三年高考英语真题分项版解析 专题05动词的时态和语态.docx

1、三年高考英语真题分项版解析 专题05动词的时态和语态专题5 动词的时态和语态2019年高考题1.【2019北京】21.Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred.A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work【答案】C考点：考查时态【名师点睛】一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing) 二、过去进行时的用法：1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for

2、 camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 When I got to the to

3、p of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。例如：One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源。2.【2019北京】23. Excuse me, which movie are you waiting f

4、or?The new Star Wars. We _ here for more than two hours.A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting【答案】D考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下：1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。-Hi, Tracy, you look tired. -I am tired. I have been painting the livin

5、g room all day.They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。I have been waiting you for about one hour.。(说话时等的动作刚结束)She has been working all night long.3. 表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停） Weve been discussing the matter several times this year. I have been saying goodbye to som

6、e friends today.3.【2019北京】25. I _ half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read【答案】B【解析】试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。“看小说”这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选B。考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成时基本用法：1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在

7、造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long.例如：It has been five years since he joined the

8、army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。3、现在完成时需注意的问题：1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意：

9、非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别： have/has been to 去过某地，现在已经回来； have/has gone to 去了某地，在去的路上或已经在那

10、里。I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）现在完成时考点分析：现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent

11、years等。下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成时This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成时This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you

12、have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.4.【2019北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded【答案】D考点：考查时态和语态【名师点睛】一般

13、将来时表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：A shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。B be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚

14、至已做了某种准备；be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)C be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.D be about to do sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事”，通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用，构

15、成常考句型：sb was about to do when sb did sth。Autumn harvest is about to start.被动语态的构成一般式进行式完成式现在时am/is/are+p.pam/is/are+being+ p.phave/has+been + p.p过去时was/were+ p.pwas/were+being+ p.phad +been + p.p将来时shall/will+be+p.pshall/will+have been+ p.p注意：含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态：由“情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-

16、ed形式构成。含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态：其构成为“be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式”。5.【2019江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, _in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made

17、【答案】B考点：考查时态语态6.【2019江苏】29.Dashan, who_crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it upwith the Western stand-up tradition.A. will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查时态。本句的时间状语是“for decades几十年来”，该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用，本句强调这几十年来大山

18、一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。考点：考查时态7.【2019天津】3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _ for years. A. didnt see B. havent seen C. hadnt seen D. wouldnt see【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。考点

19、：考查动词时态。【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示过去的过去的动作，还有一个特点就是和过去的一段时间搭配。8.【2019浙江】9. Silk _ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becom

20、ing【答案】A【名师点睛】动词的时态、语态是选择题中必考内容之一，动词的各种时态形式都可能考到，不过最常考的是一般现在时态，一般过去时态，现在进行时态，以及一般将来时态，现在完成时态，同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查，做语法填空题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如本小题第一个空就是考查谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面，本小题考查过去完成时，从三个方面来进行判断：1. 看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句，本小题时间状语是by about 100 BC，故判断是过去完成时。2. 在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的

21、谓语动词的形式。3. 看是否是特殊句型等。如：It was+the first time+that从句中用过去完成时。2019年高考题1.【2019北京】22.-Did you enjoy the party?-Yes,we_by our hosts.A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated【答案】A 【考点定位】考查动词的时态及语态。【名师点睛】本题考查时态和语态，本题需要先看句子中有没有明确的时间状语，然后再看有没有相关的词，比如隐藏的时间点，和一些动词的过去式。解答时态语态题时，学生需要注意结合上下文语境，找出相

22、关提示词来判断时态；并且分析出主语和动词是主谓关系还是动宾关系。2.【2019北京】26.in the last few years,China _ great achievements in environmental protection.A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】判断时态可以从时间

23、状语入手，题干中的in the last few years为现在完成时的时间标志词。类似的还有over/ for/ during the last/ past years/months均为现在完成时的时间标志，所以做此类题时，需要先看句子中是否有明确的时间点，然后我再判断时态。3.【2019北京】27.Did you have difficulty finding Annhouse?Not really.She_us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?A.was to give B.had given C.was givi

24、ng D.would give【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：你觉得找到安娜家的位置困难么?不会。她告诉我们很清晰的方向，并且我们很容易就找到了。根据题干可知，安娜告诉他们方向发生在他们找到她家之前，因此，发生在过去动作之前的动作要采用过去完成时。故选B。【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】本题考查学生对时态的掌握情况，现在完成时和过去完成时都是考试中常出的考点。分析前后两句两个动作，判断出后者的动作发生在前者的动作之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。4.【2019北京】30. Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I

25、_ him later.A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling【答案】A【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】本题根据对话形式进行时态考查，句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。5.【2019重庆】1.Is Peter coming?No, he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.A. changes B. changed C. was changing D

26、. had changed【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。【考点定位】考查动词的时态。【名师点睛】动词的时态一直是热点，需要根据时间状语来进行确定，但本题要根据当时的语境来进行再次确认，才得到答案。首先看到第一句话Is Peter coming来了吗？可知彼得还没有来，而下句话at the last minute最后一刻，符合一般过去时的用法中的，第一条：一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作）。6.【2019重庆】13.

27、 In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_ cut.A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：在我的家乡，麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经完成，才会举行庆祝活动，故选D项。【考点定位】考查动词的时态【名师点睛】现在完成时现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不

28、确定的过去时间状语连用表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语。7.【2019浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was【答案】C【考点定位】考查动词时态【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查

29、的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的1879, would change的提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。8.【2019天津】 Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement_ so far by the two sides.A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached【答案】A【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】本题考查时态。现在完成时

30、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。分析此题只需要牢牢抓住时间状语so far“到目前为止”，从而判定出所应当运用的时态。9.【2019天津】6. Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _ a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时

31、候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 oclock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选D。【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语，以及that time所代指的时间，再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选择正确的答案。10.【2019四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A. are being built B. will be built C. have b