1、英语介词应用1介词 (上)介词不能单独使用,必须后跟宾语,构成介词短语在句中使用,介词短语= 介词+宾语。介词短语在句中可作状语、定语和表语等。如:The boys in the red vest are Chinese players.穿红色背心的男孩子是中国运动员。(定语)The work was done in a week.工作在一周之内就完成了。(时间状语)He was praised for his good mark.他由于成绩优良受到称赞。(原因状语)My sister works in Beijing University.我妹妹在北京大学工作。(地点状语)My friend
2、 was in hospital the day before yesterday.我朋友前天住院了。(表语)She was excited with joy.她因高兴而激动。(原因状语)介词的归类简单介词:in, on, to, with, by, for, at, from, up, beyond, before, among, of, off, against, like, since, besides, behind, during等about:*表时间,“大约,左右”What were you doing at about nine yesterday?昨天大约九点钟你在干什么?*表
3、地点,“在附近,到处”The old hunter used to live somewhere about the Great Wall.老猎人曾在长城附近居住过。On Sundays people walk about the streets.星期日人们在街上到处溜达。*关于He told us a story about a combat hero.他给我们讲了一个战斗英雄的故事。*惯用法:be about to 即将做What/How about ? 怎么样Hes about to go shopping.他就要去买东西。What /How about having a rest?休息
4、一会儿怎么样?for*为了(目的)We must resolutely support the people fighting for their national liberation.我们必须要坚决支持为民族解放而斗争的人民。*对于(对象)Here is a letter for you.这儿有你的一封信。*由于,因为(原因,理由)The teacher praised the student for his honesty.老师表扬了这个学生的诚实。Dont criticize him for his delay.不要因为延误而责备他。He excused himself for bei
5、ng late.他因迟到而请求原谅。He blamed me for the accident.他将这个意外归咎于我。*交换He sold the house for 50,000 yuan.他以5万元的价格把房子卖了。*达到某一数值She wrote a cheque for 20.她写了一张20英镑的支票。*经历之久(时间)I have studied English for three years.我已学英语三年了。*赞成,拥护Im for getting up early and going to bed early.我赞成早睡早起。*替(代表)Please say good-bye
6、to your sister for me.请替我向你姐告别。*惯用法:for one thing 首先for example 例如for ever 永远for the time being 暂时,目前for instance 例如for free 免费for the first time第一次for sale 出售,待售watch out for警惕long for 渴望for ones good为(某人)好 with* 和一起He is playing table tennis with Tom.他在和汤姆打乒乓球。* 用工具Dont write with a pencil.别用铅笔写。*
7、 随着The weather changes with seasons.气候随着季节而变化。* 带有,具有Socialist construction needs people with specialized knowledge.社会主义建设需要具有专门知识的人才。* 行为方式Handle with care!小心轻放。* 原因She shivered with cold.她冷得发抖。* 惯用法:with的复合结构 :常在句中作状语,表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况。with + 宾语 +prep. adj./ adv. doing to do(表示要执行的动作) done(表
8、示动作的完成及被动)She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)她经常开着窗户睡觉。He came in with a book in his hand. (prep.)他手里拿着本书进来了。She felt scared with so many people looking at her. (doing)这么多人看着她,她感到害怕。He was brought in with his hands tied back. (done)他双手绑在身后被带了进来。With everything bought, he left the market. (
9、done)买完了所需要的东西之后,他离开了市场。The king came in, with all his servants following him. (doing)国王进来了,身后跟着所有的仆人。With nothing to do, he went out for a walk .由于没有什么事情可做,他便到外面散步。He left his room with the light on. (adv.)他离开了房间,灯亮着。 by* 用于被动结构This book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。* 表地点,“靠近,在的旁边”There is a pump
10、ing station by the river.河边有一个抽水站。* 表时间,“在之前,不迟于”They will have got to Qingdao by the end of this week.周末之前他们将到达青岛。You must hand in your homework by tomorrow.你必须最迟明天交上作业。* 表方法、手段You will make progress only by studying hard.你只有努力学习才能进步。* 途径He entered by the back door.他是从后门进来的。* 表示按某物标准或单位The company
11、paid me by the hour.公司按小时付给我钱。Eggs are sold by the dozen in this supermarket.在这个超市,鸡蛋是按打卖的。* 根据,按照Dont judge a person by his appearance.不要按照外表来判断一个人。* 触及,持住某人的身体或衣物I took the boy by the hand.我拉着小男孩的手。 * 表增减程度He missed the target by an inch.他差一英寸就中靶了。The water level of the river rose by 6 metres.河里的水
12、位上升了6米。* 逐渐little by little 逐渐地day by day 一天天地year by year 一年年地stone by stone 一块石头一块石头地one by one 一个一个地* 乘坐by car/ bus/ taxi/ air/ plane/ ship/ water*惯用法:by mistake由疏忽所至by no means 决不by accident 偶然by chance 偶然,碰巧by oneself独自by and by 不久以后by far 得多,最 to * 趋于,倾向(某种情况,性质等),至某种状态He said that they should be hung up to dry.他说应该把它们挂起来晾干。I was moved to tears.我感动得流泪。He was sentenced to death.他被判死刑。Dont beat him to death.别把他打死。The house was burned to the ground.房子被烧为平地。* 到(地点)Last week her aunt came to Shanghai.上周她姑姑来到了上海。* 给
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