四级长句分析.docx

1、四级长句分析四级真题阅读长难句100句分析1.Scott Hahn,cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton,says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Scott Hahn says。high-qualitysustainablefind为says的宾语。which引导的非限制性定语从句which uses all-organic cotton修

2、饰的是Roganand Loomstate。cofounder with Gregory为ScottHahn的同位语。【译文】Scott Hahn与Gregory同为使用全有机棉的Rogan和Loomstate公司的创始人，他声称，高质量的可持续使用面料仍然很难寻觅到。2.Most designerswith existing labels are finding there arent comparable fabrics that can justreplace what youre doing and what your customers areused to,” he says. (

3、2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Most designersarefinding。there arentusedto为省略了that的宾语从句。that引导的定语从句that can just replace修饰fabrics。what引导的两个宾语从句whatyoure doing和whatyour customers are used to作replace的宾语。【译文】他说，“大多数现有品牌设计师发现，并没有匹配的面料能代替你正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料。”3.Last year theinfluential trade show Designers & Agents st

4、opped charging itsparticipation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企业家) whoattend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave specialrecognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为 Designers & Agents stopped chargingandgave special r

5、ecognition。who引导的定语从句who attend itsYork修饰entrepreneurs，whose引导的定语从句whosecollections aresustainable修饰designers。【译文】去年，颇具影响力的Designers & Agents对参加其在洛杉矶和纽约举办的两次春季展览的年轻环保企业家们实行免费入场，同时给予那些作品中包括至少四分之一可持续产品的设计师们以特别表彰。4.This weekWal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmersg

6、o organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helpingto expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Wal-Mart is set to announce ainitiative。aimedorganic为后置定语，修饰initiative。冒号后的句子itwill buyprices即initiative的内容，相当于initiative的同位语从句。helpingtosustaina

7、ble作伴随状语。【译文】本周沃尔玛特打算宣布一大重要举措，旨在帮助种植棉花的农民走有机种植之路：它将以稍高价收购过渡型的棉花，以此帮助扩大一种主要的可持续使用面料的供应量。5.Scientists havedevised（设计） a way to determine roughly where aperson has lived using a strand (缕) of hair, a technique that could helptrack the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims. (2009

8、年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Scientists have devised a way。atechnique为a way的同位语。where引导的宾语从句wherelived作determine的宾语。usinghair为现在分词作方式状语。that引导的定语从句thatvictims修饰technique。【译文】科学家已经设计出一个方法，凭借人的一缕头发便能大致确定某人曾经居住过的地点，这项技术可能能够帮助跟踪锁定犯罪嫌疑人或不明身份案件受害人的活动场所。6.Todd Park, alocal detective, said the method has helped him le

9、arn more about anunidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Todd Park said。alocal detective为Todd Park的同位语。the method has为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，该宾语从句中又包含一个由whose引导的定语从句whoseskeletonLake，修饰的是woman。【译文】当地的侦探Todd Park说这个方法帮助他了解到关于一具在大盐湖附近发现的不明身份女尸骸的更多信息。7.He had a

10、 perfectrsum andgave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her inthe eye said “untrustworthy,” soshe decided to offer the job to her second choice. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为He had arsum and gaveresponses, but the factsaiduntrustworthyso she decided。从句thathe never looked he

11、r in the eye为the fact的同位语。and连接He的两个谓宾，but表转折，so则表结果。【译文】这位应试者的履历非常完美，并且对她的问题回答得不错，但是，他不敢正视她这一事实意味着“不值得信赖”，因此她决定把工作留给第二个候选人。8.When we begin toquestion our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from ourpast, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize thatsome

12、of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values.(2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主句为we begin to realize，从句为When引导的时间状语从句Whenweetc.。主句中包括一个由that引导的宾语从句thatsomevalues，作realize的宾语。从句中包含了一个由what引导的宾语从句whatwe think，作challenge的宾语；而think后又带了一个省略引导词的宾语从句we have learned frometc.。【译文】当我们开始质疑自己的假

13、设，并且向那些我们认为是从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、朋友等那里学到的东西发出挑战的时候，我们就开始意识到我们的结论有些是有缺陷的，或者说与我们的基本价值是相违背的。9.We need to trainourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversityopens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations andcommunities that benefit everyone. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为

14、复合句，主干为We need to。to后带了三个并列的不定式，分别是trainourselves to think，shift our mindsets和realize，而that引导的宾语从句thatdiversity opensus则作realize的宾语。creatingcommunities作伴随状语，该状语中又包括一个由that引导的定语从句thatbenefit everyone，修饰的是opportunities。【译文】我们需要训练自己用不同的思维方式去思考，转变我们的思维，并且意识到多元化的大门向我们每一个人开放，这样就能创造机会，使组织和社区中的每一个人都受益。10.Th

15、ey only comein when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, Geez,if it could happen to him, (2008年12月)【分析】本句为复合句，主句为They only come in，从句为when引导的时间状语从句。从句中包含两个由and连接的并列结构afriend drops dead和they think。Geez为think的宾语，该宾语的省略号里其实省略了与itcould happen to him结构对应的it could happen to me too。【译文】某个

16、朋友在打高尔夫时猝死，他们会想：天啊，如果这能在他身上发生，只有这个时候他们才会来(医院)。11.He believes mostdiseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.(2008年12月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为He believesdiseasescouldbe addressed。that引导的定语从句that commonly affect men修饰mostdiseases。by preventive check-ups为beaddressed的方式状语。【译文】他相

17、信，那些经常感染男性的疾病大多数都可以通过预防性的检查来处理掉。12.Shoppers seldomcomplain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alerttheir friends, relatives, coworkers, strangers and anyone who will listen. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Shoppers seldom complain tobutwillalert。破折号在这里起到强调或引起别人注意破折号后面要说的话的作用。在破折号后，w

