高考英语介词专题复习题.docx

1、高考英语介词专题复习题 高考英语介词专题复习一考点聚焦 1、介词的分类与语法功能（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、throughout等； 短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considerin

2、g、including、judging(from / by) 等。 常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、疑问词加不定式等。（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。2、介词搭配（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。（2）常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。（3）“名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析（1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。（2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。 (3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间

3、用at,如小时、分钟等。注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如：next day、last Sunday、that morning、these yearsone、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day one day、yesterday / afternoon, the night before（4）till、until、to的用法。till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。to表“终结”时常用和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意义。（5

4、）in、after、laterin + 一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在之内”时，用于各种时态。一段时间 + later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。after + 一段时间表示：“在之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,即after + 点时间，用于各种时态。另外，in + 一段时间 + s + time 与 within + 一段时间的用法如下：in a weeks time = in a weekThey will arrive in three days time.(与将来时连用)My

5、 brothers birthday is in two weeks time.（作表语）Ill finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than用于各种时态，不超出，在之内)（6）地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。（7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。(按by+the+单位名称)但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。表泛指的方式、手段by post/mail邮寄，by telephone(radi

6、o),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity用电，by machinery用电器，by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop交通工具类另外：by means of 用方法，by way of 经由，取道于，用方法，with the help (permission)of sb./with sb.s hel

7、p (permission)。（8）表示“除之外”的几组常用介绍比较。1 besides 除以外，（还有）。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。2 except除去，除之外（不再有）。3 except for除了（对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明）后接名词、代词或what从句，此时与except that + 句子意思相同。4 except that 除了一点以外。5 but与exceptbut和except在表示“除了以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：A.前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。B. 后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。C. but与一些固定结构连用。have

8、no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不，but for 如不是（9）between与among.（10）表原因的介词for、because of、due to。 (11)不定式复合结构中的for、of。（12）兼作连词和副词的介词。after、since、till / still、before这些词既是介词，又是连词。in、on、along、down、up、after、before、along、beyond等介词可兼作副词。有的介词可以兼作连词和副词。（13）介词的省略。表

9、示时间的介词on、at 、in的省略。介词for表示时间的省略要求。（A）以all开头的名词短语，for要省略。如：I stayed with her all the morning.（B）表示一段时间的短语之前，for可以省略，也可以不省略。如：I have been waiting here (for) more than three hours.（C）否定句中，表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如：I havent seen you for thirty years.(D)时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略。如：For the whole morning,the old man kept

10、 reading.某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。（14）某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。1 要求接to的名词有：key、answer、visit、entrance、apology、introduction、road等。2 要求接in 的名词有：interest、satisfaction、expert等。(15)一些词组中的介词be composed of =consist of由组成 in comparison with和相比较 be very appreciative at对深表感谢be particular over对太挑剔baseon 把建立上；on the basis of 根据 pr

11、otectfrom(against)保护免遭remind sb. of使某人想起 be responsiblie for sth. 对某事负有责任； be superior to 优于in favor of 支持；赞同in relation to 关于 in contrast to 与截然不同in excess of 超过 etc. 二、精典名题导解1.(2002上海卷22)Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain _an inch Aby Bat Cto Dfrom by+数量词，表示相差多少。介词by可以和表示数量的词构成短语，表示尺寸、

12、距离等。译文：幸运的是，子弹在距离船长一英尺的地方与他擦肩而过，没有射中他。答案为A。2. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(NMET 2000)A. As B. For C. With D. Through解析：答案为C。本题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。“with + 名词 + 不定式/分词/名词/形容词/介词短语等”可在句中作伴随、时间、原因、条件等状语。本题中with的复合结构作伴随状语。3.(2004上海春季卷26)I am sorry its _my power to mak

13、e a final decision on the project Aover Babove Coff Dbeyond beyond意为“超出，出乎”。本句的意思是：很抱歉，我无权对这个计划作出最后决定。beyond my power意为：超出了我的权力范围。4.(2003北京卷33)They had a pleasant chat _a cup of coffee Afor Bwith Cduring Dover 考查介词搭配。to chat over a cup of coffee意思是边喝咖啡边聊天。for和during都有“在期间”之意，但后边通常加时间段：。with “随着，用”；o

14、ver“在(做)期间，边边”。5.(2002北京卷33) -What do you want _those old boxes? -To put things in when I move to the new fiat Aby Bfor Cof Dwith 、 所提供的情景To put things in when I move to the new flat，说明了箱子的用途。with的意思是“用”，后接工具。如：cut with a knife“用刀切”。6.(2001上海春季卷23)Ross was wild with joy _the result of the examinatio

15、n Ato Bat Cby Das at表示原因。be wild with joy at的意思是“为而欣喜若狂”。介词at接在某些形容词的后面表示原因。译文：罗丝因考试结果而兴高采烈。7.(2002上海春季卷21)Marie Curie took little notice _the honours that were given to her in her later years Aof Bon Cabout Dfrom take notice of为固定短语，意为“注意”。译文：居里夫人几乎不关心她晚年所得到的荣誉。答案为A。8.(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷23)-You are so lu

