高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题一语法基础考点五非谓语.docx

1、高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题一语法基础考点五非谓语考点五 非谓语动词限时25分钟一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1_ (climb) mountains is really fun.答案Climbing句意：爬山真是有趣。动名词在句中作主语。2_ (control) her anger, Maria turned around and walked away from him.答案To control句意：为了克制愤怒，玛丽亚转身离开了他。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。3The smart watch has become the latest hitech tren

2、d, _ (allow) wearers to take calls without touching their phones.答案allowing句意：这款智能手表已经成为最新的高科技趋势，它可以让戴的人不碰电话就接听。分析句子结构可知，allow和the smart watch是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用动词的ing形式。4It is said that sixty percent of all energy _ (produce) in the world today is being lost as wasted heat.答案produced句意：据说现在世界上生产的60%的能源

3、正在以废热的形式流失。分析句子成分可知，produce与其逻辑主语energy之间是动宾关系，故此处用过去分词作后置定语。5All modern American literature comes from a book _ (call) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.答案called此处called The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn作定语修饰a book，意为“一本被叫作哈克贝利费恩历险记的书”。6This restaurant, _ (own) by an old couple, has an inviting,

4、homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack.答案owned分析题干可知，own与restaurant之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，空格处应该使用过去分词。7As a young man, hed rather have a room of his own, however small it is, than _ (share) a room with someone else.答案share句意：作为一个年轻人，他宁愿有一个属于自己的房间，不管有多小，也不愿和其他人合住。would rather do sth. than do sth.“宁愿做

5、某事也不愿做某事”，为固定结构，故此处用动词原形share。8It is a waste of time _ (persuade) such a person to join us.答案persuading句意：劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。It is a waste of time doing sth.“做某事是浪费时间”。9_(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.答案Lostbe lost in sth.为固定搭配，意为“全神贯注于，沉浸于”。过去分词短语Lost in thought在句中作原因状语

6、。10_(dress) in her favorite skirt, she seemed to be more confident.答案Dressed句意：穿着她最喜欢的裙子，她看起来更自信了。be dressed in“穿着”，表示一种状态，故用过去分词作状语。11We agreed _ (meet) here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.答案to meet句意：我们约好了在这里见面，但她到现在还没有出现。不定式在句中作agree的宾语。12Almost all metals are good conductors, silver_(be) the

7、 best of all.答案being句意：几乎所有的金属都是良好的导体，其中银是最好的。句中的两部分由逗号分隔，无连词，逗号前面是含有谓语动词的句子；逗号后的部分有其主语silver，由此可推断，逗号后需要用独立主格形式。还原成句子应为“Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.”。13While _ (celebrate) the progress that has been made to date, humans still have a long way to go to defeat

8、cancer.答案celebrating句意：当人类为目前所取得的成就而庆祝时，在抗癌方面，其实还有很长的路要走。现在分词作状语，表示与其逻辑主语humans之间是主动关系。14Greatly _ (encourage), the researcher into agriculture began to study this particular type of plant.答案encouraged句意：受到了极大的鼓舞，这位农业研究人员开始研究这种特殊的植物。the researcher与encourage之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示被动。15She was the f

9、irst woman _ (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.答案to win句意：她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。当名词或代词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，则用不定式作其后置定语。16Id like to see the plan _ (carry) out.答案carried句意：我想看到这个计划被执行。plan与carry out之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。17_ (remind) not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which

10、 is really dangerous.答案Reminded句意：尽管被提醒不要酒后开车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，这十分危险。remind和主语some drivers之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作状语。18The flood last month in the east was a real disaster, _ (leave) 19 people dead and 78 missing.答案leaving句意：上个月在东部的洪水真的是一场灾难。它导致19人死亡，78人失踪。leave的逻辑主语是the flood, 二者之间构成主谓关系。故答案为leaving。19Paul does

11、nt have to be made _ (learn). He always works hard.答案to learnmake后接动词不定式作宾补时需要省掉to, 但是当make用于被动语态，要还原to。20The sunlight is white and blinding, _ (throw) hardedged shadows on the ground.答案throwing句意：阳光明亮刺眼，在地上投下轮廓分明的影子。throw与The sunlight之间为主动关系，且表示伴随，因此填throwing。21Whats that noise?Theres a truck stopp

12、ing outside. Its someone _ (deliver) something.答案delivering句意：噪音怎么回事？有一辆卡车停在外边，有人正在搬运东西。deliver与所修饰词someone之间是主动关系，强调动作正在进行，故填delivering。22Struggling his way in the dark for a whole night, he finally found himself _ (lose) in the forest.答案lost句意：整个晚上在黑暗中，他努力探索出路，但最终发现自己在森林中迷路了。lose与宾语himself之间为动宾关系，

13、故填lost。23The movie Jurassic Park was a big hit, with its novel idea _ (strike) a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts.答案striking句意：电影侏罗纪公园非常成功，它新颖的想法使人们感到既恐惧，又兴奋。本句是“with宾语宾补”结构。strike与idea之间为主动关系，故用striking。24The old couple, _ (live) in the small village for years, can tell the names

14、of all the villagers.答案having lived分析句子成分可知，主语The old couple和live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；且句中有表示一段时间的时间状语for years，因此用live的现在分词的完成式。25Ive worked with different kinds of people before, so I know what _ (do) in my new job.答案to do此处是“疑问词动词不定式”作宾语。空格前面出现了特殊疑问词what, what to do在句中作know的宾语。26_ (weigh) the advantages ag

