高考英语全国通用版优编增分二轮全国通用版试题专题2 阅读理解 第2节 九.docx

1、高考英语全国通用版优编增分二轮全国通用版试题专题2 阅读理解 第2节 九九、词句猜测代词指代题(2017全国，B)IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968，whenGeorgeRoyHill，thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid，introducedusinNewYorkCity.WhenthestudiodidntwantmeforthefilmitwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaulhestoodupforme.Idontknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat；theywoul

2、dhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference，webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺) andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtop

3、lay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors：humorous，aggressive，andmakingfunofeachotherbutalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心) ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyourefortunateenoughtohavesuccess，youshouldputsomethingbackhewithhisNewman

4、sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill，andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidntseeeachotherallthatregularly，butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.Hedbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothkne

5、wwhatthedealwas，andwedidnttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidntneedalotofwords.24Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?APaulNewmanwantedit.BThestudiopowersdidntlikehisagent.CHewasntfamousenough.DThedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.答案C解+析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whenthestudiodidntwantmeforth

6、efilmitwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaulhestoodupforme.”可知，电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选C项。25WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?ATheywereofthesameage.BTheyworkedinthesametheater.CTheywerebothgoodactors.DTheyhadsimilarcharacteristics.答案D解+析推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，

7、即他们两人有相似的性格，故选D项。26Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?ATheirbelief.BTheircareforchildren.CTheirsuccess.DTheirsupportforeachother.答案A解+析代词指代题。根据第三段第一句“Wesharedthebeliefthat.”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起，故选A项。27Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthetext?AToshowhisloveoffilm

8、s.BTorememberafriend.CTointroduceanewmovie.DTosharehisactingexperience.答案B解+析写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友，故选B项。一、题型解读代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which.”referto?(

9、2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which.”inParagraph.refersto“”二、解题技巧“就近原则”判指代第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。第二步：熟悉代词的含义(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。第三步：替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，

10、前后内容是否一致。(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【真题感悟】中第26题，sharingthat与前面的sharedthebelief呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友；thebelief替换that后，经核实意义正确，故选A项。A(2018河南新乡二模)Throughoutthepastfewyears，Ihavetriedtogivemyselftoothers.IhavebouncedaroundtofindwhereItrulyfitin.IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala，anorphanage(孤儿院)，wit

11、hthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives，Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasntessential：7makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品)Ilivedliketheydid.Itwasthemostrelaxingfeelingintheworld.WhenatNuestrosPequenosHermanos，weweregiventhetaskofcreatingap

12、ig8pen.Atfirst，Ithoughtitshouldbeeasy.Afterarrivingattheareawherethepigpenshouldbe，wesawahill.Weweretoldto1uproottheweedsaswellasleveltheentirearea.Lookingatit，wefeltitwouldbeimpossible.Onmyownfaithjourney，Ihavefeltthistypeofdoubtbefore.The“hole”，aswereferredto，isasymbolofmyfaithjourney.Itappearedto

13、bean2obstacleIcouldnotovercome，butintheendIcompleteditwithefforts.Ifeelthispigpenwasnteasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.Ivealwaysstruggledtobeonajourneyoffaith，butIvenevercompletelysteppedfootontothepathuntilGuatemala.Ivealwaystriedtoopenmyhearttoeveryonearoundmeandgivethemmylove.IfeelasthoughIcut

14、openmyheartandshareeverybitofloveIhadwiththeseorphans.ThereisoneorphannamedCetowhowillalwaysremainveryclosetomyheart.InGuatemala，Isponsorwiththirtydollarsamonth，butitdoesntseemenough.Illreturntherenextsummerandgivemoreofmyloveforawholemonth.Whenitwastimetoleave，Ilookedoutofthewindowandsawnotjustordi

15、narychildren.Overall，themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间，改变了自己的生活，从而改变了自己的人生。1Whatresultedintheauthorsdecisiontoliveanewlife?ADesiretohelpothers.BDecreaseinhisincome.CAknowledgeoftheorphanslife.DAwarenesso

16、fthedifficultyinhislife.答案C解+析细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句可知，作者了解到孤儿的生活之后，决定改变自己的生活。故选C。2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?ARemovingthedoubt.BUprootingtheweed.CStartingthefaithjourney.DCreatingthepigpen.答案D解+析代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“Ifeelthispigpenwasnteasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.”可以猜测出，it代指建造猪圈这件

17、事。故选D。3WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhisexperienceinGuatemala?AItwasregretful.BItwasmeaningful.CItwasinteresting.DItwasfrightening.答案B解+析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出，作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。故选B。4Whatmaybethebest

