1、高中英语真题多项选择题解题方法指导高中英语真题:多项选择题解题方法指导(一)语言特点和命题特点湖北高考英语多项选择题旨在“测试考生理解运用英语词汇知识的能力”。基于这种考试理念,加上若干年的考试实践,湖北的“多项选择题”具有以下鲜明的语言特点和命题特点:1.内容新颖贴近现实社会、生活等相关方面。如:Twolawyershavedonated$50,000tosponsorourschoolscampaign“HelptheNeedy”,whichwasstartedbyourformerheadmasterthreeyearsago.(2012,21)2.语言地道原味浓,呈现出较明显的英语书面
2、文句表达形式。如:Theoldengineerseyesstillshonebrightinthewrinkledbrownfaceandhisstepashecameacrosstheroomwassteady,thoughslow.(2011,23)3.结构复杂很多句子结构较复杂,与汉语思维及其表达方式相距较远。如:Asthereislessandlesscoalandoil,scientistsareexploringnewwaysofmakinguseofalternativeenergy,suchassunlight,windandwaterforpowerandfuel.(2009
3、,27)4.语境明显词义通过语境来呈现,体现“词”不离“境”、“词”为“境”用的语言规则。如:“Tommy,run!Bequick!Thehouseisonfire!”themothershouted,withpanicclearlyinhervoice.(2011,21)5.词类稳定基本固定在名词、动词、短语动词、形容词、副词、介词(短语)等范围之内。近三年词类考查分布情况如下:短语动词动词名词形容词副词介词(短语)2011年29题26、27、28题21、22题23、24、25题30题2012年23、24题21、22题29、30题27、28题26题25题2013年25、26题23、24题21
4、、22题27、28题29题30题6.能力考查不少题句有思辨、论说倾向,考生需调用哲理思考的空间进行分析,从而能有效地考查学生的词汇理解能力、运用能力以及逻辑推理能力。如:Knowledgeandlearningareimportantifwewanttobesuccessful,buttheymayalsolimitourthinking.(2011,26)(二)解题方法湖北高考英语多项选择题考查考生对词(短语)的理解,把它们放在具体的语言环境中去实际使用。它并不是如有人理解的那样只是简单的词义辨析,它更多的是考查考生结合题干所给的语境,抓住关键信息词去选用一个合适的词(短语)来表达一个完整的
5、语句意义。从这个意义上讲,每个句子都是一个微型的语境,因而从考生解题的层面上讲,理解词义是根本,读懂语境是前提,找准“题眼”是技巧。下面我们结合2013年湖北卷多项选择题具体来谈谈我们在复习备考过程中要学会的几种解题方法。1.语境分析法语境分析是指拿到题目后,要分析和把握题干所提供的基本句意。其方法是根据句子结构、句中的连接词等,找到关键信息,锁定与这个关键信息相匹配的一个选项。如:例1:【2013湖北】22.Carbondioxide,whichmakesa_betweenusandthesun,preventsheatfromgettingoutoftheatmosphereeasily,
6、sotheearthisbecomingwarmer.A.differenceB.comparisonC.connectionD.barrier【分析】本题关键信息词usandthesun,heat,atmosphere;解题思维指向:“二氧化碳隔热”的话题;解题关键词prevent。四个选项从结构上讲都可与make构成固定短语,但把prevent与相关的几个关键信息一起考虑的时候,我们就可以排除前三个的可能性。根据后边的preventsheatfrom可知二氧化碳是太阳和我们之间的一个屏障。答案为D。例2:【2013湖北】27.Peoplecomplainthatdecisionstoapp
7、roveordenyapermitareoften_ratherthanbasedonfixedcriteria.A.appropriateB.consciousC.arbitraryD.controversial【分析】本题关键信息词complain,approve,deny,ratherthanbasedon;解题思维指向:“人们处事的方式”的话题;解题关键词fixedcriteria。appropriate合适的,恰当的;conscious自觉的,有意识的;arbitrary随意的,武断的;controversial有争议的,引起争议的。根据后文“ratherthanbasedonfix
8、edcriteria而不是基于一些固定的标准”可知,C项是符合句意的。答案为C。例3:【2013湖北】29.Dontdefendhimanymore.Itsobviousthathe_destroyedthefenceofthegardenevenwithoutapology.A.accidentallyB.carelesslyC.deliberatelyD.clumsily【分析】本题关键信息词dontdefend,anymore,apology;解题思维指向:“不肯原谅(过错)”的话题;解题关键词evenwithout。在四个选项中,A、B、D都表示的是无恶意的、非人为因素所致的意义,只有
