高三二轮复习语法填空的解题技巧及训练+动词时态的复习2.docx

1、高三二轮复习语法填空的解题技巧及训练+动词时态的复习22019年高三二轮复习-语法填空的解题技巧及训练+动词时态的复习（2） 一、课程介绍知识点 1.归纳讲解语法填空的解题技巧（2）-不给词填空（盲填）的解题技巧2.重点语法: 动词的时态语态（2）-动词的语态及其应用 教学重点 1.如何确定所填空部分的词性2.被动语态的判断依据及考点 教学难点如何判断部分没有被动语态的动词二、要点回顾语法填空Jonny: Hey! Im just practicing Tai Chi(太极).Would you like to join me?Peter: I know nothing about it. I

2、s it difficult?Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.Peter: OK. Dont laugh 61 me. I may look funny.Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and 62 (soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly , then be s

3、ure to keep your balance and dont let your body shake.Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become 63 (pain)Jonny: Keep 64 (hold) your position for a while .It helps develop your strength and flexibility .Raise your leg and let 65 stay in the air for seconds.Peter: I feel my legs shaking . I

4、 cannot do this any longer.Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi 66 (call)“shadow boxing in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well 67 strong. In real competition, a TaiChi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The 68 (hard) you try to beat him

5、, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!Peter: Unbelievable! Oh., 69 you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep 70 .【答案】61.at 62.Softly 63.painful 64.holding 65.it66.is called 67.as 68.harder 69.if 70.breath（注意）66题在判断时必须考虑到时态语态三、知识精要1.语法填空的解题思路（二）题型II：不给词填空（或称为盲填。每空只填一个词）1.连词：（1）并列连词：and，but

6、，or，so（2）从属连词（引导从句的连词）：that，what，which，who，when，how等2.冠词：（1）根据翻译：a/an“一个”，the“这个，那个，这些，那些”（2）固定搭配：如in the 1990s，等3.介词：同样从翻译和搭配入手4.代词：主要填人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词2.语法动词时态和语态（二）注意：时态语态的考查一方面要从时间状语入手，另一方面要从上下文翻译及语境入手时态语态的考查方向：语法填空、改错、写作本讲主要讲解动词的语态考点聚焦 2、被动语态考查要点简述被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词

7、表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不

8、变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long./He was made to work all day long(by the boss)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后

9、面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.It is known that pa

10、per was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that （2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。表示“

11、希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。（3）主动形式表被动意义。当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。This kind of cloth washes ea

12、sily.这种布易洗。These novels wont sell well.这些小说不畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door wont lock.门锁不上。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully./The lamps on the wall turn off.want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。

13、be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink./The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏He was hidd

14、en behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)四、要点讲练【要点1】语法填空-填并列连词这时设空部分的前后是等同的成分，可能是两个句子，也可能是两个词或短语，也可能是固定搭配，如either.or ,neith

15、er.nor,both.and, not only.but also 等【例题1】 (2016全国卷III)In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl” cultures of China,Japan,Korea,41 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.【答案】and【解析】通过空的前后可知，前后都是国家名，再根据意思判断，表示并列关系，所以填and【例题2】 (2016四川卷) It was time for her to have a new baby,50 it was a

16、lso time for the young panda to be independent.【答案】and【解析】通过空的前后可知，前后都是简单句，再根据意思判断，表示并列关系，所以填and【例题3】 (2017东北三省四市高三第一次联合考试) Doctors and researchers can see it happening, 70 they cannot provide description of why it started.【答案】but【解析】该句主要根据前后意思来判断，医生和研究者能够观察到它正在发生，但是他们无法解释它开始的原因【即学即用】用适当的并列连词填空1My n

17、ame is Robert， most of my friends call me Bob for short2It was raining hard， ，the peasants went on with their work3I dont like reading watching TVWhat about you?I dont like reading all day， I 1ike watching TV plays【答案】1.but 2.however 3.or，but【要点2】语法填空-填从属连词 从属连词的判断一方面看结构，另一方面看句意。首先判断从句的类型（定语从句、名词性从句

18、、状语从句），然后判断引导词的使用。【例题1】 (2017广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试二) During the week , Mark works in his high-class salon,but each Sunday, he walks around the city asking people 42 theyd like a haircut.【答案】whether/if【解析】通过句子语境可知，Mark周一至周五在高级美发厅上班，每个周日就在市区到处走走，问人们是否需要理发。Whether/if引导宾语从句，意为是否。【例题2】 (2017湖北省七市州教科研协作体高三4月联合考试

