatandmaize.andprovedsuccessful,”JongMyongKim,co-authorofthestudy,toldPopularSciencemagazine.Kimhasalreadybeenintouchwithpeop
23、learoundtheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromfarmerstocompaniesand5amateurgardeners.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewiththemtomakeamethodtoapplythissystem,andmaketheprocessassimpleaspossible,”hesaid.Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefutu
24、re.语篇解读本文是一篇科普类文章。文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近期发现了一个有意思的现象:给植物加点“醋”,植物就能变得更耐旱5Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph1referto?AVinegarmayhelpcreaturessurvivebadweather.BVinegarisfoundinplantsbyJapanesescientists.CVinegarisveryusefulforcookingagoodmeal.DVinegarismainlyusedbypeopletocleanhouses.答案A解+析代词指代题。根据画线词
25、前一句“Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplanetspopulationsurviveclimatechange.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。故选A。6ScientistsinJapanfindfromtheirstudiesthat.AtheArabidopsiscouldsurviveindryweatherbecauseoftheshapeBsoilconditioncouldbechangedbypouringvinegarcontinuallyCtheacetatecanbeusedbyf
26、armerstoreplacethesoilDtheplantstreatedwithacetatecouldsurvivedryconditions答案D解+析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.”可知,在酸性环境下生长的植物更加耐旱。故选D。7Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?AItstoodifficultforfarmerstoacceptthemethod.BHowtodecreasethecostisthemainissue.C
27、Themethodis6promisingespeciallyinagriculture.DKeepingplantsalivemeansalotforscientists.答案C解+析推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句“Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.”可以推断出这种方法尤其在农业上很有前景。故选C。8Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?AJapaneseScientistsFindaPlantBVinegarCouldEndHungerC
28、VinegarandFoodDPlantsNeedWater答案B解+析标题归纳题。根据全文大意可知,科学家研究发现醋更能够让植物适应各种恶劣气候,提高粮食的产量,从而消除饥饿。所以用VinegarCouldEndHunger作为题目较为合适,故选B。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子,并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1Thismorningwhenwewerewalkingalongthestreetandfoundmanyfallentreeswhichhavebeenuprootedbythestorm.连根拔起;根除2Mostcompetitioncarswillonlyrolloverif
29、theyhitanobstacle.障碍;障碍物3Hydrogenisakeycomponentoffuelcells.组成部分,成分4WheatmaybePakistansstaplefood,andmilkyteaisthenationaldrink.主要的5Atthetime,IwasplayingasanamateurforCambridgeUniversityagainstprofessionalcountyteams.业余爱好者(二)同义词语替换6Weretryingtobringalongseveralpromisingyoungfootballplayers.hopeful(三
30、)一词多义7makeupn化妆品;组成(1)Eventhegeneticmakeupofthevirusisunderdebate.组成(2)Normallysheworelittlemakeup,butthiseveningwasclearlyanexception.化妆品8penv撰写;关(人或动物);n.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈;钢笔(1)Theanimalswerepennedupincages.关(人或动物) (2) Ireallyintendedtopenthislettertoyouearlythismorning.撰写(3)Takeapieceofpaperandapenandtr
31、ytofigureouthowyouknowwhenyourvaluesarefulfilled.钢笔(4)Apenisasmallareawithafencearounditinwhichfarmanimalsarekeptforashorttime.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈.长难句理解1Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives,Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasntessential:makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品)句式分析本句话是一个并列句,第一个and前的简单句是主系表结构;第二、三个and后的简单句与前面的句子主语一致,故省略了主语I,且这两个简单句为主谓宾结构;thatwasntessential:makeupandanyothersortofluxury为定语从句,修饰限定everything。精美译文因为听了关于他们生活的很多故事,我感动得留下了眼泪,开始质疑自己的生活方式并且放弃了所有不必要的东西:化妆品和其他的奢侈品。2Afterl
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