胡壮麟语言学教程大纲分析及试题.docx

1、胡壮麟语言学教程大纲分析及试题胡壮麟语言学教程（修订版）学习指导第二部分 重点章节测试题Test One: Invitations to LinguisticsI. Choose the best answer. (20%)1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _. A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? A. tree B. t

2、ypewriter C. crash D. bang3. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.” is _. A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say“碎碎（岁岁）平安”as a means of controlling

3、 the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform? A. Interpersonal B. Emotive C. Performative D. Recreational5. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of l

4、anguage, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability B. Duality C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? A nice day, isnt it? Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.

5、 A. Emotive B. Phatic C. Performative D. Interpersonal7. _ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language users knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances. A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole8. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone

6、 that exists hear and now. It couldnt be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of _. A. cultural transmission B. productivity C. displacement D. duality9. _ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language. A. Psycholinguistics B. Anthropo

7、logical linguistics C. Sociolinguistics D. Applied linguistics10. _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguistics C. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguisticsII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (

8、10%)11. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language.12. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.13. Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication systems.14. Language is written because w

9、riting is the primary medium for all languages.15. We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted.16. Only human beings are able to communicate.17. F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole

10、 in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.18. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeares time is an example of the diachronic study of language.19. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.20. All the languages in the world today have both sp

11、oken and written forms.III. Fill in the blanks. (10%)21. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of _ communication.22. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed _.23. Language

12、 has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is _.24. Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the _ theory.25. Linguistics is the _ study of language.26. Modern linguistics is _ in the sense that the linguist

13、 tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.27. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _ over writing.28. The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study.29. Saussure put forward two important concepts. _ ref

14、ers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.30. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussures langue and Chomskys _.IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31. Design feature32. Displacement33. Competence34. Synchronic linguisticsV. Answer the follo

15、wing questions. (20%)35. Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature? （南开大学，2004）36. Why is it difficult to define language? （北京第二外国语大学，2004）VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37.

16、How can a linguist make his analysis scientific? （青岛海洋大学，1999）Test Two: Phonetics and PhonologyI. Choose the best answer. (20%)1. Pitch variation is known as _ when its patterns are imposed on sentences. A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice2. Conventionally a _ is put in slashes (/ /). A.

17、 allophone B. phone C. phoneme D. morpheme3. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are _ of the p phoneme. A. analogues B. tagmemes C. morphemes D. allophones4. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as _. A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula5. The diph

18、thongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as _ diphthongs. A. wide B. closing C. narrow D. centering6. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _. A. minimal pairs B. allomorphs C. phones D. allophones7. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of

19、speech sounds? A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phonetics C. Auditory phonetics D. None of the above8. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation? A. n B. m C. b D. p9. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels? A. i: B.

20、u C. e D. i10. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? A. Voiceless B. Voiced C. Glottal stop D. ConsonantII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11. Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than t

21、he segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.12. The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of a speech sound.13. Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution

22、 of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation.14. p is a voiced bilabial stop.15. Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.16. All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.17. When pure

23、 vowels or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place.18. According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into tense vs. lax or long vs. short.19. Received Pronunciation is the pronunciation accepted by most people.20. The maximal onset principle states

24、that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the coda rather than the onset.III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)21. Consonant sounds can be either _ or _, while all vowel sounds are _.22. Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought c

25、lose together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing _.23. The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the _ and the lips.24. One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth. A second element is the _ to which that pa

26、rt of the tongue is raised.25. Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without _.26. In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating _.27. In English there are a number of _, wh

27、ich are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.28. _ refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors.29. _ is the smallest linguistic unit.30. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of so

28、und. These movements have an effect on the _ coming from the lungs.IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31. Sound assimilation32. Suprasegmental feature33. Complementary distribution34. Distinctive featuresV. Answer the following questions. (20%)35. What is acoustic phonetics?（中国人民大

29、学，2003）36. What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation?（南开大学，2004）VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37. Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions; then give an English word that contains this sound. Examp

30、le: voiced alveolar stop d dog. （青岛海洋大学，1999） (1) voiceless bilabial unaspirated stop (2) low front vowel (3) lateral liquid (4) velar nasal (5) voiced interdental fricativeTest Three: MorphologyI. Choose the best answer. (20%)1. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as _. A. lexical words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words2. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called _ morpheme. A. inflectional B. free C. bound D. derivational3. There are _ morphemes in the word denationaliza