高考必备40句型.docx

1、高考必备40句型高中必备基础句型句型1would rather that somebody did宁愿;更愿意(表示现在或将来的愿望)would rather that somebody had done宁愿;更愿意(表示过去的愿望)句型2as if/though+主语+did/had done好像(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)参考句型4句型3wish +宾语从句，表示不大 可能实现的愿望表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时;表示过去的愿望：主语+had done;表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do句型4Its high/about time that s

2、omebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) 早就该句型5情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法could have done 本来可以(表示过去没有实现的可能)。might have done 本来可能;本来应该或可以做某事(实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。should/ought to have done 本来该做某事(而实际未做)should not/ought not to have done 本来不该做(实际却做过了，含有责备语气)neednt have done 本来不必做(但是已经做过了)would rather have done 当时宁愿做了某事(

3、实际没有做过);否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示后悔之意。句型6as, though, although引导的让步状语从句。注意although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。参考倒装结构 请注意下列句式的变化：句型7before特殊用法(1)没来得及就句型8before特殊用法(2)过了多久才或动作进行到什么程度才句型9It was + 时间段+before.过了多久才(怎么样)It was not long before.不久，就It will (

4、not) be +时间段+before.要过多久(不久)才(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)句型10in case of(+n.) 以防;万一;in case that以防，万一(谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形)句型11It强调句型强调句的基本构成：It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who(主要指人时)/that + 其余部分注意1这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语(包括时间，地点，方式，原因等)，但是不能强调谓语动词(参考句型15)。原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It isthat/who.;原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It wasthat/wh

5、o.;强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when, where或how, 必须用that。句型12(1)、祈使句(表条件)+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句(表结果) 否则，要不然 (2)、祈使句(表条件)+ and +主句(表结果)句型13until.直到时候;notuntil直到才句型14unless除非，如果不(=ifnot)句型15when引导的从句when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是when引导并列分句，意思是这 时突然;就在那时，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：(1)、主语 + be

6、 doing when意思是正在做某事这时;(2)、主语 + be about to dowhen;(3)、主语+be on the point of (doing) when意思是正要去做某事这时句型16while引导的从句while除了有当/在时候的意思外(注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词!)，另外的两层意思也是考查的重点： (1)while = although 尽管、虽然，引导让步状语从句;(2)while的意思是然而;可是，常用来表达对比关系。句型17where(地点从句)注意where引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点

7、时，这时可以用in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。句型18what引导的从句what在英语中非常活跃,它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。句型19as引导的非限制性定语从句在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子 前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know; a

8、s is well known to; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。注意1as通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。注意2as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指事先可以预料到的料想到的，表达好的方面。注意3as引导限制性定语从句时，常

9、构成the sameas; suchas; so/as as等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。句型20which引导的非限制性定语从句(也引导限制性定语从句)which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等)，在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词 的)、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是不好的、事先没有预料到的等时，常用which，只指物。句型21(1)、疑问词+ever whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever,wherever, however用来引导让步

10、状语从句，相当于no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how连用。(2)、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等引导名词性从句，这时不能用no matter+疑问词替换。句型22全倒装句型(一)here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装句型23全倒装句型(二)表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装;谓语动词多为be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物动词。句型24全倒装句

11、型(三)(表语)adj. / v-ing / v-ed +(地点状语)+ be(或其他动词形式)So adj./advthat如此以至于(so引导的句子倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装!) (这种结构是半倒装句。)句型25半倒装句(一)否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means(决不), at no time(在任何时候都不)，nowhere, in no case (无论如何都不);not in the least (=not at

12、 all) , on no condition(决不) 等。句型26 半倒装句(二)not only, but also(前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装)句型27半倒装句(三)neither, nor放在句首句型28半倒装句(四)only + 状语放在句首，句子半倒装句型29半倒装句(五)so + be动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 也(表示肯定意思)neither/nor +动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 也(表示否定意思)句型30so it is with somebody = its the same with somebody前者怎么样，后者也怎么样注意前面既有否定句又有肯定句，

13、或有多个谓语动词或助动词难以选择时，用此句型。句型31(从句)If + were/did(动词的过去式)，(主句)主语 + would/might/should/could + do(表示对现在情况的假设)句型32(从句)If + had done, (主句)主语+ would/might/should/could +have done(表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设)句型33(从句)If + were/did(动词过去式)/were to do/should do，(主句)主语+ would/might/should/could + do(表示对将来的假设)句型34虚拟语气条件句的倒装

