1、动词的时态动词的时态时态是英语谓语动词通过自身的变化来表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态的各种形式。每一种“时间-方式”就构成一种时态,所以英语动词共有16种时态,其中最常见的有5种(*表示),较为常用的有4种(*表示)。现以动词write为例,将16种时态列表如下:方式时间一般进行完成完成现在现在rwite*writes*amis writingare*have,haswritten*has, havebeen writing过去*wrote*was,werewriting*had writtenhad been writing将来*shall,willwriteshall will be wr
2、itingshall,will have writtenshall,will have been writing.过去将来*should,wouldwriteshould, would be writingshould, would have writtenshould, would have been writing一般现在时一般现在时的基本用法一般现在时(the present indefinite)主要表示:1):经常发生或反复发生的动作:He gets up at six.他六点起床。Do you often wash you hairs?你经常洗头么?2)现时的情况或状态。LiuXi
3、ang enjoy reading book.刘翔喜欢读书。3)永恒的真理。It snows in winter冬天下雪。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东边升起。一般过去时一般过去时的基本用法一般过去时(the simple past tense)主要表示:1)过去某个时间发生的行为,常跟有表示时间过去的状语。He went to Erdos yesterday.他昨天去鄂尔多斯了。How did you get the job?你怎么找到工作?2)was用于第一、第三人称;were用于除第一、第三人称外所有。The party was very funny.晚会很
4、有趣。Where were you yesterday?你昨天在哪里呢?3)前一会儿发生的事,也用一般过去时表示你:She was here five minutes ago.她前五分钟还在这里呢。4)叙述性的文字(小说、故事等)。Laura was born in USA. Her parents came from China一般将来时一般将来时的基本用法一般将来时(the simple future tense)主要表示:1)表示在将来要发生的事情,(在口语中用will)She will be here at six.他六点来。2)表示未来习惯性的动作Spring will come a
5、gain。春天还会来的。3)提出请求Will you do me a favor?可以帮我一下吗?4)做出允诺I will be there ,I promise you。我答应你我会去的。5)表示同意Dont be late,-no I will not.别迟到了,放心吧。现在进行时现在进行时的基本用法现在进行时(the present tense)主要表示:1)正在进行或发生的动作。What are you doing?-I am playing。你在做什么呢?我在玩呢!2)有时表示现阶段正发生的事,但动作此刻不一定在进行。She is teaching at a high school.
6、她在一所高中教书。现在完成时现在完成时的基本用法:havehas+动词过去分词。现在完成时主要表示:1)表示行为或状态由过去某时延续到现在或刚刚结束。ZhangPing has lived in Erdos for 100 years.张平在鄂尔多斯居住了100年了。I have lost my key。我丢了我的钥匙。2)常可与just、yet、already、recently、over这类副词连用He has just left.他刚离开。The snow has already stopped.雪已经停了。3)也可和表示从过去某时到现在这段时间的状语连用I havent seen him
7、 today.我今天没见他。4)还常和for以及since引导的状语或与how long连用I havent seen Obama for a long time.好长时间没见奥巴马啦。5)表示持续到现在的动作How long has he been ill?他生病多久了?过去进行时过去进行时的基本用法:waswere+动词现在分词。过去进行时主要表示:1)过去某时的一个动作正在进行,过去时间可由一个状语表达出来。What were you doing when I rang you up?我给你打电话时你在做什么呢?2)有时由上下文表示时间Jason was in town,he was d
8、oing some shopping。Jason 在城里,他在买东西。3)还可用于状语从句中He met his girlfriend while he was studying in USA。他在美国上学时遇见他的女朋友。过去完成时过去完成时的基本用法:had+动词过去分词。(过去的过去)过去完成时主要表示:1)过去某时前某时已经发生When I arrived,Jason had left。我到时,Jason刚刚离开By the end of June,they had treated over 1000 patients。截止六月底,他们已经医治了1000多病人。She had been
9、 a teacher before she became an actress.她当演员前是一名教师。2)表示与过去的事实相反If you had not worked hard,you couldnt made such progress。加假如你当初不努力,就不会有今天这么大的进步。过去将来时过去将来时的基本用法:shouldwould+动词原形。过去将来时主要表示:1)从过去的观点看将要发生的事That year she was 10,after ten years she would be 20.那年她10岁,10年后,她是20.It was four oclock, The sun
10、would come up very soon.四点了,太阳很快就会出现。现在完成进行时现在完成进行时的基本用法:havehas been+现在分词。现在完成进行时主要表示:1)表示一行为从过去延续到现在,并且仍在进行。We have been waiting for you for a long time .我们等你很久了。He has been planting trees all these years.多年来他一直在植树。过去完成进行时过去完成进行时的基本用法:had been+现在分词。过去完成进行时主要表示:1)持续到过去某时的一个动作He was tired .He had been working since morning.他很累,早上就一直在工作。
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