1、中考英语词类知识点整理英语词类知识点整理一. 冠词: 冠词用在名词的前面,有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a;an”之分。定冠词表示“确指”,译作“这(那)个”;不定冠词表示“泛指”,译作“一个”。例题解析:( ) _ lady over there is _ university teacher. A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the “over there”意为“那边的”,是后置定语,它表示前面名词“lady”(女士)是“确指”的说法,因此要加上定冠词“the”。后半句意为“一位大学教师”,是泛指的说法,因此要加上不定冠词“a”或“an”。由于
2、“university”的读音起始于辅音“j”,因此要加定冠词“a”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) He prefers playing _ piano to playing _ hockey. A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the “piano”意为“钢琴”,属于乐器,要求前面加定冠词“the”。后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球”,属于球类活动,要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。( ) Mr. Black was made _ manager of our company. A) / B) a C) an D) the “man
3、ager”表示被选的职位,前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“A”。 此外,冠词还有许多特殊的用法: 1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前,要加定冠词,如:the Great Wall(长城) 2. 在拼音名词前,一般不加任何冠词,如:Thomas Green;Changfeng Park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名词,也要加定冠词“the”,如:the Dongting Lake 4. 一般用“单数名词加a;复数名词不加the”来表示“泛指”的意思。习题训练:Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格内):( ) 1. The
4、re is _ “u” in _ word “uniform.”. A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the( ) 2. _ sign here stands for _ mistake. A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the( ) 3. We made Joyce _ monitor _ her experience. A) a, because B) the, because C) / , because of D) the , because of( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wr
5、ote _ article on Shanghai International Art Festival. A) the B) an C) a D) / ( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _ teacher is from Australia. A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A( ) 6. Paul is _ European student. He likes to study _ history of China. A) a, the B) a, / C) an,
6、the D) an, /( ) 7. This is _ honey. As we all know, _ honey is sweet. A) / , the B) / , / C) the, / D) the, the( ) 8. They didnt catch the last train because of _. A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic( ) 9. It wont take long, its only _ walk.A) ten-minutes
7、B) ten minutes C) ten minutes D) ten-minutes二.名词: 名词表示人或物体的名称,有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter;Party)、集合名词(family, class, police)、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO)等。总体上说,它们可以分成两大类;即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化。例题解析:( ) His grandfather is _. A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green 英语中,人的姓名排列是倒过来的;先是名,即“first
8、 name”,后为姓,即“second name”,也可叫做“family name”或“surname”。做这类题目,必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字,哪个单词是表示姓氏,名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷”,是男名,所以本题答案应该选“B”。( ) _ are playing tennis in the playground. A) The Browns B) The Browns C) Browns D) Browns 英语中,姓氏前加定冠词“the”,后面加“s”,有“一家人”之意。所以本题答案应该选“A”。( ) Be careful. There is a _ hole in
9、 the ground. A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep D) two-feet deep 这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式,在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“”来连接。由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词,因此,在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中,“一个两英尺深的洞”应译为“a two-foot-deep hole”,所以本题答案应该选“A”。( ) Hes got bad toothache. Hed better go to _. A) dentist B) the dentist C) t
10、he dentists D) see the dentists “去看牙科医生”可译为“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentists”。后一个词语中的“the dentists”表示“the dentists clinic”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) The _ teachers wondered if the _ students were in trouble. A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys 英语中,“女教师们”应该译为“women teachers”,而“
11、男学生们” 应该译为“boy students”。 所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) _ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores. A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words “据说”在英语中有多种说法:“It was said that”、“Word came that”、“News came that”、“A message came that”等。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground
12、caught _. A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own“catch ones eye”是固定词组,意为“引起某人注意”;即“be noticed by sb.”。此句中,“eye”是“视线”之意,由“eyesight”演变而来。随着语言的发展,一些词语会产生演变,大致上都是朝“简单化”方向发展,如:“countryside”“country”、“mankind”“man”、 “campsite”“camp”、“in the daytime”“in the day”等。所以本题答案应该选“A”。( ) The lad
13、y with long _ found her husband had already got three gray _. A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair 要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质,要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair”(头发)就是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发”,是不可数名词;后半句说的是“三根白发”,是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。习题训练:Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格
14、内):( ) 1. He has got _ to tell you. A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news( ) 2. Its seven oclock. _ are sitting at table. A) Mr. Greens B) The Greens C) The Greens D) Greens( ) 3. Your brother is the same _ mine. A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like( ) 4. Our bodies need food
15、 to give us _. A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste( ) 5. A lemon is the same _ as a banana. A) yellow B) colour C) fresh D) sweet( ) 6. What kind of _ do you like best? A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons( ) 7. Look at this magazine. Lets do the _ about eating habits. A
