1、K12学习Grammar动词不定式教案Grammar:动词不定式教案Graar:动词不定式.不定式句法功能作主语:Thecatsaid,“Totaerollercoaster”isterrible.不定式短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首,但在很多情况下,尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中,往往放在谓语之后,而用先行代词it作形式主语。Thecatsaid,“Itsterribletotaerollercoaster.”Holongdidittaeyoutotaerollercoaster?Hoterribleitistotaerollercoaster?不定式作主语常见句型:a)Itis+ad+不定式b)
2、Itis+n.+不定式eg.ItsydutytoteachyouhotobeastudentofNo.3iddleSchool.c)Ittaes/needs/requires+soetie+不定式eg.Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.作表语:当句子的主语是ai,idea,policy,question,suggestion,ish,tas,duty,job,purpose等或者主语是hat引导的名词性从句时,后面可以用不定式做表语,用以说明主语所包含内容。eg.ourostiportanttasnoistoaeaplan.注:作表语的不定式都带to,但当主
3、语部分有实义动词do时,to可以省略。eg.Theonlythingecandonoisaitandsee.作宾语Thecatsaid“Reebernottotaeitnexttie!”.a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree,afford,tend,as,decide,deterine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,anage,offer,plan,proise,refuse,ant,ish等Idontant_lieIspeaingillofanybody,buttheanagersplanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobeso
4、undedc.soundingD.tohavesounded当不定式短语比宾补长时,往往将不定式放到宾补后,而用先行代词it作形式宾语,常用动词有feel,thin,find,believe,consider,ae等。Thecatfeltitterribletotaerollercoaster.b)不定式一般不作介词的宾语,只有少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to,如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do,does,did时,通常省略to。Eg.ehavenochoicebuttoait.cf.ecandonothin
5、gbutait.宾语补足语在SVoc句型中,许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。a)通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to,常用于以下动词之后:as,tell,advise,allo,enable,expect,force,get,lie,order,teach,ant,invite,ish,beg等youshouldgetthetohelpyou.但在谓语动词believe,find,thin,feel,consider,suppose,iagine,prove等后面跟tobe作宾补,不跟todoeg.Theybelievehitobehonest.b)以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to一些表
6、示“致使”意义的动词,如:let,have,ae等一些表示感觉的动词,如:hear,feel,see,atch,notice等Dontletthechildrentroubleyou.Iheardsoeoneopenthedoor.但当这两类动词为被动态时,不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上toHisfatheradehigotobedearly.Heasadetogotobedearlybyhisfather.作定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语,修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语:能带不定式作宾语的动词,其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attept,decision,proi
7、se,plan等eg.Hehasntepthisproisetoritetohisparentsregularly.常与不定式搭配的形容词,其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability,deterination,anxiety,eagerness等eg.Hiseagernesstofinishhishoeorasquiteclear.序数词形容词最高级或被only,last,next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语:Sheastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquae.Tips:不定式在作定语时,有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾
8、关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,它后面需要加上适当介词。Eg.Hesalaysthefirsttoeandthelasttoleave.主谓关系Ivenotietolistentoyourexcuse.同位关系Shehasaeetingtoattend.Theresnothingtoorryabout.作状语不定式可以作状语,表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。to,inorderto,soasto作目的状语Allthesegiftsustbeailediediately_intieforchristas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceivec.soas
9、tobereceivedD.soastobereceiving在soasto,such.asto,onlyto结构中不定式作结果状语,其中onlyto用于表示意想不到的结果。Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.enoughto,tooto结构eg.Theboyisntoldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.形容词+不定式结构eg.Igladtoeetyou.Thequestionisdifferenttoanser.Heishardtogetalongith.作插入语,用来
10、说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释,如tobefran,tobesure等。Eg.Totellyouthetruth,Ihateyou.作同位语eg.Theordertostartthegeneralattacsooncae.不定式的复合结构,以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构,如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用:forsb.todosth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。ItisnecessaryforetolearnEnglishell.如果该形容词是指行为的性质,同时又指行为的人,则用ofsb.todosth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有:right,r
