高考作文之结构应用文.docx

1、高考作文之结构应用文高考作文之结构-应用文应用文体是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的文体。书信、电子邮件、通知、请柬、便条、日记、演讲稿、履历表广告、留言、贺卡等都是常见的应用文体。应用文体的写作要点总体写作要求：主旨明确，重点突出； 结构完整，简单明了； 格式正确，对象明确； 语言简炼，重在实用。时态和人称：不同的文体会采用不同的时态，如：日记一般用过去时，通知和请柬采用一般现在时和将来时等。应用文体的篇章结构开头 the beginning不同的应用文会有不同的开篇套话来交待事由。主体 the main body用简单明了的语言将试题提示用英语表达出来，包含全部的基本信息。表达顺序基本为时间

2、、地点、参加人、活动内容等。结尾 the ending用不同文体的套话来结束文章。范例一2009湖北假设你是华华，与英国网友汤姆约定用对方的母语通信，以提高各自的外语水平。最近你收到汤姆的电子邮件（附后），发现有一个成语使用不当。请根据下列要点，用英文回一封电子邮件。要点：不应使用“无所不为”，应使用“无所事事”；说明这两个成语的用法； 给予鼓励。 注意：1. 词数为100左右； 2. 参考释义：无所不为- do all kinds of bad things无所事事- have nothing to do；3. 除以上两个语外，邮件中不得使用其他汉字或拼音；4. 电子邮件的开头和结尾已为你写

3、好（不计入你所写词数），但不得抄入答题卡。附（汤姆的邮件）：华华，你好！近几天在忙什么事？有什么有意思的事吗？我们的学校放假了，所以这几天在家无所不为，饱食终日，只好上网发伊妹儿。没意思。我决定找份工作，做个自食其力的人。祝好！汤姆(以下所给内容不得抄入答题卡)Hi! Tom,Nice to read your e-mail today. I notice youve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly. Hope youll find a job soon. HuahuaOne Possible Versio

4、n:Hi! Tom,Nice to read your e-mail today. I notice youve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly.However, Im afraid there is one mistake Id like to point out. It is 无所不为. This idiom means do all kinds of bad things. Are you doing all kinds of bad things at home? I guess what you

5、were really trying to say is that youve got nothing to do these days. In that case, you should use 无所事事. We usually use 无所不为 to express the idea that people dare to do anything bad, and 无所事事 to describe the situation in which people have got nothing meaningful to do. Have I made myself clear?Anyway,

6、 Im amazed at the progress youve made.Hope youll find a job soon.Huahua范例二2009全国1 书面表达(满分25分) 假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrs. Wilson不在家，你准备外出，请给Mrs. Wilson写一留言条，内容包括：1. 外出购物；2. 替房东还书；3. Tracy来电话留言： 1) 咖啡屋 ( Bolton Coffee ) 见面取消； 2) 此事已告知Susan； 3) 尽快回电注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。One Poss

7、ible Version:Mrs. Wilson, Im going out shopping, and wont be back until about 5:00 pm. I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. At about1 oclock this afternoon, Tracy called, saying that she couldnt meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something

8、 important to attend to. She felt very sorry about that, but said that you could set some other time for the meeting. She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home. She has already told Susan about this change.Li Hua附录-应用文格式套话书信 书写格式1. 信头：写在信纸第一页的右上角，包括写信人的地址和写信的日期。应先写地址再写日期，且地址是先小后大。2. 信内

9、地址：用于公文信函，私人信函不写信内地址。写在信纸第一页的左上角，顶格写，比信头低一至两行。包括收信人姓名、地址。3. 称呼：指对收信人的称呼，写在左上角顶格写；称呼后面的标点一般用逗号。4. 正文：是信件的主体部分。写在称呼的下一行，一般由左边第3或第5个字母处开始写起。正文第一段也可定格写，但以后各段应空两格。5. 结束语：指正文下面的结尾客套语。位置应低于正文一、二行。一般从信纸的中间稍右写起，第一个字母大写，末尾用逗号。常用的结束语Yours sincerely, Yours, Sincerely yours 等。6. 署名：写在结束语的下面。注：邀请信、感谢信和便（假）条的书写格式与