19、)_68_working at CCTV, he was hardworking and modest as well. 【答案】while/when【解析】考查状语从句，while/when引导，表示当 .时候。【例题3】 (2017全国卷I卷) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.【答案】which【解析】该句主要考查非限定性定语从句。【例题4】 (2017全国卷III卷) But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows alo

20、ng with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty。【答案】who【解析】该句主要考查定语从句，who指人，在句子中做主语。【即学即用】1I can still remember the sitting room my mother and I used to sit in the evening2The problem is we dont have enough money.31ll never forget the place I visited ten years ago.4 we all kn

21、ow，oil and water dont mix up5All is needed is a Supply of oil6I didnt know or not he had arrived in Wuhan.7. they are most interested in is they can produce more and better cars【答案】 1.where 2.that 3.which/that 4.As 5.that 6.whether 7.what/that【要点3】 语法填空-填代词代词主要可填人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词，填代词的判断一方面是根据

22、意思，另一方面是根据固定搭配。【例题1】（2017年全国II卷）However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_67_ every day.【答案】it【解析】it用来代替前面的railway 【例题2】（2016年四川卷） By that time,the panda no longer needed 48 (it)mother for food.【答案】its 【解析】根据句意“熊猫不再需要它的妈妈”，故用i

23、ts【例题3】（2015年广东卷）Now it occurred to _25_ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 【答案】him【解析】根据句式sth occur to sb，某人突然想到某事，可知填him。“现在，他知道他的农场有许多潜力，他奶牛的死并不是坏事”【即学即用】1At the time neither country allowed the to open any companies on its land2Have you read through

24、 the two books he lent you last week? No， of them is easy to read3I hate when people talk with their mouths full4The class are busy preparing lessons for a test5Would you care for tea or coffee? ，thank youIve just had some tea6 of them knew about the plan because it was k。pt a secret7. Have you fini

25、shed your report yet? No，Ill finish it in ten minutes【答案】 1.other 2. neither 3.it 4.their 5.neither 6.none 7.another【要点4】语法填空-填介词介词主要从搭配和基本词义入手【例题1】 （2017年全国III卷）After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. .【

26、答案】in【解析】根据句意，在某方面获得学位用in【例题2】（2016年四川卷）The mother continued to care for the young panda 47 more than two years. 【答案】for 【解析】一段时间用介词for【例题3】（2015陕西卷）I got a place next _64_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.【答案】to【解析】next to是固定搭配，“挨着”【即学即用】1We offered him our congratulations his passi

27、ng the college entrance exams2Lets walk over the sun.3This article is quite meThere are too many new words.4We cant feel that we are going forward as everything us is moving the same speed5Its so nice to go out for a walk a cool nice summer evening6He decided to look the matter himself.7. I ran an o

28、ld friend of mine yesterday，whom I hadnt seen for ages【答案】 1.on 2.in 3.beyond 4.round、at 5.on 6.into 7.across【要点5】语法填空-填冠词冠词也要从词义（a/an一个 the这个、那个；这些、那些）入手，也考查固定搭配问题【例题1】（2017年全国卷I卷）As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 【答案】a【解析】as a result,由于这个结果，因此的意思

29、，固定结构【例题2】（2017全国卷III卷） she is earning $6500 a day as 62 model in New York. 【答案】a【解析】作为一个纽约的模特，可数名词前a表示一个【例题3】（2017年全国卷II卷）This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over_64_ top. 【答案】the 【解析】根据句意在顶部要用the 【即学即用】1The party last night was successwe sang and dan

30、ced until it came to end at twelve2He served in the army in 1980s when he was in twenties.3Do you know who invented telephone?No，but it is really most useful invention4Do you like the novels? I dont like either of themPlease show me third one5Your uncle must have X- ray examination【答案】 1.a、an 2.the、

31、his 3.the、a 4.a 5.an 【要点6】 被动语态在语法填空中的应用被动语态可应用于语法填空中。主要判断步骤是：首先判断是谓语还是非谓语，然后判断时态、语态【例题1】（2017全国卷I卷）When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food【答案】areremoved【解析】该空应为谓语动词，根据上下文及翻译可判断是一般现在是的被动语态。“当脂肪和盐分从食物当中被移除”【例题2】(2016全国卷I)I_62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 【答案】was allowed 【解析】首先考查谓语动词还是