解剖学英文单词.docx

1、解剖学英文单词解剖学英文单词（2009级临床医学、眼视光、临床病理、急救医学专业使用）anatomy解剖学locomotor system运动系统osteology骨学bone骨cartilage软骨bone marrow骨髓vertebra椎骨cervical vertebrae颈椎thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sacrum骶骨coccyx尾骨rib肋costal bone肋骨sternum胸骨sternal angle胸骨角cranium, skull 颅orbit眶paranasal sinus鼻旁窦frontal sinus额窦maxil

2、lary sinus上颌窦sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦ethmoidal sinus筛窦pterion 翼点cranial fontanelles颅囟clavicle锁骨humerus肱骨scapula肩胛骨radius桡骨ulna 尺骨carpal bones腕骨metacarpal bones掌骨phalanges指骨/趾骨hip bone髋骨ilium 髂骨ischium 坐骨pubis 耻骨acetabulum髋臼femur股骨patella 髌骨tibia胫骨fibula腓骨tarsal bones跗骨metatarsal bones跖骨arthrology关节学fibro

3、us joint 纤维连结artilaginous joint软骨连结synosteosis骨性结合joint, articulation关节vertebral column脊柱intervertebral disc椎间盘thoracic cage胸廓temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节shoulder joint 肩关节elbow joint 肘关节radiocarpal joint/wrist joint桡腕关节pubic symphysis耻骨联合pelvis骨盆terminal line界线sarotuberous ligament骶结节韧带sarospinous

4、 ligament骶棘韧带greater sciatic foramen坐骨大孔hip joint髋关节knee joint膝关节ankle joint踝关节transverse tarsal joint跗横关节meniscus半月板mycology肌学muscle 肌肉tendon 肌腱aponeurosis腱膜fascia 筋膜trapezius m.斜方肌latissimus dorsi m.背阔肌erector spinae m.竖脊肌sternocleidomastoid m.胸锁乳突肌pectoralis major m.胸大肌serratus anterior m.前锯肌inte

5、rcostal m.肋间肌diaphragm膈obliquus externus abdominis m.腹外斜肌inguinal ligament腹股沟韧带sheath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘linea alba腹白线inguinal canal腹股沟管inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角deltoid m.三角肌biceps brachii m.肱二头肌triceps brachii m.肱三头肌gluteus maximus m.臀大肌sartorius m.缝匠肌quadriceps femoris m.股四头肌adductor magnus m.大收

6、肌triceps surae m.小腿三头肌splanchnology 内脏学alimentary system消化系统digestive tube/digestive tract消化管oral cavity口腔palate 腭tongue 舌cheek 颊tooth 牙tonsil 扁桃体salivary glands 唾液腺sublingual gland舌下腺parotid gland腮腺submandibular gland下颌下腺pharynx咽esophagus食管stomach, gaster 胃cardia贲门pylorus幽门small intestine小肠duodenum

7、 十二指肠jejunum空肠ileum 回肠caecum 盲肠vermiform appendix阑尾colon结肠sigmoid colon乙状结肠rectum 直肠anal canal肛管anus肛门liver, hepar肝porta hepatis 肝门gall bladder胆囊pancreas胰respiratory system呼吸系统nose鼻nasal cavity鼻腔larynx 喉trachea 气管bronchus支气管lung肺pleura 胸膜pleural cavity胸膜腔pleural recesses胸膜隐窝costodiaphragmatic recess

8、肋膈隐窝mediastinum纵隔urinary system泌尿系统kidney 肾renal hilum肾门renal pedicle 肾蒂ureter 输尿管urinary bladder膀胱urethra 尿道reproductive system生殖系统testis 睾丸epididymis附睾ductus deferens 输精管ejaculatory duct射精管spermatic cord 精索prostate/prostate gland前列腺seminal vesicle精囊bulbourethral gland尿道球腺scrotum 阴囊penis 阴茎ovary卵巢u

9、terine tube 输卵管uterus子宫vagina阴道mamma, breast 乳房perineum 会阴pelvic diaphragm盆膈urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈peritoneum腹膜greater omentum 大网膜omental burse 网膜囊mesentery肠系膜subphrenic space 膈下间隙rectovesical ponch直肠膀胱陷凹rectouterine pouch 直肠子宫陷凹angiology 脉管学cardiovascular system心血管系统lymphatic system淋巴系统heart心cardi

10、ac atrium 心房cardiac ventricle心室tricuspid valve 三尖瓣mitral valve 二尖瓣conus arteriosus 动脉圆锥pulmonary orifice 肺动脉口aortic sinus主动脉窦interatrial septum房间隔interventricular septum室间隔sinuatrial node窦房结atrioventricular node房室结atrioventricular bundle房室束coronary artery 冠状动脉pericardium 心包pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干arteri