14、在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were, had, should，可以省去if, 把这些词放在句子前面，构成虚拟倒装句。句型35if only引起的感叹句，相当于 How I wish + 宾语从句，意思是但愿;要是就好了句型36 if it were not for (= were it not for) if it hadnt been for (= had it not been for)要不是因为有;如果不是句型37but for + 名词和but that +从句，意思是倘若不是;要不是，接虚拟语气句型38在动词insist(1坚持做某事)，order, command(2命令), ad

15、vise, suggest, propose(3建议做某事)，demand, require, request, ask(4要求)等表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。基本句型：主语+ (should) + 动词原形。另外像decide, desire, intend, recommend等也要接(should)+动词原形结构。注意1advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement等名词引导的同位语从句或表语从句，谓语动词用 (should

16、) + 动词原形。注意2Its suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。注意3suggest意思是表明，暗示;说明时;insist意思是坚持观点，坚持看法时，句子不能用虚拟语气。句型39It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential(基本的)等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即主语+(should)+动词原形句型40Its strange/surprising/a p

17、ity/a shame/a surprise (that) should doshould表示竟然句型1would rather that somebody did宁愿;更愿意(表示现在或将来的愿望)would rather that somebody had done宁愿;更愿意(表示过去的愿望)例句Id rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。Id rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.我到情愿

18、你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。Id rather that I hadnt seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没有看到她。句型2as if/though+主语+did/had done好像(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)参考句型4例句Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.Alan talked about Rome as if he had bee

19、n there. Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。句型3wish +宾语从句，表示不大 可能实现的愿望表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时;表示过去的愿望：主语+had done;表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do例句How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己!I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadnt wasted so much time playing!What a pity you cant go t

20、o the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!句型4Its high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) 早就该例句Its time that you went to school.= Its time that you should go to school.Its high time that we did something to improve our environment. 该是我们为环保做些事情了。I think its high t

21、ime that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。句型5情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法could have done 本来可以(表示过去没有实现的可能)。might have done 本来可能;本来应该或可以做某事(实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。should/ought to have done 本来该做某事(而实际未做)should not/ought not to have done 本来不该做(实际却做过了，含有责备语气)neednt have done 本来不必做(但是已经做过了)would rather have done 当时宁愿做了某事(

22、实际没有做过);否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示后悔之意。句型6as, though, although引导的让步状语从句。注意although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。参考倒装结构 请注意下列句式的变化：例句1. Although/Though Im young, I already know what career I want to follow.Young as/though I am, I already know what caree

23、r I want to follow.我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。2. Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea.Much as/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. 虽然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的观点。3. Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.Child(省略冠词)as/though he is, he kno

24、ws a lot of Chinese characters. 他虽然还是个孩子，却认识了许多汉字。4. Although he tried, he couldnt solve the problem.Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. 尽管他努力了，但是他没有解决问题。5. Although it is raining, Im going out for a walk.Raining as it is, Im going out for a walk. 天虽然在下雨，我还是要出去散步。6. Strange as it may seem

25、, nobody was injured in the accident. 这次意外虽然显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。7. Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do. 虽然我很想帮助你，但是我有很多事要做。8. Object as you may, I will go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。句型7before特殊用法(1)没来得及就例句The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。He ran off

26、 before I could stop him. 我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her.让我非常失望的是，我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌手打招呼，她就已经离开了。句型8before特殊用法(2)过了多久才或动作进行到什么程度才例句They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.他们西行50英里才看到一个村庄。The

27、workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.工人们连续工作3天才使一切恢复正常。He almost knocked me down before he knew it.他几乎撞到我了才意识到。We had walked a long way before we found some water.我们走了很长的路才找到一点水。Five years went by before I knew it. 不知不觉，五年过去了。句型9It was + 时间段+before.过了多久才

28、(怎么样)It was not long before.不久，就It will (not) be +时间段+before.要过多久(不久)才(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)例句It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回来。It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再过半年你才能毕业。It will not be lon

29、g before they understand each other. 他们大概不久就会互相了解。句型10in case of(+n.) 以防;万一;in case that以防，万一(谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形)例句In case of fire, what should we do?Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 万一我忘了，请提醒我。In case (that) John comes/should come, please tell him to wait.Please take your umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).带上雨伞，以防下雨。句型11It强调句型强调句的基本构成：It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who(主要指人时)/that + 其余部分注意1这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语(