16、cky -What do you mean _that? Aor Bin Cof Dby 固定用法(句子)what do you mean后常跟by thatdoing thatsaying so，译为：你那样这样讲(说)是什么意思?9.(2002北京卷33) -What do you want _those old boxes? -To put things in when I move to the new fiat Aby Bfor Cof Dwith 、 所提供的情景To put things in when I move to the new flat，说明了箱子的用途。with的意

17、思是“用”，后接工具。如：cut with a knife“用刀切”。10.(2004福建卷30) It was a pity that the great writer died _his works unfinished Afor Bwith Cfrom Dof die接不同的介词，表示不同的意思，die for表示死的目的；die from表示死的间接原因；die of表示死于饥饿、疾病、寒冷、情感等直接原因；而die with中的with应与后面名词连成一个意群，表示一个伴随的状态。根据句子的意思，答案选B。11.(2004上海卷25)The accident is reported

18、to have occurred _the first Sunday in February Aat Bon Cin Dto 本题考查日期前介词的用法。一般牵涉到具体的某一天时或特定的某一天时，前面用介词on。12. I wanted two seats _ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets. (NMET 1998上海)A. ofB. aboutC. To D. For析:D.比赛 / 电影 / 戏剧的座位,应用.seat for.13.（2005重庆卷）

19、30. You know. Bob is a little slow _ understanding, so So I have to be patient _ him.A. in ; with B. on; with C. in; to D. at; for A in understanding在理解上，be patient with对某人有耐心14. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand _.A.on B.up C.above D.by解析：答案为A。不定式“to stand + 介词”作定语修饰a ta

20、ll box,其中被修饰词在逻辑意义上是不及物动词，只有加上吊尾介词，句子意思才完整。吊尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少，吊尾介词使用的场合有：（1）定语从句中，先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰，不及物动词后要接介词，先行词被“动词 + 介词”组成的短语动词所修饰，介词常在句尾。He is the man I just spoke to.(2)what、whose、who、whatever等引导的宾语从句，宾语从句出现吊尾介词。I cant imagine what it is like.(3) 强调句型，特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更，常出现吊尾介词。It was the poor

21、 boy that we gave the books to.What for? Where to? Who with?(4)不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场合、工具、方式、材料”等意义的名词时常带吊尾介词。a room to live in, a bench to sit onThere is nothing to worry about.She is a good girl to work with.(5)某些形容词后接不定式或“动词 + 介词”型短语，动词的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介词。fit、easy、hard、comfortable、difficult、heavy等形容词

22、后。The river is good to swim in.The box is too heavy to carry.be worth doing sth. ,be worthy of being done / to be done, want/require / need doing三、专项训练1 A group of students stood_the memorial_the peoples heroes. A.in the front of;to B.in front of;toC.in front of;of D.in the front;of2. -Where is the

23、post office? -You can find it_2336 Fire Road. A.on B.in C.near D.at3. He went to Beijing_ .A.by the car B.in car C.in the black car D.by the black car 4. Your mother will be back_a few minutes,but your father will be back_ten oclock. A.after;after B.in;in C.in;after D.after;in 5. What did you do to

24、help them_the difficulty? A.out from B.out of C.through D.out off 6. He is running_the wind towards the east of the station_ Tom running_the right. A.down;and;on B.against;with;on C.for;with;in D.with;while;to7. In Hangzhou Mr.Green was so struck_the beauty of nature that he stayed_another night. A.

25、by;for B.with;at C.at;on D.for;in8.My uncle lives_105 Huanghe Street.His room is_the fifth floor. A.to;at B.on;in C.at;on D.of;to9. Does John know any other languages_French? A.except B.but C.besides D.beside10. I need some paper to write_. A.in B.on C.at D.for11. Before the boys body the soldiers_s

26、ilence. A.in B.on C.at D.under12. We know nothing about him_that his son joined in the army. A.beside B.for C.except D.besides13. Your speech is excellent_some small mistakes. A.besides B.except C.except that D.except for 14. It is quite cold today_June. A.for B.in C.at D.on15. Well have a ball_New

27、Years Eve. A.in B.on C.at D.by16. The enemy got beaten and fled_all directions.A.to B.toward C.for D.in17. You should write_pencil,that is,_a pencil.A.in;with B.with;with C.in;in D.with;in18.-.How long has this bookstore been in business ? -_1982.A.After B.In C.From D.Since19.Come and see me _two or

28、 three _ A.fordays B.afterdays C.in days time D.duringday time20.The sunlight came in_the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. A.through B.across C.on D .over21.The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to1,200.This means it has risen_20 percent. A.by B.at C.to D.with22._most studen

29、t,she was always well prepared and never came to class late. A.Like B.As C.For DTo23.The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _5:40 p.m. at the latest. A.untill B.after C.by D.around 24.I dont think you can finish the work _my help. A.since B.because C.without D.unless25.I am acc

30、ustomed_late on weekends for I have the habit of working at night.A. to sit upB. to sitting upC. at sitting up D.for sitting up26. The teacher will ask you to account_your absence from his class yesterday.A. forB. at C.i n D. of27. Peoples complaints_the bad food were soon taken_consideration by the g