15、ainst the disadvantages, I decided to take up the job as an assistant in the shop.答案Having weighed句意：权衡了利弊之后，我决定在这个商店当一名助理。根据句意可知，weigh所表示的动作先于decided所表示的动作，故此处用现在分词的完成式作状语。27Under the environment of fierce competition, the only way John could imagine _ (handle) stress was to get tougher by making g

16、reater efforts.答案to handle/of handling句意：在激烈竞争的环境下，约翰唯一能想到的处理压力的方法就是通过更努力变得更坚强。由于前面是the only way，故此处应用to do结构或of doing结构。要注意John could imagine的干扰，它是定语从句，用来修饰the only way。28The light in the office is still on.Oh, I forgot _ (turn) it off.答案to turn句意：办公室的灯还亮着。哦，我忘记关灯了。forget to do sth.表示“忘记去做某事”；forge

17、t doing sth.表示“忘记做过某事”。29_ (walk) in the street yesterday, I saw a friend of mine.答案Walking因为I 与walk之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词Walking作状语。30_ (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.答案Not knowing句意：不知道该上哪所大学，女孩向老师征求意见。两分句间无连词，故用非谓语动词；且the girl与know之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。根据句意，应用否

18、定形式，在其前加not。二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。1Nearly everybody looks forward to educated in a wellknown university._答案educated前面加beinglook forward to意为“盼望”，其中to 是介词，后面接名词或动词ing形式作宾语。且educate与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用动名词的被动形式。2When asking about his comments on the mine accident, the boss said much remained to be do

19、ne to make it clear._答案askingaskedask和the boss之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。3The Second World War involved over 100 million people, makes it the most widespread war in history._答案makesmaking句意：二战牵连了1亿多人，这使它成为历史上最广泛的战争。分析句子成分可知，该句应用动词的ing形式作结果状语。4He is not somebody that has been sitting quietly around not do an

20、ything._答案dodoing句意：他并不是一个安静地坐在一边，什么都不做的人。that引导定语从句，从句中的doing作伴随状语。5Circumstances permit, he would not have cancelled the trip he had been longing for._答案permitpermitting句意：如果条件允许的话，他就不会取消他一直渴望的旅行了。这里用“名词现在分词”构成独立主格结构，相当于If circumstances permit。6All the passengers, please put the trash and waste in

21、 the plastic bags providing on your right._答案providingprovided句意：各位乘客，请把垃圾和废物放进给你们提供的在你们的右手边的塑料袋里。provide与the plastic bags之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。这里用provide的过去分词形式作定语修饰bags。7The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laying for a meal to be cooked._答案layinglaidwith复合结构的构成是“with宾语宾语补足语

22、”，由于lay与table之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。8In an average British home, afternoon tea is simplebiscuits with a cup of tea, normally prepared use a teabag._答案useusing句意：在普通的英国家庭，下午茶很简单一些饼干再加一杯茶，茶叶通常以茶叶袋的形式备好。这里用现在分词短语作方式状语。9In order to make herself be noticed, she put on a red hat. _答案去掉be句意：为了让自己被注意到，她戴了一顶红色的

23、帽子。make sb. done“使某人被”。10To his surprise, Mr. Smith found some parents of his students seating at the back of the classroom._答案seatingseated句意：令他惊讶的是，史密斯先生发现一些学生家长坐在了教室后面。seat用作动词时，意为“使坐下”，常构成seat sb.和seat oneself结构，故用过去分词形式。11The examinee who is caught cheated in the College Entrance Examination wi

24、ll get zero in this subject._答案cheatedcheating句意：在高考中，被抓到作弊的考生，所考科目将会得零分。这里是catch sb. doing结构的被动形式，所以正确答案为cheating。12When Mrs. Clarke was making tea, she heard the door of her house be pushed open._答案bebeing句意：当克拉克夫人正在泡茶的时候，她听到她家的门被推开了。hear sth. being done“听见某事正在被做，听见某物正在被”。13Imagine getting better

25、grades after improve your study habits._答案improveimproving介词after后应用动名词形式improving作宾语。14He came in suddenly without permitted._答案permitted前加being句意：没有经过允许他就突然进来了。主语he和permit是被动关系，且without后接动名词，因此应用动名词的被动形式being done。15Seeing from the top of the mountain, the town looks beautiful._答案SeeingSeensee和主语t

26、he town是被动关系，因此用过去分词seen作状语。非谓语动词(一)非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。其中动名词和现在分词又可以统称为v.ing形式。一、非谓语动词的各种形式非谓语动词根据其表示的动作的发生时间和意义可以有不同的形式。非谓语动词形式不定式一般式：to do/to be done进行式：to be doing完成式：to have done/to have been done否定式：not/never to dov.ing形式一般式：doing/being done完成式：having done/having been done否定式：not doin

27、gv.ed形式否定式：not done非谓语动词的一般式表示与句子谓语动词同时或之后发生的动作；非谓语动词的完成式表示在句子谓语动词之前发生的动作。He is said to be studying abroad now.He is said to have studied abroad for 3 years.The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.Having finished my homework, I went to bed.二、非谓语动词作主语动词的不定式和动名词形式可以作主语。非谓语动词用法不定式往

28、往表示一次性的、具体的动作常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置动名词表示一般或抽象的行为有时也可用it作形式主语，但仅限于几个句型It is a great honor to be invited to speak here.Playing the piano is my hobby.注意：it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在It is no use/good doing., It is useful doing., It is a waste of time doing.等句型里。三、非谓语动词作宾语动词的不定式和动名词形式可以作宾语，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语，如果作介词宾语，不定式符号to前面往往有疑问词。1只跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)afford, agree, decide, determ