新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册Unit7课文语法讲.docx

1、新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册Unit7课文语法讲新视野三版 读写B2 U7 Text AWoman at the management level1When Monica applied for a job as an administrative assistant in 1971, she was asked whether she would rather work for a male or a female attorney. I immediately said a man, she says. I felt that a male-boss/female-employee

2、relationship was more natural, needing no personal accommodation whatsoever. But 20 years later, when she was asked the same question, she said, I was pleasantly surprised that female bosses are much more accessible to their employees; theyre much more sensitive and intimate with their employees.2Fe

3、male bosses today are still finding they face subtle resistance. There is still a segment of the population, both men and, surprisingly, women who report low tolerance for female bosses. The growing presence of female bosses has also provoked two major questions that revolve around styles: Do men an

4、d women manage differently, and, if so, is that a good thing?3Monica is disposed to think so, on both counts. Now a 40-year-old mother of four, she is president of a public sector labor union with 45,000 members. Relations with my employees are probably different from those of male managers precedin

5、g me, she says. I know what its like to have to call and say my kid got the mumps so I wont be coming in. I have a more flexible style not soft, just more understanding. The man who is Monicas assistant agrees, She tends to delegate more and is always looking for a consensus. People are happy and fl

6、ourish because they have an input into decisions and they are not mere bystanders; their energies are harnessed. On the other hand, consensus takes longer.4So, are the differences symbolic or real? Plausible studies suggest that men are typically hierarchical, goal-oriented and feel entitled. Women,

7、 by contrast, manage diplomatically, and share power. That point of view is often challenged and argued. Some proclaim that men and women of similar backgrounds, experience and aspirations basically manage in the same way. This view is echoed by younger women, especially those who have encountered l

8、ittle gender discrimination. That was certainly the lesson for Nicole. When her father died of a heart attack, she was an employee at a petroleum products export company. She quit and took over her familys 160-acre fruit farm in St.Davids County. On her first day in the field, a workercalled her dar

9、ling. He was trying to test me. I was shaking with anger, says Nicole, now 34. I stood erect and said, You wouldnt have called my father darling and youre not going to take that liberty with me. If you do, Ill fire you. 5 When women work for women, a different dynamic often takes over. Susan, a cash

10、ier in a Toronto auction house, says that she has explored friendships with some of her female bosses and feels she can rely on them more. While women may feel more at ease with a female boss, men often have to make concessions to the new working styles. Brian, a marine biologist, says, It took me a

11、 couple of years before I felt comfortable enough to relax around a female manager. In fact, my relations with her were much more businesslike.6To some extent, the male-female differences come down to conflicting styles. One female vice-president discussed the time she burst into tears during a meet

12、ing. Men think that tears are a nuclear weapon in a conventional war. They take exception to a woman crying, inferring that shes feeling unhappy or violated. The men failed to understand that what prompted her tears was not hurt but genuine rage. When we cry, its because we have all this valid rage

13、that has no appropriate release, she says.Women cry; men get relief by going on with the offense or by veiling their feelings to appear composed.7Deborah, president of a firm with its headquarters in Toronto, says that even if men do understand, they sometimes react differently to the identical info

14、rmation and to her cooperative management style.8Deborah says that her authority is sometimes undermined by perceptions about her gender. It stems from the whole social context of traditional roles for men and women, she says. Mom would tell you to do things, but perhaps you wouldnt take as much not

15、ice as when Dad told you to do things. Men also have a stronger urge to control, she says.9For female bosses, the great expectation of some female employees is one more obstacle. Junior women assume a female boss will promote them more quickly than a man would. But, they also expect female bosses to

16、 be more self-sufficient. They ask, Why cant you scan your own stuff? or Why cant you do your own filing? says one senior female executive.10On the other hand, there is no dispute that a few decades ago they would rarely have had a female boss in the workplace.Nina, a management consultant says shes

17、 vaguely optimistic. Im looking forward to the day, before I die, when we recognize that the best management styles willbe composed of the best that both genders bring to the table . Well, she pauses, maybe not before she dies, perhaps in her daughters lifetime.Language Points:1 When Monica applied