18、titleforthetext?AAStepintoaNewWorldBAnAwfulFaithJourneyCAGreatSuccessinLifeDAReturnofConfidence答案A解+析标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出，在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了人生。故用AStepintoaNewWorld作为本文的标题最佳。故选A。B(2018内

19、蒙古包头一模)Vinegarisgreat.Itmakessalad，friesanddumplingstastebetter，andyoucanevencleanyourwindowswithit.Andnow，accordingtoscientists，itmayevenhelptheplanetspopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience (CSRS) inJapanprovedthat.Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarma

20、kesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture，worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworldssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis，aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions，itp

21、roducedachemicalcalledacetate(醋酸盐)themain3componentofvinegar.Afterdiscoveringthis，thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days，theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived，whiletheuntreatedplantsha

22、ddriedupanddied.Itshopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment，wetargetedthe4staplefoodsoftheworldrice，wheatandmaize.andprovedsuccessful，”JongMyongKim，co-authorofthestudy，toldPopularSciencemagazine.Kimhasalreadybeenintouchwithpeop

23、learoundtheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromfarmerstocompaniesand5amateurgardeners.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewiththemtomakeamethodtoapplythissystem，andmaketheprocessassimpleaspossible，”hesaid.Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefutu

24、re.语篇解读本文是一篇科普类文章。文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近期发现了一个有意思的现象：给植物加点“醋”，植物就能变得更耐旱5Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph1referto?AVinegarmayhelpcreaturessurvivebadweather.BVinegarisfoundinplantsbyJapanesescientists.CVinegarisveryusefulforcookingagoodmeal.DVinegarismainlyusedbypeopletocleanhouses.答案A解+析代词指代题。根据画线词

25、前一句“Andnow，accordingtoscientists，itmayevenhelptheplanetspopulationsurviveclimatechange.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。故选A。6ScientistsinJapanfindfromtheirstudiesthat.AtheArabidopsiscouldsurviveindryweatherbecauseoftheshapeBsoilconditioncouldbechangedbypouringvinegarcontinuallyCtheacetatecanbeusedbyf

26、armerstoreplacethesoilDtheplantstreatedwithacetatecouldsurvivedryconditions答案D解+析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.”可知，在酸性环境下生长的植物更加耐旱。故选D。7Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?AItstoodifficultforfarmerstoacceptthemethod.BHowtodecreasethecostisthemainissue.C

27、Themethodis6promisingespeciallyinagriculture.DKeepingplantsalivemeansalotforscientists.答案C解+析推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句“Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.”可以推断出这种方法尤其在农业上很有前景。故选C。8Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?AJapaneseScientistsFindaPlantBVinegarCouldEndHungerC

28、VinegarandFoodDPlantsNeedWater答案B解+析标题归纳题。根据全文大意可知，科学家研究发现醋更能够让植物适应各种恶劣气候，提高粮食的产量，从而消除饥饿。所以用VinegarCouldEndHunger作为题目较为合适，故选B。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1Thismorningwhenwewerewalkingalongthestreetandfoundmanyfallentreeswhichhavebeenuprootedbythestorm.连根拔起；根除2Mostcompetitioncarswillonlyrolloverif

29、theyhitanobstacle.障碍；障碍物3Hydrogenisakeycomponentoffuelcells.组成部分，成分4WheatmaybePakistansstaplefood，andmilkyteaisthenationaldrink.主要的5Atthetime，IwasplayingasanamateurforCambridgeUniversityagainstprofessionalcountyteams.业余爱好者(二)同义词语替换6Weretryingtobringalongseveralpromisingyoungfootballplayers.hopeful(三

30、)一词多义7makeupn化妆品；组成(1)Eventhegeneticmakeupofthevirusisunderdebate.组成(2)Normallysheworelittlemakeup，butthiseveningwasclearlyanexception.化妆品8penv撰写；关(人或动物)；n.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈；钢笔(1)Theanimalswerepennedupincages.关(人或动物) (2) Ireallyintendedtopenthislettertoyouearlythismorning.撰写(3)Takeapieceofpaperandapenandtr

31、ytofigureouthowyouknowwhenyourvaluesarefulfilled.钢笔(4)Apenisasmallareawithafencearounditinwhichfarmanimalsarekeptforashorttime.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈.长难句理解1Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives，Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasntessential：makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品)句式分析本句话是一个并列句，第一个and前的简单句是主系表结构；第二、三个and后的简单句与前面的句子主语一致，故省略了主语I，且这两个简单句为主谓宾结构；thatwasntessential：makeupandanyothersortofluxury为定语从句，修饰限定everything。精美译文因为听了关于他们生活的很多故事，我感动得留下了眼泪，开始质疑自己的生活方式并且放弃了所有不必要的东西：化妆品和其他的奢侈品。2Afterl