高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳超详细.docx

1、高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳超详细英语情态动词的常用用法归纳1概念在英语的动词当中，凡是用来刻画人的情感动作的动词，我们称之为情态动词，情态动词有着具体的汉语意思。但却不能独立作谓语和后面的行为动词一起构成和成谓语。区别于其他的行为动词，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有少数的时态现象 一般时、过去时、将来时等。2应用一.Can1、can表示说话人的能力，常译作能、能够、会。eg：I can speak English very well.Can you swim across the river? Yes, I can/ No, I cant.2、 can可以用来表示说话人的客观可能性，通常应

2、用于否定疑问句式中。eg：People cant live without water.Can you finish the jobs in three hours?Can this be true.3、 在口语里，can表示允诺、允许、可以。等于may，但是may的语气重于can。eg：Can I come in? = May I come in?Can I use your bike? = May I use your bike ?*表示允许可以may mightcould can4、 在“过去时”的语境里，通常用could 表示它的过去式，用be able to 短语（was/were）

3、而could通常用来在一般现在时的语境里表示委婉语气eg：Could（can）you show me the way to the supermarket?5、 can表示猜测（1）对现在状态的一种猜测，只能用在否定疑问句中。eg：Zhang cant be ill really?This cant be done by him.（2）对现在动作的猜测eg: The boy cant be telling lies.Mary works so hard, now, she cant be sleeping.（3）对过去动作的一种猜测eg：He cant have gone to the boo

4、kshop yesterday.Mother couldnt have said it.6、 can（could）惯用法（1）cant wait to do 迫不及待做.eg: Children cant wait to eat apples in the basket.（2）cant help doing 情不自禁做某事。eg：When I heard the news I cant help laughing.（3）cant but do 不得不eg：I cant but refuse you.We cant but ask him about it.*cant but do 区别于 ha

5、ve tohave to 表示说话人在客观条件下的无奈所为，表示说话人的一种无奈情绪。cant but do强烈突出说话人内心的反抗反对情绪。二.May1、 may表示可能性，也许、可能，通常应用于正式文体eg：China may make friends with many people all the world.Boss said that you might drive this new car.You may not take this book out of the reading room.2、 may表示允许、允诺，口语中等于can, may比can语气强。eg：May I s

6、peak here?May I go in to the room to see her? Yes, you may. No, you mustnt.*may 表示允诺、允许，其问句回答的排序eg：May I use your pen?Yes, you sure please. ok.No, you mustntyou had better notplease dontyou cantI dontthink you canyou may not3、 might在表示上述概念时，语气更委婉eg：She was afraid that they might not her idea.He aske

7、d if he might look through your album.4、 may 表示推测，通常用于肯定句中（1）对现在状态的一种推测。eg：He may be very busy now.（2） 对现在动作的一种推测。eg：Where is Tom? He may(might) be having breakfast at this moment.（3） 对过去动作的一种推测。eg：Where were you last night?I might have watched TV or have read the novel at home.5、 may的固定用法（1） may在祈使

8、句中至于句首表示祝愿。eg：May you succeed!May god be with you.May you live to be one hundred.（2） may在状语从句当中构成特殊的状语结构。eg：They wanted to go to the Chinese restaurant they might eat the soup.（3）may/might as well + 动词原形表示 还是.eg：You may as well post him the letter again.It was snowing I might as well stay at home.三.

9、must / have to1、must表示 必须、一定、一定要，是所有情态动词当中语气最强的，突出表现说话人的一种指责，即说话人主观上应该eg：Everybody must obey the rules.People must do everything step by step.Must we hand in our working plan this week?Yes, you must. No, you neednt /you dont have to.have to 必须、不得不、表示说话人客观条件下必须要做的事情，烘托说话人的无奈情绪。eg：I had to answer the

10、same question three times in class.I hope you will have to finish your schooling this year.2、must表示推测，但通常应用于肯定句式。（1）对现在动作的一种推测 must be doingeg：You havent warm clothes, you must be feeling cold.（2）对现在状态的一种推测。eg：ZhangHua must be in his room, because he telephoned me five minutes ago.（3）对过去动作的一种推测 must

11、 have doneeg：The road is white, it must have rained last night.You must have caught the first train, if you have got up early.四.need1、need是特殊的行为动词，具有双重性，即情态动词和行为动词两种形式，通常肯定句式用行为动词形式need to do，否定和疑问用情态动词形式。eg：You need to go there by yourself.He needs to read it for many times.We neednt worry about hi

12、m.Heed I finish my job today?Need I come here tomorrow? Yes, you need / Yes, you need / Yes you shouldYes, you may.Yes, you must.正确排序：Yes, you must / Yes, you have to / Yes, you ought to / Yes, you should / Yes,you need.2、need的特殊用法，可以表示责备。need have done 需要做而没有做的事。neednt have done 没有必要做反而做了的事。eg：You

