解决嵌入式OPENGL能在高度嵌入和安全的环境中外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译.docx

1、解决嵌入式OPENGL能在高度嵌入和安全的环境中外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译1、外文原文：SOLVING THE EMBEDDED OPENGL PUZZLE MAKING STANDARDS, TOOLS, AND APIS WORK TOGETHER IN HIGHLY EMBEDDED AND SAFETY CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTS Abstract ： Embedded graphical Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) are increasingly making use of the OpenGL rendering API a

2、s a standard for defining and rendering screen graphics. This trend is supported by the emergence of hardware accelerated graphics subsystems and commercially available driver software. Meanwhile, embedded graphics tool and software vendors have adopted OpenGL in various forms as the rendering API t

3、hey support. For highly embedded and safety critical environments, however, full OpenGL is not a narrow enough standard. In order to achieve low-cost/low power hardware implementations and reduce driver complexity to achieve safety-critical certification, OpenGL subsets must be embraced. In recent y

4、ears, the mobile graphics industry has benefited from the efforts of industry consortiums to define capable OpenGL subsets. These subsets, or profiles, exist in various versions intended to facilitate the development of applications for widely differing embedded markets, from cell phone graphics to

5、safety critical high-powered embedded graphics subsystems. It is clear that such well-defined standards can and will have a beneficial impact on the embedded and safety-critical graphics industries, offering unprecedented portability and simplicity for HMI applications. What is not as clear is the l

6、evel to which graphics tool and software vendors are supporting the new standards. The stakes are high for the end developer, as reliance on API capabilities that are either unsupported or difficult to certify can present serious system integration and certification pitfalls. This paper presents rec

7、ommendations in such areas as tool selection, standards to levy on vendors and developers, approaches for achieving user interfaces and font rendering using the OpenGL standards, and recommendations to ensure the successful engineering and wide deployment of HMI software. BackgroundGraphicalProcessi

8、ngUnits(GPUs)Overthepast10years,displayrenderingtechnologyforplatformembeddedsystemshasundergonefundamentalchanges.Thesechangeshavebeendrivenprimarilybytwotwintechnologicalthrustsflat-paneldisplayhardwareandadvancedraster-basedEGSsystemsusingOpenGL.Flatpanelshaveenabledanincreaseindisplayresolutionw

9、hilestillsupportingembeddedsizeandweightconstraints.RasterbasedEGS,particularlybasedoncommodityOpenGLhardware,hasprovidedthehorsepowertodrivetheincreasedresolution.Therenderingengine,orgraphicschip,isthepartofthemobilecomputingdevicethatprocessesgraphicsandcreatesorrendersthedisplay.Onthedesktop,har

10、dwarerenderingenginesdominate,resultingintwoseparatehighperformanceprocessorsbeingpresentinmostsystemsoneforgeneralcomputing,andoneforprocessinganddisplayinggraphics.ThedevelopmentoftheGPU,hasbeenlargelydrivenbythedesireforbettervideogamingcapability,butalsobythedesireforbetterworkstationanddesktopg

11、raphicalprocessing.GPUtechnologyhasfoundanicheinembeddedsystems,providingadvanceddisplaycapabilitiesthatweredifficultorevenimpossibletoachieveinlegacygraphicaldisplaysystems.TheseembeddedGPUsareembeddedvariantsofdesktoporlaptopgraphicscards,featuringGPUs,onboardtexturememory,andhardwareacceleratedli

12、ghting,transformation,andrasterization.Offeringsfeaturinghardwarefrommajordesktopgraphicscompaniesarebeingwidelyusedinmilitaryapplications.AnembeddedGPUisshowninFigure1.Most GPU technology deployed in embedded systems today has its roots in desktop or laptop based graphics accelerators. Power consum

13、ption for the GPU alone can range from 5 to 15W. These designs can provide power equivalent to a desktop or laptop within an embedded environment, provided the supporting driver software is available. OpenGL is by far the most commonly used standard to supply these drivers. OpenGL as an Embedded Sta

14、ndard The advent of the GPU has been accompanied by widespread use of new standards designed to facilitate development of graphical applications that take advantage of the hardware. One such lowlevel Applications Programming Interface (API) is OpenGL. OpenGL provides a software interface that suppor

15、ts 2D and 3D definition of geometry and rendering functions. Some of the major functions OpenGL supports include: Matrix-based geometry transformations Viewport and clipping regionsTextured geometryGraphics pipeline state management Geometry caching These functions are supported through a logical pipeline that the GPU implements. The pipeline expects geometry specification in the form of triangles, points, and lines, along with transformation, clipping, color, and texture information used to convert theintothe