9、deliberately才与整个语境相符不仅故意破坏,甚至连道歉也没有。答案为C。2.信息照应法信息照应指的是在题干里前后有几个词在意义上互相映射,或为同(近)义,或为反义,或为关联,正是几个词之间的这种关系,使得承载的信息引导我们去进行四选一的选择。如:例1:【2013湖北】23.Whileintelligentpeoplecanoften_thecomplex,afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple.A.sacrificeB.substituteC.simplifyD.survive【分析】本题信息关键词是intelligentpeople,compl
10、ex,fool,simple;解题思维指向:“智者与愚者处理事情”的话题;解题关键词complicate。根据“afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple”,不难看出其相反的话语,从而找到与complicate意义相反的词语simplify。complicate正好对应simplify。而sacrifice牺牲;substitute代替;survive幸存,皆不具有与complicate相反的意义。答案为C。例2:【2013湖北】28.Hedidntselfishlykeepforhimselfthemoneyinheritedfromhisuncle.Ins
11、tead,hemadea_contributiontohelpthecommunity.A.commercialB.generousC.comparableD.profitable【分析】本题关键信息词是didntkeep,instead,contribution;解题思维指向:“对人的品质评价”的话题。本句先讲到“他不是自私地贪图钱财”后面进一步语气一转,说出与之对应的行为,自然是“慷慨”的赠送。本题解题关键词是selfishly,前面的selfish与后面的generous意义上正好相对,信息照应。答案为B。3.情理推论法所谓情理推论是指答题时根据题干中的信息,在四个选项中选出一个合乎句子
12、所描述情景的答案。往往是句子或是某些关键词表示了明显的事实情况,答题时需要进行合乎逻辑的推理和判断,才能答对。如:例1:【2013湖北】24.Accordingtothelaw,allforeignershaveto_withthelocalpolicewithintwoweeksofarrival.A.associateB.disputeC.negotiateD.register【分析】本题关键信息词是law,foreigners,haveto;解题思维指向:“外国人入境手续”的话题;解题关键词localpolice。根据相关信息词和常规情理可知,外国人在到达异地时,与当地警察不可能是“谈判
13、(negotiate)”或是“争论(dispute)”。再把“联系(associate)”与“登记(register)”比较一下,“登记(register)”更符合情理。答案为D。例2:【2013湖北】30.Anartistwhowasrecentlytravelingonaferrytothesouthernislanddiscovered_alonglostantiqueGreekvase.A.atrandomB.bychanceC.inturnD.onoccasion【分析】本题的关键信息词是traveling,ferry;解题思维指向:“发现古玩”的话题;解题关键词discover。按
14、照正常的逻辑,发现应为“偶然的、无意的”,不可能有“随意、随便”之说。另外,既然是发现一个花瓶,就不可能存在“依次”“偶尔”发现的可能性。答案为B。4.词义辨析法词义辨析是指把意义相近或在相似语境中可能出现的词语放在一起进行比较。例1:【2013湖北】21.Poetrywrittenfromthe_oftheurbanyouthtendstorevealtheiranxietyoveralackofsenseofbelonging.A.perspectiveB.priorityC.participationD.privilege【分析】本题的关键信息词是poetry,reveal,anxiet
15、y,alackof;解题思维指向:“诗文”的话题;解题关键词tendto。四个选项中,perspective观点,视角;priority优先权,最重要的事情;participation参与,参加;privilege特权,优惠待遇。根据它们不同的意义并结合语境可知,只有perspective才能把句子的意义表达清楚。即:以都市青年为视角的诗往往会展示他们缺乏归宿感的这种焦虑。答案为A。例2:【2013湖北】25.Butterflies_asweetliquidproducedbyflowers,whichbeesandotherinsectscollect.A.carryonB.feedonC.
