营林机械的发展要以生态效益优先为原则.docx

1、营林机械的发展要以生态效益优先为原则营林机械的发展要以“生态效益优先”为原则现代化的林业是和谐发展的生态林业，生态林业的建设与发展，是一个系统工程，它离不开营林机械。现就营林机械在我场林业发展中的作用予以重新审视。Modern forestry is the harmonious development of ecological forestry, ecological forestry construction and development, is a systems engineering, and it cannot leave the forestry machinery. Reg

2、arding the role of forestry development of forestry machinery in my field for review. 1 基本情况1 basic situation 我场有18万亩土地，除去职工住宅和经营道路外，全部为林业用地。生态建设是核心，因此，林业生产由单一的采伐木材转向多种经营，参与到林业生态建设中来。森林资源的保护与开发利用成为林业发展的主旋律，建设人与自然和谐相处的“绿色文明”。营林机械恰是加速这一篮图实现的最行之有效的手段。I have 180000 acres of land, to remove the worker ho

3、using and management way, all the land for forestry. Ecological construction is the core and, therefore, forestry production by single cutting timber turned to diversification, involved in the forestry ecological construction. Protection and development and utilization of forest resources become a t

4、heme of forestry development, construction of the human and the nature harmonious get along with green civilization. Basket of forestry machinery is accelerate the realization of the most effective means. 2 营林机械在林业发展中的作用2 the role of forestry machinery in forestry development 建国初期，我场的营林机械，品种单一，而且数量少

5、，主要机具就是油锯，都是从国外进口，多数为前苏联产品。苗圃作业机具及病虫害防治机具，直接引用农业机具，没有自已的定型机具产品，防火机具更是一片空白。从1984年开始，生态林业建设的理念，使人们对林业有了更深层次的理解，营林机械也被赋予了新的使命，营林机械产品系列化、种类多样化及其在林业生产中的作用具有不可替代作用。Early, I field of forestry machinery, single variety, and quantity is less, the main machine is the chain saw, all imported from abroad, mostl

6、y in the former Soviet union product. Nursery operation equipments and pest control equipments and direct reference to agricultural machinery, not from already finalize the machinery products, fire protection equipment is a blank. Since 1984, the concept of ecological forestry construction, make peo

7、ple have deeper understanding to forestry, forestry machinery also have been given a new mission, forestry machinery products seriation, variety has irreplaceable function and its role in forestry production. 2.1 营林机械的种类 按照传统的营林生产先后程序，可把营林机械分为：整地机具、播种机具、造林机具、抚育机具、病虫害防治机具、采伐机具等。太阳能热水器做为主要动力及运输必备的拖拉机和

8、汽车更是营林生产的主角。2.1 kinds of forestry machinery in accordance with the traditional methods of production process, can be divides into the forestry machinery, machinery, plant machinery, forestry machinery, tending of machinery, plant diseases and insect pests prevention and control of machines and tools

9、, cutting tools, etc. As a major power and transport essential of tractors and cars in the role of forestry production. 整地机具主要是犁和耙，播种机具主要有播种机，植树机泛指栽植苗木的营林机械，按作业的机械化程度分为简单植树机、半自动植树机、自动植树机，按作业的立地条件分为采伐迹地植树机、沙地植树机、选择植树机、大苗植树机、容器苗植树机，以及连续开沟、间断开沟、选择挖坑植树机等。抚育机具主要是割灌机以及喷灌设施等。病虫害防治机具、防火机具、钢塑土工格栅采运机具等在营林生产中的

10、种类都是比较单一的。Soil preparation machine mainly plough and harrow, sowing machine mainly include the seeder, machine refers to plant trees planting seedlings of forestry machinery, according to homework mechanization degree is divided into simple plant trees planting trees planting machine, semi-automatic

11、 machine, automatic machine, according to the job site conditions can be divided into cutting blanks tree-planting machine, sand machine, choose to plant trees to plant trees, went to plant trees, container seedling planting machine, trenching and continuous, discontinuous furrowing, select digging

12、holes to plant trees machine, etc. Tending machines mainly cutting machine and a sprinkler irrigation facilities, etc. Plant diseases and insect pests prevention and control of machines and tools, fire prevention of forestry machinery, transport equipment, etc. In the production of varieties are rel

13、atively single. 营林机械的运用，除部分专用机具外，如：植树机、割灌机、油锯、风力灭火机等，其余机具与农业生产都是通用的。营林机械的种类具有不确定性，飞机的应用，飞播造林和森林防火，双梁起重机已远远的超出人们界定的类别。在营林生产中，各机具应用的轻重比例，由其经营目的及生产模式而定。The use of forestry machinery, besides some special tools, such as: planting machine, cutting machine, chain saw, wind extinguisher, etc., and the rest

14、 is common machinery and agricultural production. Forestry machinery types of uncertainty, application of the plane by afforestation and forest fire prevention, has far beyond the defined categories. In forestry production, the weight proportion of each machine used by the business purpose and produ

15、ction mode. 2.2 营林机械的发展方向 营林机械的发展要以“生态效益优先”为原则，坚持生态效益、经济效益和社会效益相统一。2.2 of forestry machinery and development direction of forestry machinery development in ecological priority for the principle, adhere to the ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit are unified. 坚持适用性和专业性相结合的原则。针对营林生产

16、的特点，机具的适用性要考虑地区的林地立地条件、林木特性等综合因素，立足专业，发挥林业优势，幕墙使三种效益和谐发展。例如林木育种及播种不同于农业生产，有些林木种子休眠期长，按林业生产要求生产播种的机具要有较强的专业性。还有植树机具，是否在山地、平原、采伐迹地、荒地等都能适用。所以营林机具的生产，不但针对性要强，适用性也要强。Adhere to the principle of applicability and the combination of professional. In view of the characteristics of forestry production, the applicability of the machinery to consider areas of forest land comprehensive factors such as site conditions, the characteristics of f