18、ho引导的定语从句who will listen修饰的是anyone。【译文】顾客很少向经理或者零售店的老板投诉，相反，他们会转而向他们的朋友、亲戚、同事、陌生人以及任何可以听到的人吐苦水。13.This guidanceeliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, andavoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为简单句，主干为This guidance eliminated

19、 the needandavoided confrontation。eyeing the same parking space为现在分词作后置定语，修饰those。【译文】这些引导消除了顾客在停车场无尽地兜圈子的必要，而且避免了顾客之间因抢占空车位而引发的冲突。14.Customers canalso improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer,instead of complaining to the rest of the world. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为简单句，主干为C

20、ustomers canimproveexperiences。方式状语byfilling complaints to the retailer修饰improve future shopping experiences。insteadof表示否定，其前后成分结构一致，complaining前其实省略了by。【译文】顾客也可以通过向零售商投诉来改善今后的购物体验，而不是向全世界其他的人抱怨。15.A code ofconduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which everyoneis exhausted from ove

21、rwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice peopleare perceived to finish last.(2008年12月)【分析】本句为复合句，主句为A code of conduct is hard to create，从句为when引导的时间状语从句whenyourelivinglast。从句中又包括两个由介词in加which引导的定语从句inwhich everyone issleep和in which nicelast，先行词均为aworld。【译文】当你生活在一个每个人都因加班工作、缺乏睡眠而筋疲力尽的社会，在一个

22、好人最后总是吃亏的社会时，很难创造出一套行为准则。16.This jumping toour childrens defence is part of what fuels the “walkingon eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealingswith other peoples children. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为jumping to our childrensdefence is part of。what引导的宾语从句what fuelsfeelings作of的宾语。that引导的定语从句thatsurro

23、undschildren修饰feeling。【译文】这种对孩子的急切保护，加剧了我们在处理别人孩子的事情时，那种“在蛋壳上行走”的感觉。17.Assuming youmake it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia,youlldie on average five years before a woman. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 youll die。Assumingterm 为条件状语。about 78 years for men in Australia作插

24、入语，是对naturalterm的解释说明，去掉后，句子的语法结构和语义仍完整。【译文】假定你有幸活到了生命的自然尽头在澳大利亚男性大概是78岁你平均也要比女性早去世五年。18.Two months agoGullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed 耽误耽搁doing anything about his smokerscough for a year. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man。 who引导定语从句,修饰 a50-year-old man。delay后常接动名

25、词，表示“推迟做某事”。smokers cough指吸烟引起的咳嗽。【译文】两个月前，古丽塔遇见一位50岁的男人，他耽搁了一年而未对吸烟引起的咳嗽做任何处理。19.Store managersare often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when theirregular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a studyjointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School. (2

26、008年12月)【分析】本句为并列复合句。when引导时间状语从句，according to是介词短语。conductedby Verde Group and Wharton School作后置定语修饰a study。the last one to do sth.意为“最后一个做某事的人”。【译文】据沃德集团和沃顿商学院所做的一份联合调查显示，商店经理总是最后一个接到投诉，并且通常是当他们的常客决定定期光顾他们的竞争对手时才发现。20.“Retailers whoreresponsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues th

27、an those whoarent sofriendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. (2008年12月)【分析】本句中的直接引语为复合句。句子主干为Retailers are more likely to smooth overissues than those, morethan是比较级结构。第一个who引导的定语从句修饰Retailers，第二个who引导的定语从句修饰those。【译文】史提芬霍克教授说：“与那些态度不友好的零售商相比，能够及时作出反应且态度友好的零售商更有可能平息事端。”21.But the realtruth is that we

28、dont know enough to relieve global warming,and without major technological breakthroughs we cant do much about it. (2008年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为the real truth is that。that从句为is的表语，在该表语从句有两个由and连接的简单句wedontknowwarming和wecant domuch about it。两个破折号之间的内容是对we cant do much about it的原因解释。【译文】但真相是，我们对缓解全球变暖知道的还不够

29、多，并且没有较大的技术突破我们仍将束手无策。22.We need economicgrowth unless we condemn the worlds poor to their present poverty andfreeze everyone elses living standards. (2008年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主句为We need economic growth，从句为unless引导的条件状语从句。在从句中，we有两个由and连接的谓宾：condemnpoverty和freezestandards。【译文】我们需要经济增长，除非我们迫使世界上的穷人继续穷困潦倒，不

30、提高他们的生活水平。23.The trouble withthe global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when itsreally an engineering one. (2008年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为The troubleisthat。that引导的表语从句thatit has becomeone作is的表语，该表语从句中又包括一个由when引导的时间状语从句when its really an engineering one。【译文】全球变暖的争论很伤脑筋的地方在于，全球变暖其实是一个技术问

31、题，但在现在的争论中已经变成了一个道德问题。24.Whoever it is,they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen the21st century equivalent of being caught naked. (2008年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主句主干为they will see you，从句为Whoever引导的让步状语从句Whoeverit is。in away为seeyou的方式状语。you never intended to be seen为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰的是way。破折号在这里起解释

32、说明的作用，解释前面的句子。【译文】无论是谁，他们都会以一种你所不愿意被看到的方式来看你21世纪就好像是一个被人裸视的时代。25.Psychologists tellus boundaries are healthy, that its important to reveal yourself tofriends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. (2008年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Psychologists tell us。us后接了两个宾语从句，第一个宾语从句为boundariesare healthy，省略了引导词that；第二个宾语从句为that引导的that itstimes。按照规则，若动词后跟两个由that引导的宾语从句，第一个宾语从句可省略引导词