10、书信大致相同，但信头更简便些。写作要点信的开头可简单嘘寒问暖，也可根据情况先提及来信内容，再步入正题。考虑书信的交际功能，行文应感情真挚，让收信者感到自然、亲切。结束时要向收信者表示亲切或诚挚的问候。经典必会【Useful Sentences】普通书信 开头用语I was so pleased to hear from you again. You want to know what is going onMany thanks for your last kind letter. In your letter Its a long time since I saw you last time

11、. Are you all OK? Im glad to receive your letter. I have been missing you a lot since we met last time. I am sorry for not writing to you sooner. / Im sorry Ive taken so long to answer your last letter. Im writing to tell you that / Im writing to you informing that结尾用语Good luck / Best wishes! Take g

12、ood care of yourself. Send my love to / Please give my regards (best wishes) toDo write to us when you have time. Look forward to hearing from you soon. 应聘求职信 开头用语Im a student from Im glad to learn that you need a (an) Im quite interested in it and I think I am fit for it.结尾用语If I have a chance to w

13、ork in your company, I will try my best to be a good employer.道歉信 开头用语Im writing to make an apology for Im so sorry to tell you that I结尾用语I wonder if it is possible to and if so, I do hope that youll forgive me.感谢信Thank you for the many good things you provided.Thank you for邀请信 开头用语Were planning to

14、hold in on. Im writing to ask you to come and结尾用语Do you think? Please let me know as soon as possible so that we can make arrangements. Looking forward to your coming / early reply.就有关社会问题讨论的书信 开头用语Im writing to tell you about the discussion (survey) we have had (made) about whether should be结尾用语Too

15、r not is a serious problem, which needs a further discussion (survey) and is decided by the public.告知活动的书信 开头用语will be held inonThere is going to be inI know you like I think it is a good chance for you to结尾用语If there is anything I can do for you, please inform me. I would be more than glad to help.

16、表述观点的书信 开头用语Im very glad to have received the letter you sent me. Ive been thinking about the question you asked me. In my opinion, you should结尾用语Therefore, I think it is a good idea for you to So what you are waiting for?寻求帮助的书信 开头用语I have a problem to ask you.结尾用语Im troubled / puzzled / disappoint

17、ed / at a loss. What should I do? I wonder how you could treat it if you were me.告知来访路线的书信Were so glad to learn that you are coming to join us in Here is how you can find us. Im sure youll have no trouble finding us. Do come! Dont miss it!经典范例(2006 重庆）加拿大高中生David在互联网（Internet)上登出启事(notice)，希望结识一位中国朋

18、友，以便学习中国的语言、文化(culture)。假设你是李华，请在看到这则启事后，用英文给David发一封电子邮件，主要内容包括： 1. 你怎样得知David的愿望； 2. 你愿意成为他的朋友； 3. 你打算如何帮助他； 4. 你盼望他的回复。注意：词数100左右。One Possible Version:Dear David, Im Li Hua, a Chinese student with the same age as you. While surfing the Internet, I happened to see your notice, from which I knew yo

19、u were eager to have a Chinese friend. I am glad to tell you that I am the very person you are waiting. Im really happy to be of some help with your Chinese study. We can e-mail to each other to talk about your problems and we had better communicate in simple Chinese. Also we can both write and talk

20、 to each other on the Skype, a program that can carry sounds as well as words. I will collect and send some pictures and articles about Chinese culture to you. Do be confident and dont be afraid of making mistakes, for you know it isnt easy to learn any foreign language.Looking forward to you Yours,

21、Li Hua日记 写作要点英语日记与汉语日记的结构相似，主要由两部分组成，即书端和正文。写日记要注意以下几点：1. 日记的第一行要写清楚日期、星期和天气状况，日期和星期写在正文的左上角，月份与星期可以缩写；天气状况写在正文的右上角。如果是游记，还可写明地点。2. 日记通常使用过去时态记述过去所发生的事情。当发表议论、抒发情感或描写景物、人物时，为了使表述更加生动，也可用一般现在时。3. 日记正文可以是叙事、描述、说明、议论等各种形式，并且应用第一人称来写。4. 日记也应该讲究文采，切忌写成流水账。经典必会【Useful Words & Expressions】1. 表示天气：fine, rai