16、) quiz B) list C) cooking D) dinner三.代词: 代词是名词的代用词,有指示代词(this, those)、人称代词主宾格(I, me)、形容词性物主代词(my)、名词性物主代词(mine)、反身代词(myself)、不定代词(either, others, anything, nobody)。其中,不定代词的变化最复杂。在不同的句子中,它们的变化和要求都不一样,这一点我们一定要有充分的认识,不能掉以轻心。例题解析:( ) Would you please give _? A) him it B) it him C) to him it D) it to him
17、 英语中,当直接宾语(人)与间接宾语(物)都用人称代词时,一定要先讲间接宾语(物)后讲直接宾语(人),而且要在直接宾语(人)前加上介词“to”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。( ) She always thinks of _ more than _. A) others, her B) the others, she C) others, herself D) the others, herself 在英语中,“别人”属于“泛指”,应译为“others”。后半句是介词“of”的宾语。由于这里的“她”与主语的“她”是属于同一个人,因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语,要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以本题答案
18、应该选“C”。( ) Some people like watching the sports news, _ prefer TV series. A) the others B) the other C) others D) another 在英语中,“一些,另一些”有两种译法:“Some , the others ”是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情况,而“Some , others ”是指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为“一部分人喜欢看体育消息,而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧”,显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容,所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) The light in the room was too
19、 poor for _ to see it clearly. A) everyone B) someone C) anyone D) none 英语中,“too to”意为“太而不能”,具有否定的含义。因此,“for sb.”中应该选运用在否定句中的“anyone”才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) _ the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it. A) Some B) Much C) The most of D) Most of 带有定冠词“the”的名词前,应该用代词词组:“some o
20、f”(意为“其中一些”)、“much of”(意为“其中许多”)、“most of”(意为“其中大多数”)等。“the mose of”(意为“其中最多的”)在本句中的译法欠妥,所以本题答案应该选“D”。( ) Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? Im afraid _ day is possible A) either B) each C) both D) neither 在英语中,有“两者”和“三者以上”的不同词语说法:“both”意为“两者都”、“all”意为“三者以上都”、“neither”意为“两者都不”、“none”或“
21、no one”意为“三者以上都不”、“either”意为“两者之一”、“one”意为“三者以上之一”、“between”意为“两者之间”、“among”意为“三者以上之间”。根据本题句意,答句应该是说“我恐怕没有一天能行”, 所以本题答案应该选“D”。( ) There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, _ two are downstairs. A) other B) the other C) others D) the others 在英语中,“另两个”的译法有多种:“the other two”、“the others”
22、、“the rest”。由于本句中讲到三间浴室,“另两间”的说法应该是“确指”的,因此,必须有定冠词“the”。又由于后句已经写了“two”,因此这里要选作形容词用的“other”。 所以本题答案应该选“B”。( ) The dishes on Table One are much fewer than _ on Table Two. A) that B) those C) dishes D) / 要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性:这句是“the dishes on Table One”(一桌上的菜)和“the dishes on Table Two”(二桌上的菜)作比较,因此后半句中的“菜”
23、字不能省略。“that”与“those”是比较级句中的专用代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数,因此,要用“those”来代替前面的名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。( ) There are more people in this room than _ in that one. A) that B) those C) people D) / 要注意在“There is ”或“There are ”的比较级句型中,习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选“D”。习题训练:Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格内):( ) 1.
24、Show your watch _ me. _ is slow. A) to, Mine B) to, My C) for, Mine D) for, My( ) 2. _ do you like _, the summer holidays or the winter holidays? A) What, better B) What, best C) Which, better D) Which, best( ) 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of _ taken in her housing estate. A) herself B
25、) her C) hers D) myself( ) 4. She told Jack, Tom and me to _ among _. A) talk it over, us B) talk over it, us C) talk it over, ourselves D) talk over it, ourselves( ) 5. Ill do it by myself. I wont need _ help. A) anyones else B) anyone elses C) anyone others D) other anyones( ) 6. I heard _ until m
26、y friend told me about it. A) everything B) something C) nothing D) anything( ) 7. Would you like _ more bread, Jack? A) any B) another C) little D) a little( ) 8. Only one student got the right answer. But _ didnt. A) the other B) another C) others D) the rest( ) 9. He doesnt think _ of them will g
27、o there with you. A) none B) some C) many D) much( )10. The film is dull and _ people like it. A) a few B) few C) a little D) little( )11. Have you all _? A) got ready everything B) got everything ready for C) got everything ready D) got ready for everything( )12. Help _ to some sweets, everyone. A)
28、 yourselves B) your own C) yourself D) by yourself( )13. He has six uncles. Five of them are doctors and _ is a driver. A) another B) the sixth C) other D) the other( )14. Believe or not, I did it all by _. A) me B) us C) myself D) ourselves( )15. A: Are these two books yours ? B: No, _ of them is m
29、ine. A) either B) none C) both D) neither( )16. Neither of the twins _ the toy train. A) like B) likes C) is like D) are like四.数词: 数词有基数词和序数词之分:基数词表示数量概念;序数词表示顺序概念。首先要注意一些数词在写法上的变化,如:forty;ninth;twentieth更要注意它们在句子中的不同用法和变化。例题解析:( ) About _ students went to the picture show that day. A) hundreds of B
30、) two hundreds C) two hundred of D) two hundred “about”意为“大约”,是指具体数量,因此,不能用表示不定数量的词语“hundreds of”(意为“成百个”)。在表示确定数量时,英语中的“hundred”不加“s”,即不变复数。再由于“students”前没有定冠词“the”,不是“其中”之意,因此,也不能加介词“of”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。( ) _ of _ Class Four students have joined the singing group. A) Three-fifths, the B) Three-fifth
31、, the C) Three-fifths, / D) Three-fifth, / 英语中,“几分之几”的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词,中间用短横“”连接。当分子大于“一”时,分母序数词要加“s”。再由于本题句中数量用的是“of”词组,即意为“其中的五分之三”,因此后面的名词“students”必定是“确指”的,要加定冠词“the”。 所以本题答案应该选“A”。在这里要特别注意的是:不要看到“students”前有修饰词“Class Four”就不敢加定冠词“the”,要懂得这里的“the”是修饰“students”的。同样,“the English language”词语的表达形式也类似于此种情况。习题训练:Choose the best answ
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