高中英语语法张冠李代.docx

1、高中英语语法张冠李代第7讲张“冠”李“代”1By that time，the panda no longer needed _ (it) mother for food.(2016四川)答案its解析考查代词。句意为：到那个时候，熊猫就不再需要妈妈给她喂食了。it指代熊猫，作mother的定语，故用it的形容词性物主代词its。2Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for_while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.(2016全国)答案a解析考查冠词。句意为：到外边一会儿，锻炼或

2、做你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和脑子休息一下。for a while意为“一会儿”，为固定搭配。3_ prize for the winner of the competition is _ twoweek holiday in Paris.(2016浙江)答案The；a解析考查冠词。句意为：这个比赛给获胜者的奖品是在巴黎度假两周。第一空是特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词the；第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。 4The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admi

3、red by even _ most modern of architects and engineers.(2015全国)答案the解析考查冠词。句意为：由美国西南部的Pueblo印第安人所修建的土坯房甚至被最现代的建筑师和工程师所欣赏。most意为“最的”，为形容词的最高级，故用定冠词the。5. He owned _ farm，which looked almost abandoned.(2015广东)答案a解析考查冠词。他拥有一个农场，这个农场看起来都快废弃了。此处指“一座”农场，为泛指概念，故填a。6_ more learned a man is，_ more modest he u

4、sually becomes.(2015陕西)答案The；the解析考查冠词。句意为：一个人越是博学，他往往变得越是谦虚。the more.，the more.意为“越，就越”为固定句式，故两空都填定冠词。7Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be_Beethoven.(2015四川)答案a解析考查冠词。句意为：布赖恩有作曲天赋，他很有可能成为一个贝多芬式的人物。不定冠词用在人名前，表示“像那样的人”；又因Beethoven是以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。8How would you like _ if you were

5、watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？(2015浙江)答案it解析考查代词。句意为：如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目，这时有人走进房间，不征求你的意见就把电视关掉，你会怎么想？表示喜好的动词(如like，dislike，hate，appreciate等)后面有从句时，不能直接跟从句，需要用it作形式宾语，然后再接从句。9Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacatio

6、n.Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.(2014广东)答案it解析考查代词。从空后的a wonderful holiday destination可知，这个地方就是Miami，在前面提到过，故用it代替。10They chose Tom to be _ captain of the team because they knew he was _ smart leader.(2014江西)答案the；a解析考查冠词。句意为：他们选汤姆为这个队的队长，因为他

7、们知道他是一名精明的领导。第一个空特指这个队的队长；第二个空为泛指。一、冠词(一)不定冠词不定冠词的常考点包括：1泛指一个人或物，放在单数可数名词前；2表示“某一个”用不定冠词a/an；3具有动作意义的短语：have，take，make等以及构成同源宾语的词answer，dream等，表示短暂性动作，名词前需要用不定冠词。take a look，make an answer，have a try，dream a dream等；4某些抽象名词具有某种特征、状态和情感，表示具体概念时可以与不定冠词a连用；5不定冠词表示“每”用于价格、速度、时间概念的表达中；6固定搭配中的不定冠词。as a res

8、ult of由于；all of a sudden突然；as a rule通常；a waste of浪费；as a whole总体上等。(二)定冠词1特指某人或某物；2序数词和形容词、副词的最高级或由only，very，same等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the；3the和形容词、过去分词连用表示一类人或事物；4用在姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或夫妻俩人；5用于逢十的数词前，表示世纪的某个年代。二、代词(一)人称、物主和反身代词1主格与宾格(1)主格：I，we，he，she，they；(2)宾格：me，us，him，her，them。2物主代词(1)形容词性：your，my，his，her，our，

9、their，its等，在句中作定语，表示物体的所属；(2)名词性：yours，mine，his，hers，ours，theirs，its等，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，但不作定语。3反身代词既是动作的承受者又是动作的执行者，在句中作宾语、表语、同位语，如：myself；yourself；herself；himself；itself；ourselves；yourselves；themselves。(二)不定代词1both，either，neither都强调两者，可用作主语、宾语和定语。both表示“两者都”；either表示“两者中任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”。2all，none都强

10、调三者或三者以上。all表示“全部都”；none表示“全部都不”。3one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”；ones为复数形式。4that，thosethat代替单数名词或不可数名词；those代替复数名词或集合名词。5another，the other，other，othersanother表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个，再一个”；the other意为“(两者中的)另一个”；other意为“其余的，另外的”；others泛指其余的人或物。(三)it的用法1用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容；2作形式主语，置于句首，代替后置的、由不定式、动名词或从句构成的真正的主语成分；3作形式宾语，代

11、替置于宾语补足语后面的不定式、动名词或从句；4固定结构中的it：make it；take it that.；hate/like/enjoy/appreciate it that.等。1The Internet has made _ easier than ever to start a business.答案it解析考查代词。句意为：互联网已经使得创业比以前更容易了。此处make后面有宾语补足语，故用it代替真正的宾语，即不定式短语to start a business。2In 251 BC，Li Bing，in Sichuan，led the local people in building

12、 the Dujiang Weirs，the first irrigation network in the world，in which bamboo played_important role.答案an解析考查冠词。play a/anadj.role in意为“在方面起着作用”。此处形容词important第一个字母发音为元音，故用冠词an。3But you can always depend on one thingif a critic thinks a movie is bad，itll be _ huge success.答案a解析考查冠词。success表示“成功的事物”时，为可

13、数名词，此处为泛指“一个”，故用不定冠词a。4This is _ wellknown selfmockery joke.答案a解析考查冠词。joke为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个”，故用不定冠词a。5People arent used to making _ unprepared chat with a stranger.答案an解析考查冠词。句意为：人们不习惯与陌生人进行一次未准备好的聊天。由于chat在本句中充当可数名词，意思是“聊天”，而且在其前面有unprepared一词修饰，故用不定冠词an。6So lets start not to eat snakes any more beca

14、use “to protect the snake is to protect _.”答案ourselves解析考查反身代词。句意为：所以让我们开始不要再吃蛇了因为“保护蛇就是保护我们自己”。此处发出“保护”动作的为“我们”，保护的应该是“我们自己”，故用反身代词ourselves。7“The key is getting it right in gaming，” he says.“And then _ rest will come.”答案the解析考查冠词。句意为：“在游戏中关键是走上正道”，他说。“接着其他的就会接踵而来。”关键语境“剩余的；其他的”为有范围的特指概念，故用定冠词the。8

15、It allows us to laugh at _(us)，to see the bigger picture and to see that things will work out.答案ourselves解析考查反身代词。句意为：这允许我们自嘲，看到较大的图片并且知道情况会解决。laugh at的动作是宾语us发出的，其承受者也是us，故填us的反身代词ourselves。9Today_ English seaside remains popular with more than 18 million holidays taken there each year.答案the解析考查冠词。

16、句意为：今天英国海滨仍然受欢迎，每年超过1 800万的人在那里度假。此处的seaside为限定范围的English的海滨，故用定冠词表示特指。10Throughout the day，more and more people offered Johannes _(they) gloves and even the coats off their backs.答案their解析考查代词。句意为：一整天，越来越多的人自愿提供给约翰内斯手套，甚至从背上脱下上衣来给他用。此处的they作定语修饰gloves，故用形容词性物主代词their。11He said the vegetables were s

17、maller than _ grown in fresh water.答案those解析考查代词。句意为：他说这些蔬菜要比淡水里长大的(蔬菜)小。由句中的than可知，此处为比较级，空格处代替前面出现的the vegetables，为复数名词，故填those。12I saw_ elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair.答案an解析考查冠词。elderly第一个字母发音为元音；couple表示“一对”，故填不定冠词an。13Martin _(him) attended the sick man.答案himself解析考查反

18、身代词。句意为：马丁亲自照顾病人。分析句子结构可知，空格处作Martin的同位语，根据句意指“马丁自己”，故用him的反身代词himself。14Dont lose _(you) temper too much.答案your解析考查代词。句意为：不要大发脾气。you此处作定语修饰temper，故用形容词性物主代词your“你的”。15They blanket the earth and keep the air from losing much of _(it) heat.答案its解析考查代词。句意为：他们覆盖上地面，阻止空气失去它的太多热量。heat受“空气的”修饰，故用its代替airs

19、。强化练(十六)1These days，both women and men 1._(surround) by magazines and websites full of tips about dieting，exercise and fashion.Gone are the days 2._ all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome.Things have changed.Now，a survey has suggested that 80% of men admit 3._(be) un

20、happy about their body.The biggest body issues for 4._(they) were beer bellies and lack of muscles.Some think this sudden vanity is due 5._ the pressure of influence of role models we see on TV and in magazines.People end up with a perception of 6._ the perfect body should look like.But not everybod

21、y wants to put in the effort to have perfect muscles like Arnold Schwarzenegger.An opportunistic designer has even invented a muscleenhancing shirt 7._(make) the buyer look more of a hunk(猛男)But Joe Warner，the former editor of Mens Fitness magazine，thinks the muscleenhancing shirt is just 8._ trick.