16、putonD.focuson【分析】本题的关键信息词是liquid,flowers,bees,insects;解题思维指向:“动物生活”的话题。解题关键词collect;这四个选项中,carryon继续;feedon以为食;puton穿上;focuson集中注意力于。根据话题内容,feedon才是与之有关的词语。句意:蝴蝶会以蜜蜂和其它昆虫收集来的花朵中产生的甜味的液体为食。答案为B。例3:【2013湖北】26.Inmuchoftheanimalworld,nightisthetime_forsleeppureandsimple.A.setasideB.setdownC.setoffD.set
17、up【分析】本题关键信息词是night,time;解题思维指向:“动物生活”的话题;解题关键词sleep。四个选项中,setaside留出来,抽出时间;setdown写下,记下;setoff出发,动身;setup建立。本句较短,不难迅速看出其句意为:在动物的大部分世界中,夜晚是留出来用于睡觉的时间纯净而简单。答案为A。多项选择专练(一)1.Eventhoughyouhaveonlybasicknowledgeoffirstaid,youcanmakeagreat_tootherslifebeforethedoctorsaresenttohelpwhenanaccidentoccurs.A.im
18、pressionB.permissionC.functionD.difference2.Earthquakesareverycommonin.Asaresult,theJapanesepeoples_ofsafetyisextremelystrong.Theystarttraininginhowtoactinearthquakeswhentheyreinkindergarten.A.awarenessB.privilegeC.perspectiveD.performance3.Fromcarstomobilephones,fromglassestofurniture,fromclothesto
19、buildings,thedesignsarebasedonsimplicity,_thesimplewayoflifeinthissmallbutrichcountry.A.conveyingB.reflectingC.transformingD.encouraging4.AliceMunro,an82-year-oldCanadianauthor,knownas“masterofthemodernshortstory”,was_theNobelPrizeforLiteratureforherworksin2013,makingherthe13thwomantoreceivetheliter
20、atureprizeintheworld.A.appreciatedB.admiredC.awardedD.rewarded5.HavingstudiedatBeijingNormalUniversityforfouryears,Nancymadeuphermindto_herjobasateacherinbecauseoftheeyesofthosepoorchildrenthatwereeagerforknowledge.A.makeupB.takeupC.setupD.putup6.Somethingassimpleasclean-up,isnotonlytogetthecabincle
21、aninthecampsite,butalsotopromotethespiritofteam-workwhichinturn_friendshipamongchildren.A.adaptstoB.takestoC.keepstoD.leadsto7.Nowadays,whenyouwanttoreadnewsaroundtheworld,youaremore_toopenupyourlaptopthanpickupanewspaper.A.likelyB.potentialC.possibleD.probable8.Whilesrecenteconomicdatahavecheeredup
22、thecountrysmarkets,manyeconomistsremain_aboutwhethertheeconomicrecoverywillcarryonthroughouttherestoftheyear.A.curiousB.consciousC.preciousD.cautious9.Theprogramsaimedatyoungstersgrowingwaistlinearecontinuouslyappearingalloverthecountry,whichshowsthatthethreattochildrenshealthisbeingtaken_.A.slightl
23、yB.seriouslyC.naturallyD.normally10.Accordingtothe2013WorldHappinessReport,peopleinNorthernEuropearemoregeneroustoeachotherandalwayshavesomeonetodependonintimesoftrouble._,theircountriesarelessaffectedbycorruption.A.InturnB.InplaceC.InadditionD.Inreturn(二)1.Wearenowpressedfortimeandhaventthe_tohears
24、uchanemptytalk,soeveryoneattendingthediscussionshouldcometothepoint.A.privilegeB.attentionC.patienceD.measure2.Thecityofhasdevelopedreallyfastinthelastfiveyears;ithaschangedsogreatlythatitsbeyond_.A.recognitionB.immigrationC.contributionD.consideration3.Theprojectwasagreatsuccessthoughwemetwithlotso
25、fdifficulties,soI,onbehalfofourmanager,willtakeadvantageofthepartytoexpressoursincerethankstoallthose_.A.determinedB.occupiedC.giftedD.involved4.Alargenumberofscientists,suchasEinsteinandMarieCurie,didnt_greatimportancetofameandmoneyinhistory.Instead,theydevotedalltheirlivestotheirwork.A.adaptB.atta
26、chC.acknowledgeD.apply5.Accordingtotheplan,whichiscalledstoughest-everanti-pollutionmeasures,338citieswillberequiredto_theemissionsofcarbondioxidetomakesureofabluesky.A.cutdownB.setdownC.putdownD.breakdown6.WhenNeymarjoinedthissummer,peoplenaturallydoubtedwhetherhecould_Messipeacefully,whomheisalwayscomparedto,andalsowhetherhedbewillingtoacceptt
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