版 第2部分 板块3 第2讲 冠词和介词.docx

1、版 第2部分 板块3 第2讲 冠词和介词第2讲冠词和介词全国卷考情分析题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.2(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly, Im facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the top of her

2、lungs.3(2018全国卷)I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.4(2017全国卷)As a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.5(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.1.冠词表泛指、特指

3、2固定搭配中的冠词和介词；3介词的基本用法。短文改错1.(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.countryside前加the2(2018全国卷)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons.thea3(2018全国卷)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.forwith4(2017全国卷)They live far fr

4、om the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.第一个aan/one5(2017全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.去掉of1.不定冠词a和an的错用以及它们与the的错用；2冠词的多余或缺失；3固定搭配中冠词、介词的错用；4介词与其他词搭配不当以及介词的缺失或多余。考点一 不定冠词.单句语法填空1(2019石家庄质量检测一)According to William Ha

5、nson, an expert in ceremony，theres a very good reason for this and it has nothing to do with fashion，but rather a royal tradition that dates back to the sixteenth century.2(2019成都诊断)I visited Hangzhou for the first time in the summer of 2016.It is so attractive that I decided to go there for a secon

6、d time next year.3(2019嘉兴测试)Later, her role as Queen Amidala in Star Wars made her an international superstar.4(2019太原二模)Then he opened one of his bags and gave me a handful of freshly picked cherries，explaining that he had just taken them from his orchard.单句改错5That accident took place on winter mor

7、ning of the year 2017.winter前加a不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词或名词的修饰词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词或名词的修饰词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。1不定冠词的基本用法(1)用作可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。(2)用在专有名

8、词前表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。Excuse me，would you please give the iPad to John?打扰一下，请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗？Sorry，but I dont think theres a John in our class.对不起，但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。(3)用在“beofa/an名词”结构中，表示“同一，相同”时，相当于of the same名词。The two plants look different，but they are of a kind (of the same kind)这两种植物看上去不同，但属于同一类

9、。2不定冠词的活用(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get a second chance to make a first impression.最初的印象最持久。毕竟， 你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词：success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，pity，danger，comfort，honour等。Being able to afford a drink

10、 would be a comfort in those tough times.在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of.时， 前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) knowledge of.“精通”；have a (clear/good) understanding of.“了解”。If you dont have a good knowledge of English，its out of the question for you to use it fl

11、exibly and fluently.如果你不精通英语，那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢！3用于固定搭配中all of a sudden突然地 as a matter of fact事实上be/go on a diet节食 pay a visit to参观；拜访make a fool of 愚弄 in a hurry匆忙地make a living谋生 a waste of.浪费once in a while偶尔 keep an eye on 留意；留神give sb.a lift让某人搭便车at a loss不知所措；困惑have a gift for在方面有天赋have a word wit

12、h与谈话in a way从某种意义上说as a result/consequence 因此考点二 定冠词.单句语法填空1(2019合肥检测)Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of the most important art forms in China.2(2019武汉高三调考)After taking a boat from the mainland，I arrived at the island province of Hainan.3(2019赣中南五校一模)He plays the violin but gi

13、ves lessons on the piano.单句改错4(2019福州模拟)I have been staying here for three weeks, and three weeks has been really tough.and后加the5(2019洛阳统考)I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scolding, he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize to our neighbor.athe1定冠词的基本用法(1)指双方都知道的人或物，或特指的人或物的名

14、词前。I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。(2)用于某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人。Were not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的一切。(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词only，very，same前，以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。As is known

15、to all，the Peoples Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。This book is the better one of the two.这本书是这两者中较好的那一本。(4)用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前；乐器前；世纪年代前。例如：the sun；in the 21st century。(5)“the姓氏复数”表示“一家人”The Smiths are coming to dinner.史密斯一家要来赴宴。易错提示a与most连用，位于形

16、容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最的”。(6)用于“bythe表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中， 表示“按计算”。但size，weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this bookstore，that is，by the kilogram.他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖，也就是说是按公斤来卖的。(7)用于“动词(hit，strike，pull，ta