18、for a job as an administrative assistant in 1971, she was asked whether she would rather work for a male or a female attorney. (Para. 1) Meaning: Monica was asked if she would like to work for a male or a female lawyer when she applied for a managing job at a law firm in 1971.Sentence structure note

19、: “would rather”句型1would rather 的意思是“宁愿；宁可；更；最好；仍是为宜”，后接动词原形，表示优先选择的一种方式。其否定形式是 would rather not do sth., would rather 没有人称和数的变化， 所有的人称一概用 would rather。例如：If you/he would rather be alone, well all leave here. 若是你/他宁愿独自呆着，那咱们会都离开这儿。2would rather 后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词用一样过去时，表示希望或宁愿某人按某特定的方式做某事，那个结构常常表达的是此刻或以

20、后的行为。例如：Id rather you didnt make any comment on the issue for the time being. 我想目前你仍是不要对此事发表任何评论。2“I felt that a male-boss/female-employee relationship was more natural, needing no personal accommodation whatsoever.” (Para. 1)Meaning: I felt that there was no need to compromise in a relationship bet

21、ween a male boss and a female employee since it was more natural.3But 20 years later, when she was asked the same question, she said, “I was pleasantly surprised that female bosses are much more accessible to their employees; theyre much more sensitive and intimate with their employees.” (Para. 1)Me

22、aning: However, when she was asked the same question 20 years later, She responded that it was a nice surprise to find out that female bosses had been much easier to approach, more understanding, and closer to their workers.Meaning beyond words: Her answer was entirely different from what she had re

23、sponded 20 years before. It can be assumed that she gained this particular feeling gradually.4Female bosses today are still finding they face subtle resistance. (Para. 2) Meaning beyond words: Female bosses today are still experiencing gender discrimination, though it may not always be obvious or no

24、ticeable.5There is still a segment of the population, both men and, surprisingly, women who report low tolerance for female bosses. (Para. 2)Meaning: A portion of people, men and, unexpectedly, even women state that they can hardly bear working with female bosses.6The growing presence of female boss

25、es has also provoked two major questions that revolve around styles: Do men and women manage differently, and, if so, is that a good thing? (Para. 2)Meaning: With the number of female bosses increasing, two questions have been raised in terms of styles: Do men and women work differently? Are the dif

26、ferences good for management if there are any?7Monica is disposed to think so, on both counts. Now a 40-year-old mother of four, she is president of a public sector labor union with 45,000 members. (Para. 3) Meaning: Monica, a 40-year-old mother of four children and president of a public sector labo

27、r union with 45,000 members, is inclined to look at these two points positively: Women do manage differently from men and that is a good thing.Note: “A public sector labor union” (also public sector trade union) refers to a labor union which primarily represents the interests of employees within pub

28、lic sector(government-owned, supported or regulated) organizations. Public sector unions have become some of the larger or more influential unions in certain areas of the world in recent times as private sector union membership has declined sharply.8“Relations with my employees are probably differen

29、t from those of male managers preceding me,” she says. “I know what its like to have to call and say my kid got the mumps so I wont be coming in. I have a more flexible style not soft, just more understanding.” (Para. 3)Meaning: She said that she was perhaps different form the previous male managers

30、 in relation with the employees because she knew what it meant when someone had to make a phone call telling her that he or she wouldnt go to work due to the illness of their child. She added that she was more flexible and understanding but not weaker in terms of working style.Meaning beyond words:

31、In a broad sense, female bosses are better than male bosses in boss-employee relations because they are more understanding and tend to show more consideration to their employees.9The man who is Monicas assistant agrees, “She tends to delegate more and is always looking for a consensus. People are ha

32、ppy and flourish because they have an input into decisions and they are not mere bystanders; their energies are harnessed. On the other hand, consensus takes longer.” (Para. 3)Meaning: The man who is Monicas assistant holds the same opinion that she usually gives people more rights and is always seeking agreement. Since people have their voice heard in decision-making and are not playing the role of a witness only, they feel happy and successful. In this way, their energies are utilized. However, it takes more time to reach an agreement.Mea