学年高中英语Unit1AdvertisingSectionⅣGrammar.docx

1、学年高中英语Unit1AdvertisingSectionGrammarSection Grammar & Writing 语法图解 探究发现He said to me, “You are wrong.”He told methat I was wrong.“Are you a soldier？” he asked.He askedif/whether I was a soldier.He asked, “Where are you going to get off, John？”He asked John where he was going to get off.“Make sure th

2、e door is closed，” the teacher said to me.The teacher told me to make sure the door was closed.“I will come and see you again this evening, Tom，” she said.She told Tom that she wouldgo and see him againthat evening.“I will come here again today，” she said.She said that shed go there again that day.我

3、的发现(1)若直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，要用连词that来引导宾语从句；直接引语中的人称、时态等都要作相应的变化，如句。(2)若直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词if或whether来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，如句。(3)若直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，需用原来的疑问词来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，如句。(4)若直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，需改用“动词宾语不定式”结构，其中的动词通常是表示“命令、建议、请求”的动词，如句。(5)直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词和动词要做相应变化，如句。(6)直接引语变间接引语时，地点

4、状语和时间状语要做相应变化，如句。一、基本概念引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，叫作直接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号的叫作间接引语。直接引语变为间接引语时，需在时态形式、人称代词、指示代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语以及语序等方面做相应的变化。“I like singing，” she said.(直接引语)She said she liked singing.(间接引语)她说她喜欢唱歌。“Dont touch anything，” he said.(直接引语)He told us not to touch anything.(间接引语)他告诉我

5、们不要碰任何东西。二、直接引语变为间接引语时各种句式的转换1引述陈述句时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常被省略。)，主句动词主要用say, tell, repeat, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等。He said, “I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。He said, “Ive left my book in your room.”He told methat he had left his book in my room

6、.他告诉我他把书忘在我房间里了。即时演练1改写句子The doctor said，“You should eat more vegetables.”(改为间接引语)The_doctor_told_me_that_I_should_eat_more_vegetables.2引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时，通常用whether或if引导，而引述选择疑问句时，一般只能用whether 引导。原句中的谓语动词said要改为asked，语序用陈述句语序。He asked, “Are you sure your mother will come？”He asked me whether/ifI was su

7、re my mother would come.他问我是否确信我妈妈会来。He asked, “They live in groups, dont they？”He asked whether/if they lived in groups.他问它们是否是群居。He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student？”He asked me whether I was a teacher or a student.他问我是老师还是学生。巧学助记一般疑问句变间接引语“口诀”：if/whether接引语，陈述语序莫忘记；人称、时态和状语，变化需用陈述句。即时演练2(1)

8、句型转换(每空一词)She said, “Do you like watching the advertisements on TV？”She asked me if/whetherIliked watching the advertisements on TV.She said, “You have seen the film, havent you？”She wondered if/whetherIhadseen the film.(2)“Have you seen the film？” he asked me.He asked me_.Ahad I seen the filmBhave

9、I seen the filmCif I have seen the filmDwhether I had seen the film解析：选D直接引语变间接引语时，一般疑问句要变为由whether或if引导的宾语从句，因主句是一般过去时，从句需用过去的某种时态，故只有D项正确。3引述特殊疑问句时，用原句中的疑问词作为间接引语的连接词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)，语序用陈述句语序。“Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad？” Bill asked.Bill asked where I had found the ads for jobs ab

10、road.比尔问我是在哪儿找到有关到国外工作的广告的。“What are you doing now？” Mom asked.Mom asked what I was doing then.妈妈问我当时在做什么。巧学助记直接引语为疑问句时，将其变为间接引语要遵循“一改、二换、三变化、四连词”的原则。一改：指改变语序；二换：即换said为asked；三变化：指人称、时态、状语变化；四连词：即直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语中应用whether/if引导；直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原来的疑问词引导。即时演练3(1)句型转换(每空一词)He asked, “Who cured you of

11、 your toothache？”He asked me whohadcured me of my toothache.He asked me, “What do you do on weekends？”He asked me whatIdid on weekends.She asked me, “Why are you laughing at me？”She asked me whyIwas laughing at her.(2)(2015湖南高考)You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of gettin

12、g there.Awhat BthatCwhere Dwho解析：选C句意：你如果要计划到达那里的最好的方法，就得知道自己要去哪里。分析句子结构可知，know后面是宾语从句，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。4引述祈使句通常用“动词宾语不定式”结构。如果祈使句为否定句，要在不定式的前面加上not。引述表示命令的祈使句，常用动词order, tell, warn；引述表示请求的祈使句常用动词ask, beg；引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句常用动词advise等。He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.”He asked me to go ther

13、e again the next day.他让我第二天再到那儿去。He said, “Do have a look yourself first.”He advised me to have a look myself first.他建议我自己先看一看。He said, “Dont make so much noise, boys.”He told the boys not to make so much noise.他叫那些男孩不要弄出那么多的噪音。巧学助记祈使句变间接引语，遵循“一改、二变、三加、四去”原则：一改：said (to)改为asked或told二变：said to的宾语变成as

14、ked等的宾语三加：即在动词原形前加to，使其成为动词不定式四去：去掉please即时演练4(1)句型转换(每空一词)The teacher said to the boy, “Open the door, please！”The teacher told the boy toopen the door.His father said to him, “Dont leave the window open when you are out.”His father told him nottoleave the window open when he was out.“Please explai

