语法.docx

1、语法一般现在时一. 意义：表示经常发生的事情，动作或存在的状态二. 构成及变化1.be动词的变化。 肯定句： 主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2. 行为动词的变化。l 当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：We oft

2、en play basketball after school.否定句：主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。如：we dont play basketball after school.一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它?如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句？如： What do you often do after school ?l 当主语为第三人称单数时（包括he; she; it; my father/friend; Amy/

3、Hangzhou等一个人名或地名。） , 助动词为does肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well.否定句：主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesnt swim well.一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。 如：Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句？如： How does your father go to work?三第三人称单数的动词变化规则（只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式）(1)多数动词直接加s: r

4、uns gets likes collets takes plays climbs.(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加es : watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: studystudies flyflies carrycarries crycries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s: buys says 四时间标志：always , usually , often , sometimes ,every现在进行时现在进行时的定义：现在进行时表示现在或当

5、前一般时间正在进行的动作。一、现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+动词ing现在分词形式 第一人称+am+doing+sth 第二人称+are+doing +sth 第三人称+is+doing+sth （1）肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它. 如：Im doing my homework now.（2）否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它. 如：He is not watching TV.（3）一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？答语要用Yes或No，主语+be+（not） 如：Are you r

6、eading a book now? 肯定：Yes,I am. 否定：No.Im not.（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？ 对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。 如：What is he doing now? He is listening to music.二、现在分词变化规则 1.直接+ ing 如：dodoing drawdrawing cookcooking2.去e+ing 如：writewriting dancedancingtaketaking havehaving makemaking

7、 rideriding divediving3.重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ing getgetting runrunning swimswimming sitsitting putputting 三、现在进行时的应用 在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况： (1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 (2)以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：Listen！She is singing an English son

8、g.听，她正在唱英语歌。 (3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如： We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 (4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 现在进行时的变化 一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般

9、有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：be going to + do； will+ do.三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称

10、互换。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2. 问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me thisafternoon. What is your father goi

11、ng to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 六、同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习题一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.

12、 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There

13、 _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The

14、 child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. -What day _(be) it today? - Its Saturday. 二、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ study_read_ have_ sing _dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_三、用所给的

15、动词的正确形式填空：1The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2 Listen ，Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3 My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look , They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ，water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our gra

16、nddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now。 We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ，she is 。 11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to

17、 school by bike. 14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 16. What _ you _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground now. 19. David _ (give) a show next Monday. 20. I _ (watch) TV now.