13、need have done it three days before.The train is close to us, you neednt have hurried their early.3、need的固定用法need doing = need to be done 表示被动意义eg：This young tree needs watering.五.dare1、dare与need一样，具有行为动词，情态动词双重性，肯定句为行为动词，否定疑问句为情态动词。eg：Mary dares to go there alone.Dare you go through the forest at n

14、ight? Yes, I dare.She dare not stay at home alone.No one dared speak of it again.2、dare的惯用法I dare say 我敢说。eg：If your father dies, who will get the money? I dare say my uncle will.六.ought to / should1、ought to指说话人在道义和义务上应尽的责任和义务，使用ought to具有一定针对性，通常是按理推断。should表示应该，只是强调单从人说话的角度上看指 劝告、建议，语气比ought to 弱

15、。eg：You are her mother; you ought to look after her well.The youth ought to defend our mother land.You ought to take your parents suggestion (advice).Ought I to obey the rule in your class?Yes, you ought to / No, you oughtntOughtnt we to do everything possible to stop pollution?We should study forei

16、gn language very hard.One should be selfish.We should encourage the newer, for we are his classmates.2、should在虚拟语气当中可以构成特殊的谓语结构eg：I suggested that he (should) be sent to the hospital at once.should 在虚拟语气中放在疑问，否定句中表示惊讶eg：I shouldnt worry if I were you.Why should she do that?3、 ought to, should 表示责备Ou

17、ght to (should) + be doingOughtnt to (should) + be doing 指说话人对现在动作的一种责备。Ought to (should) + have done 表示说话人对过去动作的一种责备。eg：You should be washing your clothes, why are you playing here?Children shouldnt be watching this film, they should be at school.You should have gone over your lessons.You oughtnt t

18、o have watch TY so late.Im feeling sick. I oughtnt to have eaten so much ice-cream.七.will / shall1、will 从情态动词的角度上看，充分地体现了will 的原始汉意 意愿、愿意 表示这一层意思will可用于多种人称。eg：I will do everything for you.Who will go with me?2、will在疑问句当中通常在和第二人称搭配，表示征询对方意见，表示.好吗？eg：Will you help me carry this box?Will you open the

19、door for me, please?Wont you come over?3、表示某种习惯或某些倾向的动作，通常是it主语eg：Fish will die without water.Whats the matter with the door? It wont lock.Which do you want, this or that? Either will do.4、 shall 在应用时比较强调人称的搭配，即不同的人称代表不同的语境，shall应用于第一人称时表示说话人征询对方意见。eg：What shall we do next?shall应用于第一，第三人称时，除了表示征询对方意

20、见以外，还表示向对方委婉的请求。eg：Shall I open the door?Shall we sit here?Shall the boy wait outside? = Do you want the boy to wait outside?shall应用在第二，第三人称时，表示说话人给予对方警告和命令，允许或威胁。eg：You shall fail if you dont work harder. (警告)He shall have the book till he finished reading it.You shall do as t say.允许八.used to / wou

21、ld1、would 表示意愿，愿意即 will 的过去式，语气更加委婉些，通常是will发生在从句里。eg：He said that he would try his best to help us.Dont worry, I promised that I would do.would 在表达will 的意愿，愿意的语气时，通常会形成特殊的句型，句式。eg：Would you please have lunch with us?Would you pass me the book on the desk?Would you like me to carry it for you?That w

22、ould be kind of you.2、would表示过去常常，即主语常有的一种习惯，但只局限于过去某一阶段的动作。eg：I would drink green tea.When he was young, he would smoke a lot.I have still remember the boy, He used to ask some stupid questions.3、 would 可以用在特殊的语境里，表示说话人的情感或情绪上的宣泄，常用于否定句，肯定句，不用再疑问句里。eg：I dont really understand you, why?-No, you woul

23、dnt. (不指望你明白)4、 would的惯用法would可以用在虚拟语气中eg：I wish the rain would stop for a moment.Would rather do than do？would mind doing 做你介意吗？eg：Would you mind opening the window?5、 used to过去常常（1） 和would比较起来，used to 强调过去常常发生的某事而现在不是。used to没有其他的词形变化，不能与其他的情态动词连用，表示从前经常发生的动作现在却不复存在了。eg：My uncle used to take cold

24、bath in winter.Jams used to have fat meat.（2） used to 有时根据上下文可判定used to后面的成分，所以情态动词used to后面的行为动词可省略。eg：I cant stand as much as I used to.（3）used to 的否定形式在used to前面用didnt表示I didnt use to smoke.在used to前面加neverWhen I was as young as you, students never used to say anything against their teachers.在use

25、d to 后面加notThe woman in our office used not to clean the room.（4） used to 在反意疑问句中的表示eg：John used to be a policeman, didnt he? / used not he?-Yes, he did.No, he didnt.-Yes, he used to.No, he usednt to九.had better最好-；应该-（=should 约等于 ought to）1、与第一人称I ，we 连用时，表示说话人的某种意向。eg：I think we had better wear warm clothes in this season.We had better wait for her for a moment.2、与第二人称连用时，表示说话人的忠告，劝告。eg：You had better go immediately lest you miss the good chance.You had better read the test again and again.