22、He thinks many people in the country are overweight and should accept they need to do more exercise 9._(regular)Exercise is always good.But we mustnt forget beauty is only skin deep.Character is 10._(important) than appearance.1答案are surrounded解析考查动词的时态和语态。主语both women and men与surround为被动关系，故用被动语态；根

23、据下文可知，整篇文章都用的一般现在时，故填are surrounded。2答案when解析考查定语从句。先行词为the days，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。3答案being解析考查非谓语动词作宾语。需用动名词形式作admit的宾语。4答案them解析考查代词。介词后需用代词的宾格形式，故答案为them。5答案to解析考查介词。due to.为固定搭配，意为“由于，因为”。6答案what解析考查宾语从句。“_ the perfect body should look like”为宾语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且设空处表示“物”，故用what引导。7答案to make解析考查非谓

24、语动词作状语。句意为：一名投机的设计师甚至发明了一款增强肌肉的衬衫以便使购买者看上去更像猛男。根据句意可知设空处作目的状语，故用不定式。8答案a解析考查冠词。设空处后的名词trick在本句中表示泛指，且trick为可数名词，故设空处填不定冠词a。9答案regularly解析考查副词。此空需用副词作状语。10答案more important解析考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知设空处需用形容词的比较级形式。2A radio host was so 11._(determine) to get listeners in the Christmas spirit that he locked 12

25、._(he) in a studio and played Whams Last Christmas，on repeat,24 times.Joe Kohlhofer began 13._ 8 am drivetime show on Austrias Antennae Carinthia station by blocking the door to the station with a wooden chair and 14._(tell) his cohost he would be presenting on his own.His partner could 15._(apparen

26、t) only watch through the glass wall as Kohlhofer took 16._(call) from listeners begging him to stop playing the song，which was put on loop for almost two hours.And according to Austrian media reports，the host gave up his Christmas protest only 17._ his own fouryearold daughter was put 18._ line，say

27、ing she didnt like the song.What will happen next to Kohlhofer remains 19._(clear)The station claimed that his behaviour was unplanned，and they havent made any decision about his future.20._ the programme director told Austrias Kurier newspaper that the host could face “consequence”It might be his “

28、Last Christmas” at the station.11答案determined解析考查形容词。determined意为“坚决的；决定了的”，为形容词形式，作表语。12答案himself解析考查反身代词。此处意为“把自己锁在了”，故用反身代词。13答案the/his解析考查限定语。此处限定8 am drivetime show，故用定冠词the或主语Joe Kohlhofer的所有格形式his。14答案telling解析考查动名词。and连接并列成分作by的宾语，and前用了动名词形式(blocking)，其后也应用动名词形式，故填telling。15答案apparently解析考查

29、副词。此处修饰动词watch，应用副词形式，故填apparently。16答案calls解析考查名词。根据后面的listeners可知此处为收到的“呼喊”，不止一个声音，故用call的复数形式。17答案when/after解析考查连词。此处表示“当时候/在后”，故用连词when或after引导时间状语从句。18答案on解析考查介词。on line在此处意为“在线”。故用介词on。19答案unclear解析考查形容词。根据下句中的“they havent made any decision”可知“前途未知”，故用“不明朗”，填clear的反义词形式unclear。20 .答案But解析考查连词。

30、上句提到前途不明朗，此处说“最后的圣诞节”可知前后意思不同，故用but表示“转折”意义。3When I made the decision to become a teacher，I 21._(enthusiastic) studied the principles of my university，but the moment I stepped foot in Room 203，I discovered how really 22._(prepared) I was for the difficulty.One of them even folded my syllabus(教学大纲) into an airplane and threw 23._ at me.