高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists素材 新人教版必修5.docx

1、高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists素材 新人教版必修52019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists素材 新人教版必修5话题词汇1creative adj.富有创造力的2determination n决心3humorous adj.幽默的4independent adj.独立的5profession n职业6qualification n资格；学历7be honored as被誉为8be active in积极从事于9be admitted into a key university考上重点大学10think highly/w

2、ell of对高度评价经典语篇请根据下面人物简介写一篇短文：姓名屠呦呦国籍中国职业药学家、科学家主要经历1.1930年12月30日生于浙江宁波；2.1951年考入北京大学，专攻/主修制药专业，于1955年毕业；3.毕业后接受中医培训两年半，并一直在中国中医研究院工作；4.1972年成功发现并制成一种治疗疟疾的药物青蒿素而获得多种奖项；5.2015年10月5日，她被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，成为中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性科学家。总结我们要向她学习，投身科学研究。参考词汇：中国中医研究院/所China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine；疟疾malar

3、ia佳作欣赏Tu Youyou，a famous female pharmacologist and scientist，was born in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province on December 30th,1930. In 1951，she was admitted into Beijing University，majoring in making medicine and graduated in 1955.After graduation she was trained in traditional Chinese medicine for two years a

4、nd a half and she has been working in China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1972，she succeeded in discovering and developing artemisinin out of a Chinese herb to cure those patients of malaria in different places of the world，so that she won many big awards.To our excitement an

5、d delight，she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on October 5th,xx，being the first Chinese woman who won the Nobel Prize .We are called on to learn from her and devote ourselves to scientific research.思维发散1将第句改为含有定语从句的复合句Tu Youyou，who is a famous female pharmacologist and scientis

6、t，was born in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province on December 30th,1930.2将第句改为含有时间状语从句的复合句After she graduated，she was trained in traditional Chinese medicine for two years and a half.3将第句中的so that从句改为“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句In 1972，she succeeded in discovering and developing artemisinin out of a Chinese herb to cure th

7、ose patients of malaria in different places of the world，for which she won many big awards.4将第句中的定语从句改为短语作定语being the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize.重点单词A写作单词1handle (n.)柄；把手；(vt.)处理；操纵2blame (vt.)责备；谴责；(n.)过失；责备3defeat (vt.)打败；战胜；使受挫；(n.)失败4cure (vt.)治愈；痊愈；(n.)治愈；治疗；疗法5attend (vt.)照顾；护理

8、；出席；参加6conclude (vt.& vi.)结束；推断出conclusion (n.)结论；结束7expose (vt.)暴露；揭露；使曝光exposed (adj.)无遮蔽的；无保护的8absorb (vt.)吸收；吸引；使专心absorbed (adj.)专心致志的9challenge (n.)挑战；(vt.)向挑战challenging (adj.)挑战性的10pollute (vt.)污染；弄脏polluted (adj.)被污染的pollution (n.)污染11announce (vt.)宣布；通告announcement (n.)宣布；通告12instruct (vt.

9、)命令；指示；教导instruction (n.)命令；指示13suspect (vt.)认为；怀疑；(n.)被怀疑者；嫌疑犯suspicious (adj.)怀疑的；可疑的14contribute (vt.& vi.)捐献；贡献；捐助contribution (n.)贡献；捐助15reject (vt.)拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection (n.)拒绝B阅读单词16expert (n.)专家；行家；(adj.)熟练的；经验或知识丰富的17universe (n.)宇宙；世界18chart (n.)图表19backward (adv.& adj.)向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)20

10、spin (vi.& vt.)(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)21characteristic (n.)特征；特性22neighborhood (n.)附近；邻近23foresee (vt.)预见；预知24link (vt.& n)连接；联系25severe (adj.)严重的；剧烈的；严厉的26firework (n.)烟火(燃放)27positive (adj.)积极的；肯定的；确实的28construct (vt.)建设；修建construction (n.)建设；建筑物29scientific (adj.)科学的scientist (n.)科学家30physician (n.)医生；内科医师p

11、hysical (adj.)身体的；肉体的31enquiry (n.)询问enquire (vt.)询问32analyse (vt.)分析analysis (n.)分析33certainty (n.)确信；确实certain (adj.)某一，必然的certainly (adv.)无疑地，确定地34responsible (adj.)有责任的；负责的responsibility (n.)责任35movement (n.)移动；运动；动作move (v.)移动，搬动36enthusiastic (adj.)热情的；热心的enthusiasm (n.)热情，热心37cautious (adj.)小

12、心的；谨慎的cautiously (adv.)小心地caution (n.)谨慎.重点短语1put forward提出2draw a conclusion得出结论3expose.to使显露；暴露4be to blame for该为受责备；应为承担责任5link.to.将和联系或连接起来6apart from除之外；此外7(be) strict with.对严格的8make sense讲得通；有意义.经典句式1Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们不知它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。2So many thousands of terrif

13、ied people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发(霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的百姓病死。 3To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。4Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make s

