中考英语考点讲解形容词及副词.docx

1、中考英语考点讲解形容词及副词形容词和副词1、形容词用法 （1.）形容词在句中作定语， 表语， 宾语补足语。 例如Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）The fish went bad. （作表语） We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）（2） 形容词修饰something， anything， nothing， everything等不定代词时，形容词放在不定代词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything inter

2、esting in the film. （3）the+形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor.2、副词用法 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类： 1）时间副词：时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today， tomorrow， yesterday，before， late， early， never， seldom， sometimes， often， usually， always等。例如： He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow？ He i

3、s never been to Beijing.2）地点副词：地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here，there，inside，outside，home， upstairs，downstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere，down，up，off，on，in，out等。例如： I met an old friend of mine on my way home. He went upstairs. Put down your name here. 3）方式副词：方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由

4、一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的，有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly，它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously， badly， bravely， calmly， carefully， proudly， rapidly， suddenly， successfully， angrily， happily， slowly， warmly， well， fast， slow， quick， hard， alone， high， straight， wide等。例如： The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher caref

5、ully. The birds are flying high. 4）程度副词：程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much， （a） little， a bit， very， so， too， enough， quite， rather， pretty， greatly， completely， nearly， almost， deeply， hardly， partly等。例如： Her pronunciation is very good. She sings quite well. I can hardly agree with you.

6、5）疑问副词：是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how， when， where， why等。例如： How are you getting along with your studies？ Where were you yesterday？ Why did you do that？ 3、副词在句中的位置 1）多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例：Mr Smith works very hard. She speaks English well. 2）频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如： He usually

7、gets up early. Ive never heard him singing. She is seldom ill. 3）程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面， 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如： It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast. He didnt work hard enough. 4）副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如： On my way home， I met my uncle. The students there have a lot time to do their ow

8、n research work. 4、部分常用副词的用法 1） very， much： 这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如： She is a very nice girl Im feeling much better now. Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如： I dont like the idea much. They did not talk much. 2） too， either： 这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance，

9、and I can dance， too. I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either. 3） already， yet： already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如： He has already left. Have you heard from him yet？ He hasnt answered yet. 4） so， neither： so和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。 例如： My brother likes football and so do I. My bro

10、ther doesnt like dancing and neither do I. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较级最高级的构成：1.规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词: 一般情况加er, est 例如：clever-cleverer-cleverest以字母e结尾 加r, st 例如： nice-nicer-nicest 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时 双写加er, est 例如： big-bigger-biggest以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加er, est 例如：early-earlier-earliest 部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加more, most 例如：slowly-mo

11、re slowly-most slowly 2.不规则变化，须熟记： good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least1、形容词原级用法(1)说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。The pictures on the wall are nice. 墙上的图片很漂亮。(2)有表示绝对概念的副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时用形容词原级。The man is very tall. 这个人很高。(3)

12、表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。肯定句中的结构：“A.as形容词原级asB”English is as important as Chinese.英语和语文一样重要。否定句中的结构：“A.notas/so形容词原级asB”I am not so fast as Lucy.我没有露西快。表示“A是B的倍”时，用“A.倍数as形容词原级asB”结构,(两倍：twice；三倍以上：数字times)Our school is three times as big as his.我们学校是他学校的三倍大。This table is twice as long as that one.这

13、张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。“half as形容词原级as”表示“是的一半”His apples are half as many as his sisters.他的苹果是他妹妹的一半多。2、形容词比较级用法(1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A.比较级thanB”。The oranges in this bag are bigger than those in that bag.这个包里的橘子比那个包里的橘子大。(2)有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot, much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。 It

14、 is much hotter in Guangdong than that in Jilin. 广东比吉林热得多。(3)表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“Which/Who is形容词比较级，A or B？”表示。Which book is newer，this one or that one?哪本书更新一些，这本还是那本？(4)表示“几倍于”时，用“倍数比较级than”表示。Her house is twice bigger than mine.她的房子比我的大两倍。(5)表示“两者之间较一个(of the two)”时，常用“the比较级”结构。Tom is the talle

15、r of the two boys.汤姆是这两个男孩中较高的一个。(6)表示“越来越”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级and比较级”，当形容词是多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more形容词原级”。 Its getting warmer_and_warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our school is becoming more_and_more_beautiful我们的学校变得越来越漂亮了。(7)表示“越，就越”时，用“the 比较级，the另一比较级”结构。The_more we get together, the_happier well be.我