11、ong,brave,careful,careless,clever,ise,stupid,cruel,foolish,good,honest,ind,nice,silly等。eg.Itsveryindofyoutoetoseee.连接代词+不定式,在句中起名词的作用,通常跟在诸如tell,no,sho,decide,learn,onder,explain等动词后作宾、主语或表语。Eg.Noonecantelleheretofindjohn.hentotheexaisstillunnon.Theprobleishotogetenoughoney.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式不定式的进行式由to
12、be+V-ing构成,用来表示谓语动词动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行。Eg.SoestudentspretendedtobereadingEnglishhentheteachercaein.不定式完成式由tohave+V-ed构成,用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。Eg.-IsBobstillperforing?-Iafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbeeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleavec.tohavebeenD.tobeleft答案是A不定式的被动式分为一般式被动tobeV-ing和完成式被动tohavebeen
13、V-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动语态。Eg.Itisanhonourforetobeinvitedtotheparty.Thebooissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoanylanguages.Allthesegiftsustbeailediediately_intieforchristas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceivec.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving动名词动名词的句法功能:动名词由动词加ing构成,与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起
14、名词作用,在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。作主语,可以直接放在句首,也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语,而把动名词后置。eg.Seeingisbelieving.Sayingiseasierthandoing.collectingstapsisagoodhobby.动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法:Itisnouse+动名词:做某事没有用Eg.Itsnousecryingoverspiltil.Thereisno+动名词Eg.Thereisnonoinghatayhappen.作表语:通常是说明主语的内容,注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别eg.Hishobbyiscollectingstaps.
15、可改为:collectingstapsishishobby.cf.Heiscollectingstaps.不能改为:collectingstapsishe.作宾语A.作及物动词的宾语,iss)eg.Hegotell-preparedforthejobintervie,forhecouldntris_thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingc.tobelostD.beinglost答案为B有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语,也可以接动名词作宾语,意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性,用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。Eg.IliesiingbutIdont
16、lietosiininter.动词prefer后面接不定式作宾语时,句子结构与按动名词作宾语是不一样。eg.Iprefertodriveratherthantobedriven.Ipreferdrivingtoriding.有些动词,如forget,reeber,regret等,后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作,不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。Eg.henasedbypolice,hesaidthathereebered_atheparty,butnot_.A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleavec.arriving,leavingD.arriving,to
17、leave在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语:动词+it+宾补+动名词eg.Ithinitnousetellingthe.ethinitnogoodinvitingtohi.B.作介词的宾语Eg.Thepresidentspoeatthebusinesseetingfornearlyanhour_hisnotes.A.bringingupB.referringtoc.looingforD.tryingonbeusedtodoing习惯于做;looforardtodoing盼望做;devoteoneslifetodoing致力于做;spenttiedoing花时间做;befondofdoing喜爱做;
18、begoodatdoing擅长做;beproudofdoing为做而自豪;betiredofdoing对做感到厌倦;feelliedoing欲想做;goondoing继续做;eepondoing不停地做;hataboutdoing做怎么样;thinofdoing考虑做;beinterestedindoing对做感兴趣;havesoedifficulty/troubledoing做某事有困难;bebusydoing忙于做;insteadofdoing做而不做eg.Everybodyinthevillageliesjacbecauseheisgoodattellingand_joes.A.turn
19、ingupB.puttingupc.aingupD.shoingup答案为c作定语动名词可作前置定语,表示所修饰的词的用途或目的,可用for改写;而现在分词作定语时,可用定语从句改写。siingpoolaitingrooalingsticasleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingchild=achildhoissleeping作同位语eg.Thatsthequeensfull-tiejob,layingeggs.这就是蚁后的专职工作产卵。动名词的逻辑主语人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格,即形容词性物主代词。Eg.Doyouindingysoinghere?逻辑主语
20、是不定代词或指示代词时,很少用所有格,而用普通格。Eg.Heasaaenedbysoeonenocingthedoor.Theresnoneedforthatbeingdone.逻辑主语是名词时,用所有格,但是如果名词为无生命物体时,则用普通格。Eg.aryslaughingadeToangry.Thereisnohopingofthefactoryaingprofit.在口语中,动名词如果不在句首,可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。Eg.Ireallycantunderstand_herliethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatc.hytreatD.youtreating动名词的完成式、一般式被动和完成式被动。Eg.Afterhavingfinishhisor,heenthoe.Heattendedtheeetingithoutbeingased.Shenevertoldeaboutherhavingbeenintervieedbythepolice.
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