动词不定式专项练习含答案.docx

1、动词不定式专项练习含答案 动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成形式 构成 例子动词 肯定式 to(不定式符号)+动词原形 to speak不 否定式 not+to+动词原形 not to speak定式 疑问式 疑问词+to+动词原形 how to speak 不 to+动词原形+宾语 to speak English定 to+动词原形+状语 to speak loudly式 to+动词原形+宾语+状语 to speak English loudly短语 to+be+表语 to be a teacher2.动词不定式的功能 功能 结构特点 例句 主 a.常用it做形式主语，动词不定式做 Its us

2、eful for us to learn English well真正的主语，放在句子后面。基本结构是 学好英语对我们来说是很有用的。语 It is/was +adj.(for/of sb.)+to do sth b.常用It takes sb sometime to do sth.结构 It took me ten minutes to get there.宾 a. 用在及物动词之后 I want to buy a computer. b.常用it做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的 I think it important to learn English well.宾语，放在句子的后面。基本结

3、构 我认为学好英语很重要。语 是：主语+谓语动词+it+adj.+to do sth表语 a.用在连系动词之后 my job is to feed animals. 定 a.动词不定式做定语时应后置，表示将要发生 I want to the first one to get to the top of the 语 的动作。被修饰语是不定式的逻辑主语或宾语。 mountain. 我想成为第一个到达山顶的人。宾语 a.用在宾语之前，否定形式一般是在 The teacher told you not to talk in class.补足语 不定式前加not状语 a.表示目的 I usually g

4、o to see my grandparents. b.表示原因 Im glad to see you here. c.表示结果 the shoes are too small for me to wear. d.表示程度 tom is old enough to go to school.说明：为避免重复使用动词，常用to代替不定式短语。 -would you like to go swimming? -yes, Id love to .用法诀窍：to加动原是不定，非谓不做谓语用。有时有态无人称，功能如同名副形。可做宾状主表定，疑问副代可连用。宾补有to无to分两种，to前加not是否定。

5、用动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语）和跟双宾语的动词1.用动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语）动词（短语） 短语形式 例句 说明Ask,decide,hope,want,agree +to do I agree to teach them English 这些动词只能接动词choose,wish,would like 不定式作宾语hate,like,love,prefer,begin,stare +to do sth/doing sth I like singing, but now I dont like to sing. 差别意义不大try，forget,remember,stop,go on +t

6、o do sth/doing sth please remember to lock the door 意义差别很大。Help + to do sth /do sth kate usually helps to do some housework at home to可省略Need +to do sth/doing sth you need to go home quickly,加动词不定式表示助动意义。 Your shoes need mending.加ing表示被动意义。Ask,choose,decide,forget, 9 +疑问词+to do sth I dont know how t

7、o answer this question. 疑问词why没有know,learn,aee,show,teach ,tell,understand,find out 次用法，不定式的逻辑主语常是句子的主语。2.跟双宾语的动词。概述：有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，直接宾语和间接宾语，前者指物，表示动作的承受着或结果，后者常指人，表示动作的执行者或者对象。结构：a.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 +sb+sth please pass me the book b.动词+直接宾语+介词（to/for）+间接宾语 +sth to/for+sb please pass the cheese to me说明 1

8、.当直接宾语为人称代词时，用结构b please pass it to me 2.当直接宾语比间接宾语短时，常用结构b lei feng always gave his seat to an old person or a person with a baby.3.当强调间接宾语时，多用结构b。 dad bought the book doe me, not for you4.在give,pass,show,hand.lend,return,sell.send,take,bring 等动词后，常用to表示给，强调动作的对象。 Im sorr，Ive lent the book to kate5

9、.在buy,get,make,choose,cook,do fingd,sing等动词之后常用for表示“为，替”强调动作的目的。 Please get two kilos of eggs for me.一、作主语，可以用it代替，it叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语2. Its dangerous to drive very fast.1To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.二、作表语My idea is to ring him up at once. 我

10、的想法是马上给他打电话。如果主语部分含实义动词do，且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容，这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。如：All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。 三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已决心去乡下。四、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词kn

11、ow、think、find out等的宾语。I dont know who to ask. 我真不知道 该 问谁。五、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。六、如果宾语太长，可用it作形式宾语，构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth”结构，谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难。七、动词不定式可以作介词

12、的宾语。Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。Im worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办。八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读。此时，如果动词 定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省略。We had only a cold room to live in. 我们只有寒室一间。九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。He is always the first to come and the last to lea