17、ke等)sb.介词the表示身体部位的名词”结构中， 其中的the不可用物主代词代替。hit sb.on the head 打某人的头pull/take sb.by the hand拉/抓住某人的手strike sb.in the face打某人的脸2用于固定搭配中at the moment 此刻，目前 by the way顺便说一下in the way 阻碍；挡路in the distance在远处not in the least 一点也不 on the contrary与此相反the other day 几天之前 on the other hand另一方面to the point中肯； 切

18、题 take the place of 代替go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧in the habit of有的习惯make the most/best of 充分利用to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话for the time being 暂时考点三 零冠词单句改错1(2019邯郸联考)At first, I decided to eat less in order to lose the weight.去掉the2(2019新疆第二次检测)Who is in the charge of the United Nations？去掉第一个th

19、e3(2019石家庄检测一)In the fact, this happens in many places of interest.I have some suggestions to solve this problem.去掉the1零冠词的基本用法(1)用于不含普通名词的纯专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词或复数名词前。Human life is regarded as part of nature and，therefore，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.人类生活被认为是

20、自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处。The Smiths dont usually like staying at hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。(2)名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，each，no，any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词。Each student must hand in his(her) exercise book

21、by the end of this week.每个学生必须在本周末交作业本。(3) 表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时， 其前通常用零冠词。Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得斯彭斯博士告诉我们说，“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词，及球类、棋类和学科名词前。Of all the subjects

22、，I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有益的知识。(5)表示泛指的复数名词前。Bricks can be used to build houses.砖可以用来建房子。2用于固定搭配中on/catch fire着火 by mistake错误地by chance/accident碰巧 in history在历史上under repair在维修中 hand in hand 手拉手do harm to对有害 on pur

23、pose故意地in place在正确位置 in danger在危险中in return作为回报 at present 目前ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前lose heart 灰心 out of control失控at dawn/dusk/night在黎明/黄昏/夜晚make room for为让出空间3有无冠词意义不同的搭配 考点四 常考介词的用法.单句语法填空1(2019武汉高三调考)Flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the East China Sea, the Yangtze is a natural division

24、between north and south.2(2019河南八市质检)Ocean currents changed with the climate and probably led the fish into different areas.3(2019豫南九校质量考评)My parents and teachers were surprised at my bad performance.单句改错4(2019临沂一模)If you find a position at there, Im sure youll have a rapid improvement in both your

25、character and ability. 去掉at5(2019山西四校联考)In Sunday morning, Li Lin was about to study when his father came up and advised him to have a break. InOn1表示时间的介词介词用法at表示时间的点，时刻等。at 6：00 oclock在6点钟；at daybreak在黎明 on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon在周一下午；on a rainy day mornin

26、g在一个雨天的上午in表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century在 20世纪；in winter在冬季；in September在9月；in the morning在上午since时间点自从以来for时间段长达during在期间until/till直到by 到为止；不迟于；表示增减的量in/after时间段在之后。“in时间段”常与将来时连用；“after时间段”常与过去时连用before 在之前over 在期间；直到结束Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.简很

27、着急，因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。In Britain，its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。易错提示(1)当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，every，each等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。(2)“on/upon名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一就”。2表示方位的介词介词用法at后常接相对较小的地方in后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内on表示“在上”。(反义词beneath)across表示“从的表面穿过；在对面”through表示“从的内部穿过”ov

28、er表示“从的上面跨过”。(反义词under)above指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”。(反义词below)The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little stream.狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪。The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。3表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on都意为“用”。with多

29、指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。by train乘火车；on the radio通过收音机；on TV通过电视；with a pencil用铅笔4表示“除之外”的介词(短语)介词用法besides意为“除之外(还有)”，相当于in addition to except意为“除之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句but 意为“除之外”( except)apart from既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于except forother than意为“除

30、之外(别无)”Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。易错提示(1)but常用于nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything，everyone，all 之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略。(2)besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。5表示原因的介词(短语)for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result ofThe openair celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。Owing to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。易错提示上述短语都可作状语，due to还可作表语。thanks to 表示“多亏，幸亏”，多位