15、n why youre late，” the boss said.The boss asked him toexplain why he was late.(2)She asked her little brother _ tell their mother about it.Adont BnotCdidnt Dnot to解析：选D如果直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时常变为不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语。ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”。三、直接引语变成间接引语时要特别注意几个变化1人称的变化人称变化记忆口诀：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”一随主：引号内的第

16、一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。She said, “Im a senior partner in a law firm.”She said that she was a senior partner in a law firm.她说她是法律事务所的资深合伙人。二随宾：引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。He said to Lily, “You must make good use of the chance.”He told Lily thatshe must make good use of the chance.他对李莉说必须好好利用这次机会。第三人称不更

17、新：引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变。She said to me, “They want to purchase a new car.”She told me thatthey wanted to purchase a new car.她对我说他们想买一辆新车。即时演练5把下列句子变为间接引语，注意人称变化He said, “She will come here to have a long holiday.”He_said_that_she_would_go_there_to_have_a_long_holiday.She said to me, “You play basketba

18、ll better than me.”She_told_me_that_I_played_basketball_better_than_her.“I bought this pair of shoes for my father，” Kate said.Kate said she had bought that pair of shoes for her father.My father said, “I hope you will grow up to be President.” My_father_said_that_he_hoped_I_would_grow_up_to_be_Pres

19、ident.2时态的变化直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态形式不变。但是如果引述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态形式一般按下列规律变化：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时The teacher said, “You are doing OK.”The teacher said that we were doingOK.老师说我们做得不错。He said, “I have written a novel.”He said that hehad

20、 writtena novel.他说他已经写完了一篇小说。即时演练6(1)把下列句子变为间接引语，注意时态变化He said, “I saw the film yesterday.”He_said_that_he_had_seen_the_film_the_day_before.She said, “I have seen the film. It is good.”She_said_that_she_had_seen_the_film,_and_that_it_was_good.Peter said, “Im busy today.”Peter_said_that_he_was_busy_t

21、hat_day.He asked, “Is it raining？”He_asked_if_it_was_raining.The teacher said, “I will give my students a few holidays at the end of this month.” The_teacher_promised_that_he_would_give_his_students_a_few_holidays_at_the_end_of_that_month.(2)He asked his mother _ the pen, the precious gift from his

22、best friend.Awhere did she find Bwhere she foundCwhere had she found Dwhere she had found解析：选D宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除A、C两项；因为find the pen表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词asked表示的动作之前，所以宾语从句用过去完成时，故选D项。3指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词thisthatthese those时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis week/ month, etc.that wee

23、k/ month, etc.yesterdaythe day beforelast week/ month, etc.the week/ month, etc. beforetwo weeks/ months, etc. agotwo weeks/ months, etc. beforetomorrowthe next daynext week/ month, etc.the next week/ month, etc地点状语herethere方向动词comegobringtake“I will come and help you tomorrow, Mary，” she said.She t

24、old Mary that she wouldgoand help her the next day.她告诉玛丽第二天她会去帮她。“Ill come and see you again this evening, Tom，” he said.He told Tom (that) he wouldgo and see him again that evening.他告诉汤姆他那晚要再去看他。即时演练7将下列句子变为间接引语，注意指示代词、物主代词和时间状语的变化He said, “I am living with my cousin.”He_said_that_he_was_living_wit

25、h_his_cousin.Mr Green asked, “Jack, have you passed the exam yesterday？”Mr_Green_asked_Jack_whether_he_had_passed_the_exam_the_day_before.The old man said, “I like to talk with these young men.”The_old_man_said_that_he_liked_to_talk_with_those_young_men.4语序变化直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问语序变为陈述语序，并且需把谓语动词say或

26、say to sb.变为ask 或ask sb.。“Are all ads playing tricks on us？” I asked her.I asked her whether/if all ads wereplaying tricks on us.我问她是否所有的广告都欺骗我们。The teacher asked the boy, “How many pages have you read today？”The teacher asked the boy how many pages he had read that day.老师问那个男孩那天读了多少页。即时演练8(1)完成句子Sh

27、e asked me how_long_it_had_taken (花费多长时间) to build the church.He asked me whether/if_he_could_use_my_bicycle (他能否用我的自行车)(2)Excuse me, but can you tell me _？Awhere can I get to the libraryBwhere I can get to the libraryChow can I get to the libraryDhow I can get to the library解析：选D句意：打扰一下，你能告诉我去图书馆怎么

28、走吗？宾语从句要用陈述语序。四、直接引语变成间接引语时，时态保持不变的几种情况如果引述动词为过去式时，间接引语中动词的形式则在下列情况下不用变化：1直接引语是客观真理、格言、谚语。He said, “Im a boy, not a girl.”He said that he is a boy, not a girl.他说他是男孩，不是女孩。2直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jane said, “Mary, where were you going when I met you on the bus？”Jane asked Mary where she was going when she m

29、et her on the bus.简在公交车上碰见玛丽时，问她要去哪里。3直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。John said，“I was born on June 8, 2000.”John said he was born on June 8, 2000.约翰说他出生于2000年6月8日。4直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语时，时态不变。He said, “I have breakfast at seven every morning.”He said hehas breakfast at seven every mo

30、rning.他说他每天早晨七点吃早饭。即时演练9(1)把下列各句改为间接引语(每空一词)The teacher said, “where there is a will, there is a way.”The teacher said thatwhere there is a will, there is a way.He said, “I was born in 1986.”He said thathewasborn in 1986.“When did you come here？” she asked.She asked mewhenIwentthere.(2)The teacher told the students that since light _ faster than sound, lightning _ to go before thunder.Atravelled; appeared Btravels; appearsCtravels; will appear Dtravell