16、们越聚在一起就越高兴。3、形容词最高级用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。He is the youngest in our class.他是我们班年龄最小的。Marys handwriting is the best of the three girls.玛丽的字在三个女孩中是最好的。(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Who isthe最高级，A，B or C？”结构。Who is the oldest，Mary，Nancy or Lily?谁的年龄最大，玛丽，南希

17、还是莉莉？(3)表示“最的之一”时用“one of the形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。The pen is one of the most beautiful pens.这支钢笔是最漂亮的钢笔之一。(4)形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.在中国，黄河是第二长河。(5)形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。Tomorrow will be my busiest day.明天将是我最忙碌的一天。(6)形容词

18、比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的学生。Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高。特别注意：(1)-ing形容词与-ed形容词-ing形容词表示“令人

19、的”，表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。如：surprising“令人惊讶的”，exciting“令人兴奋的”，interesting“有趣的”等。 ed形容词表示“感到的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.beed形容词介词”结构。如：surprised“感到惊讶的”，excited“感到兴奋的”，interested“感兴趣的”等。We are all excited about the exciting news.我们听到这令人兴奋的消息都感到很激动。(2)在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。(在不同范围内比较时，主体可

20、以和其中任意一个对象进行比较)。如：China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。China is larger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。（） the + 形容词 表示某种人(the+adj.作主语时，谓语动词用复数） He always helps the poor.(1)副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级变法基本相同。请参见形容词比较等级用法。(2)在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时，部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“not.as/so副词原

21、级as”结构外，还可使用“less副词原级than”结构。Bill didnt do his homework as carefully as Jim.Bill did his homework less carefully han Jim.Bill做作业没有Jim认真。(3)副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。 Lin Tao did best in English of all. 林涛的英语最好。课堂练习 1.The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbin

22、g the hill. A.Others B. Other C. Another D.The other 2.There isnt _ in todays newspaper. A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important 3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sisters? -No,Mum. Its not _. Its _. A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D.hers, mi

23、ne 4.The Changjiang River is the third _ river in the world. A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest 5. An elephant is _ than a horse. A.more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong 6. Which do you like _, tea, orange or water? A.good B.Well C. Better D. Best 课后练习一 选择正确的答案 1.W

24、hich does Jimmy like _, Chinese or art? A. well B. best C. better D. much 2. The Changjiang River is one of _ in the world. A. the longest river B. The more C. the longest rivers D. longer river 3. _ of the two women is Mrs Brown. A. The beautiful B. The more beautiful C. More beautiful D. The most

25、beautiful 4. My mooncake is nicer _ his. A. like B. with C. for D. than 5. You are fatter than _. A. he B. his C. Him D. he is tall 6. He jumps _ of the three. A. far B. further C. Farthest D. furthest 7. My hair is longer than _. A. my sister B. Kate C. my brothers D.Lucys 8. There is _ paper here.

26、 Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little 9. The pen is _ than that one. A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper 10. Tom speaks Chinese _ better than Jimmy. A. more B. very C. a lot D. much 11. There are _ girls in Class 2 than in Class 4. A. more B. nicest C. most D

27、. best 12. Its too _ for you to do that. A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easist 13. Who has _ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most 14. You have more rulers than me. But _ are nicer than _. A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your 15. Tingtin

28、g is _ than Meimei，but Meimei is _ than Tingting. A. tall, stronger B. taller, strongest C. tallest, strong D. taller, stronger 16. Mother is _ in my family. A. Busy B. Busier C. the busiest D. more busy 17. There are _ in the park on Sundays. A. more children B. a lot of people C. much men and wome

29、n D. many peoples 18. The dumplings are _ than the noodles, I think. A. more nicer B. much delicious C. very nice D. much more delicious 19. She is _ than me at drawing. A. Better B. best C. good D. harder 20. This blue sweater is too big for me. Will you please show me a _ one? A. small B. Smaller

30、C. the smallest D. smallest 二用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Your classroom is _ (wide) and _ (bright) than ours. 2. There are _ hours of sunlight a day in winter than in summer. (few) 3. Which do you like _, maths or chemistry?(well) 4. This is the _ film I have ever seen. (good) 5. Africa is the second _ continent

31、. (large) 6. What he said made his mother much _. (angry) 7. Im not as _ as he. (careful) 8. Weve got as _ books as we need.(many) 9. They have done _ (much) work with _ (little) money. 10. Practice as _ as you can. (much) 11. Youre the _ person Ive ever seen. (kind) 12. He is _ than his two sisters. (young) 13. The _