11、al ligament 动脉韧带common carotid a.颈总动脉carotid glomus 颈动脉小球internal carotid a.颈内动脉facial a. 面动脉superficial temporal a.颞浅动脉subclavian a.锁骨下动脉axillary a.腋动脉brachial a.肱动脉ulnar a.尺动脉radial a. 桡动脉superficial palmar arch掌浅弓thoracic aorta胸主动脉abdominal aorta腹主动脉coeliac trunk腹腔干left gastric a.胃左动脉common hepat

12、ic a.肝总动脉splenic a.脾动脉right gastroepiploic a.胃网膜右动脉superior mesenteric a.肠系膜上动脉common iliac a.髂总动脉external iliac a. 髂外动脉femoral a. 股动脉popliteal a. 腘动脉posterior tibial a. 胫后动脉peroneal a. 腓动脉dorsal artery of foot足背动脉uterine a.子宫动脉superior vena cava上腔静脉brachiocephalic vein头臂静脉internal jugular v.颈内静脉cep

13、halic v.头静脉basilic v.贵要静脉median cubital v.肘正中静脉azygos v.奇静脉great saphenous v.大隐静脉portal v. 门静脉paraumbilical v. 附脐静脉thoracic duct胸导管superficial inguinal lymph nodes 腹股沟浅淋巴结spleen脾thymus胸腺sensory organs感觉器visual organs 视器eye眼cornea角膜sclera巩膜iris 虹膜pupil瞳孔ciliary body 睫状体choroid 脉络膜retina视网膜optic disc视

14、神经盘macula lutea黄斑aqueous humor房水lens晶状体vitreous body玻璃体conjunctiva结膜lacrimal apparatus泪器ophthalmic a.眼动脉ear耳tympanic membrane鼓膜tympanic cavity鼓室auditory tube咽鼓管vestibule前庭cochlea耳蜗semicircular canal半规管peripheral nervous system周围神经系统spinal nerve脊神经spinal ganglia脊神经节cervical plexus颈丛phrenic n.膈神经brach

15、ial plexus臂丛median n.正中神经musculocutaneous n.肌皮神经intercostal n.肋间神经lumbar plexus腰丛obturator n.闭孔神经sacral plexus骶丛sciatic n.坐骨神经tibial n. 胫神经common peroneal n.腓总神经cranial n.脑神经olfactory n.嗅神经optic n.视神经oculomotor n.动眼神经trochlear n.滑车神经trigeminal n.三叉神经ophthalmic n.眼神经maxillary n.上颌神经mandibular n.下颌神经a

16、bducent n.展神经facial n. 面神经vestibulocochlear n.前庭蜗神经glossopharyngeal n.舌咽神经vagus n.迷走神经accessory n.副神经hypoglossal n. 舌下神经chorda tympani鼓索autonomic nervous system自主神经系统sympathetic nerve交感神经parasympathetic nerve副交感神经central nervous system 中枢神经系统spinal cord脊髓gray matter灰质cortex 皮质nucleus神经核white matter白

17、质medulla 髓质fasciculus 纤维束ganglion 神经节reticular formation网状结构spinal cord脊髓anterior horn前角posterior funiculus后索anterior white commissure白质前连合fasciculus gracilis薄束fasciculus cuneatus楔束spinothalamic tract脊髓丘脑束brain, encephalon脑corticospinal tract皮质脊髓束corticonuclear tract皮质核束brain stem 脑干medulla oblongat

18、a延髓Pyramid锥体pyramidal decussation锥体交叉pons脑桥midbrain, mesencephalon中脑red nucleus红核substantia nigra黑质cerebellum小脑diencephalons间脑Thalamus丘脑Hypothalamus下丘脑optic chiasma视交叉medial geniculate body内侧膝状体telencephalon端脑lateral ventricle侧脑室choroid plexus脉络丛internal capsule 内囊corpus callosum胼胝体corpus striatum 纹

19、状体cerebral cortex大脑皮质hippocampal formation海马结构limbic system边缘系统extrapyramidal system 锥体外系cerebral dura mater硬脑膜cavernous sinus海绵窦epidural space硬膜外隙subarachnoid space蛛网膜下隙spinal pia mater软脊膜cerebrospinal fluid脑脊液endocrine glands 内分泌腺thyroid gland甲状腺parathyroid gland甲状旁腺suprarenal gland肾上腺hypophysis垂体pineal corpus松果体