14、ense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 5He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把固定着的太阳放在太阳系的中心位置上，行星都围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。.课文语法填空John Snow，a wellknown doctor in London，became 1.inspired(inspire) when he thou

15、ght about helping ordinary people who 2.were exposed(expose) to cholera，a 3.deadly(dead) disease of his day.Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak 4.because no one knew the cause of it.John wanted to help solve 5.the problem.He got interested in two theories 6.explaining(expl

16、ain) how cholera killed people.He believed in the second theory that suggested that people 7.absorbed(absorb) the disease with their meals.In 1854,8.when another outbreak hit London，he was ready to test the two theories.With the help of the map he made，he got a valuable clue about the cause of the d

17、isease and was able to announce that the water was 9.to blame(blame)The water panies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally “King Cholera” 10.was defeated(defeat).1. conclude v.断定，推断出；得出结论；使结束，终止 end (1)conclude sth.with.就某事与某人达成协议；以结束conclude sth.from.从推断出(2)arrive

18、at/reach/e to/draw a conclusion得出结论in conclusion总之；最后(1)So what can we conclude from this debate?那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论？(2)What conclusions do you draw from the evidence youve heard?从你听到的证据中你得出什么结论？多维训练(1)单句语法填空He concluded his speech with a famous saying.What can we conclude from Staffords research?In c

19、onclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.(2)一句多译从以上讨论可以得出两个结论。Two conclusions can be drawn from the above discussion.There are two conclusions to be drawn from the above discussion.2. expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光应试指导非谓语动词句法功能的考查expose.to使显露；暴露expose sth./sb./oneself to.使某物/某人/自己暴露于b

20、e exposed to暴露于；接触到 (1)These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue.这些单元让孩子们接触到有关某一特定问题的多种观点。(2)They have not been exposed to most diseases mon to urban populations.城市人口中多数常见的疾病他们都没有接触到。多维训练(1)同义词语替换The newspaper exposed his secret to the public.let out/gave away(2)同义句改写Being exp

21、osed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(用v.ing的主动形式作主语改写)He was exposed to the rain and wind last night and he was ill.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)Exposed to the rain and wind last night，he was ill. 3. absorb v.吸

22、收 液体、气体等 take in ；吸引全部注意力 attract ；使全神贯注 interest sb.very much ；使并入，吞并absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意absorb.from.从中吸收be absorbed in全神贯注于be absorbed by/into被吞并吸引 (1)International affairs absorb his attention.他专心研究国际问题。(2)Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从

23、土壤中汲取水分。(3)She was absorbed in the book.她专心于这本书。特别提醒表示“使全神贯注”的常见短语还有：be lost in，be buried in，fix/focus ones attention on，devote.to，concentrate ones mind on，apply oneself to，be addicted to等。多维训练(1)单句语法填空When deeply absorbed(absorb) in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleepi

24、ng.Most little shops have been absorbed into/by big businesses.After absorbing(absorb) enough water，the plants grow well.(2)同义句改写He was so absorbed in TV that he forgot to sleep.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Absorbed in TV，he forgot to sleep. 4. blame v.把归咎于，责怪，指责 say or think sb.is responsible for ；n.过失；责任 respons

25、ibility ；责备，指责应试指导be to blame主动形式表被动意义的用法1blame sb.for.因而指责某人；把归咎于某人blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame for sth. 应承担责任；该受责备主动形式表被动意义2accept/bear/take the blame for.对负责；为承担责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上 (1)Everybody knows that he is to blame for this.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。(2)I am ready to tak

26、e the blame for the mistake.我准备为这一错误承担责任。(3)The president put the blame pletely on his opponent.总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。词义辨析blame，charge，accuse(1)blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于(on)。常用于blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人；blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人。(2)charge控告；谴责。常用于charge sb.with (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。(3)accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accuse

27、sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。多维训练(1)用blame，charge，accuse的正确形式填空It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.She was said to have been charged with drunk driving.I was told that he was accused of murder. (2)一句多译他把考试失败归咎于老师。He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher.(blame.on)He blamed t

28、he teacher for the failure of his exam.(blame.for)He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher.(blame n)5. contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助 give money or goods to. ；是的原因之一 be one of the causes of sth. ；贡献；投稿 write.for. 多词一义contribute to，result in，be responsible for，bring about，lead to，ca

29、use1contribute.to.把贡献给contribute to有助于；导致；把时间投入到2make a contribution/contributions to对作出贡献；捐款 (1)He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。(2)Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund?你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？图解助记多维训练(1)同义句改写Various factors contributed to hi

30、s downfall.Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused/brought about his downfall.(2)In a discussion group，its very important that everyone (should) contribute(每个人都应贡献) whatever is in their minds.6. apart/aside from除之外；此外 根据上下文的不同，可以分别相当于besides，except或except for表示“除之外”的短语还有：besidesin addition to除之外还，也，常与also，more，other等连用。except除外都，常与all，every，no，none，nothing等含有整体、肯定或否定意义的词连用。except for除以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。(1)Apart from the cost，the dress doesnt suit me.姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我。(2)No one apart from her husband knew about her job.除