13、ve. 他总是第一个到，最后一个走。十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。We have no time to go to town today. 今天我们没有时间去城里。十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。Im glad to meet you. 见到你，我很高兴。They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他们跑过来欢迎外宾。十二、不定式复合结构“for sb to do sth”可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等。Its for her to decide. 这得由她来决定。（表语）There are many b

14、ooks for you to read. 这有许多书供你阅读。（定语）The book ids too difficult for children to read. 这本书太难了，孩子们看动词 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepa

15、re pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake 2. 不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式：（1）在固定词组had better之后。注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。如：You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。Its cold outside. Youd better not go out.外面很冷，你最好不要出去。（2）在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定

16、式作宾语补足语。如：I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。I didnt see you come in.我没看见你进来。（3）在引导疑问句的why not之后。Why not+不带to的不定式是Why dont you do的省略，可以用来提出建议或劝告。如：Why not study with us？为什么不和我们一起学呢？Why not take a holiday?=Why dont you take a holiday？为什么不休个假呢?（4）不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词d

17、o的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to。如：I have no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受这个事实我别无选择。What do you like to do besides swim?（5）为了避免重复，不定式可省去to。如：Im really puzzled what to think or say.对于想什么或说什么，我真的很困惑。二、 不定式的时态不定式常用的时态有一般时、完成时、进行时和完成进行时四种，常用的为前三种。1. 一般时动词不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在之后发生。如：I plan to

18、attend the meeting. 我计划参加这次会议。2. 完成时不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting.很抱歉让你久等了。3. 进行时不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：They are said to be working hard.据说他们工作得很努力。4. 完成进行时不定式的完成进行式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前已经发生，并且一直进行着。如：He is said to have been working in that factory for twelv

19、e years.据说他已在那家工厂工作12年了。三、 动词不定式在句中的作用1 作主语To live is to work. 生活就是工作。To save time is to lengthen life. 节约时间就等于延长了人的生命。不定式结构作主语时，现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语，而把不定式结构后置的形式。如：It is important for students to study English.学好英语对学生来说是很重要的。2. 作定语（1）不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。如：I have nothing to say on this question.对这个问

20、题我无可奉告。（2）如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。如：Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。（3）有些名词常可用不定式作定语。如：Our teacher had no time to think about rest. 我们老师根本没时间考虑休息一下。3. 作宾语awant，decide ，agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如： We agreed to start early She wants to be a doctor blove，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式

21、。 点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。 提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。如： I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。 cstop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板： 1）stop to do sth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth：停止正在做的事。 例句：When the teacher came in

22、，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。 2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？ d在findfeelitadjto do sth句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the

23、text 点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。 I wish to be a college student.我希望成为一名大学生。有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语，则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，而将不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之前。如：I find it useful to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有用。4. 作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点，学习时要注意以下三种情况。（1）作动

24、词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to不可以省略。如：He asked me to talk about English study.他请我谈谈英语学习。（2）作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to要省略。如：The teacher made him say the word like this.老师让他像这样说这个单词。（3）作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to可以带，也可以不带。如：Could you help me (to) carry the heav

25、y box？你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？5. 作状语动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。（1）作目的状语。如：He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。（2）作结果状语。如：He woke up to find everybody gone.他醒来发现大家都走了。（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。如：Im sorry to hear your grandma is ill.听到你奶奶生病真遗憾。（4）在带有enough或too的句子里作状语，表程度。如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学年龄了。（

26、5）强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不用于句首。如：The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。 1. Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _A. sitB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on

27、 3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A. thisB. that C. it D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smokeB. smokingC. smokes D. smoke5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil6. On my way home, I stopped _ some foodA. buyB. to b

28、uy C. buying D. bought7. John was made e car for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs _, but itll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaningB. to be cleaned C. cleanD. being cleaned9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to himB. to visit

29、him C. visiting himD. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking参考答案1. A. forget to do sth . 忘记去做某事。forget doing sth . 忘记做过某事。2. B. sit on the chair, 其中on不能少。3. C. it为形式主语。4. A. allow sb to do 5. D. tell sb,

30、to do 6. B. stop to do 停下去做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事。7. A. make sb do 在被动语态中为be made to do .8.B. need to be done与need doing皆为“需要被做”之意。9. B. 不定式结构作表语。10. A. 不定式的否定式：advise sb not to do 1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producing B. to produ

31、ce C. having produced D. produced 2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make 3. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music .A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard 4. I dont know whether you happen_ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard 5. The news rep