22、ny, cloudy, snowy, windy, foggy, wind, breeze2. 表示星期：Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday3. 表示月份：January, February, March, April, May, June, July4. 表示具体日期：the first（1st）, the second (2nd), the third (3rd)【Useful Sentences】1. It is / was a fine / nice day. 天气晴朗。2. There are

23、/ were many things to do and see. 有很多东西可看，有很多事情可做。3. I had a good time / enjoyed myself today. 我今天玩得很高兴。4. I will never forget it forever. 我将永远不会忘记这件事。5. Time flies like an arrow. In ten days it will be the New Year. 光阴似箭。再过10天就是新年了。6. Autumn is a season of harvest. 秋天是收获的季节。7. It is getting warmer

24、and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。经典范例 用日记形式记一次有意义的旅行。提示： 1. 时间：2000年4月16日，星期天；2. 天气：晴；3. 人员：你班全体人员；4. 地点：森林（乘车两小时到达）；5. 活动内容：记录看到的动植物，野餐，检验河水，看看是否有污染。要求：词数不少于100词。One Possible Version:Sunday, April 16, Fine 2000Today our class organized trip to a forest. We went by bus and it took us two hours to get to the f

25、orest. When we arrived, we walkedthrough the forest separately. We were recorded all the wildlife and plants we could see in the forest as we walked. When we found an unknown plant, we wrote it down in our notebooks.At lunch time we made a fire in the open and cooked the meal over it. After lunch, w

26、e came to a river and tested the water to see if it was polluted. Late in the afternoon we returned. To our joy, we not only learned about some wildlife and plants, but also enjoyed ourselves very much. I hope Ill have another chance to go out for a more interesting outing. 便条 英语便条主要是指留言条（Message le

27、ft）和请假条（Written Request for Leave）等。英语便条一般由日期、称呼、正文和署名四部分组成。1. 日期：日期要写在右上角，通常只需写星期几或星期几的上午、下午，有时可只写上午或下午及具体时间，不必写出年份。（有时候也可以不写）2. 称呼：称呼一般写在第二行，要左起顶格写。语气视对象而定，朋友间可随便一些，如Dear Tom，Tom，Xiao Gao等。3. 正文：正文要另起一行，用词要通俗简明，只要把事情说清楚就行。若有事请假或向别人借东西，语言要委婉、客气。4. 署名：位置在正文的右下角。写留条人的姓名、姓或名均可。经典必会【Useful Words & Expr

28、essions】1. 表示时间：right away/now, at once, in a moment/minute, just now, three hours later/ago, tomorrow morning, next week, immediately2. 表示邀请：meet at 8:00 outside the school gate, inviteto, come over, welcome to, ask for, would like3. 表示请假：give sb. a days leave, have three days off, ask for sick lea

29、ve of two weeks4. 表示叮嘱：make/be sure, remember, dont forget, take a message for, givea call/ring, ringup, tellto, take/bring5. 表示事由：be ill, have/take/catch a cold/cough/headache, have a sore back【Useful Sentences】1. Im sorry that I cant go to school today. 很遗憾我今天不能去上学了。2. I shall be very happy to cal

30、l at your house at 8:30 this evening. 很高兴我今晚8:30能去你家拜访。3. I am in urgent need of 500 yuan. 我急需500元钱。4. Please give me a leave for five days. 请准我5天假。5. I have received your note. 来条收悉。6. Please accept this little gift. 请收下这小小的礼物。7. Please favor me with an early reply. 请尽早回复。8. Would/Could/Will you please? 请你好吗？经典范例假设你叫李华，到同学李英家通知她一件事，碰巧她不在家，你给她留了张便条，内容如下：1. 明天的课将推迟到本星期六下午2点，因为明天你要参加劳动植树，上午7点在校门口集合出发。2. 前天你把雨伞落在她家房子的前门外，请她明天上课时替你带来。 Li Hua 8.10One possible version: